1917165438+10/8 What's the matter?

1917165438+1October 18 Mao Zedong, a student from Hunan First Normal School, cleared Changsha.

During the period of191711,the teachers and students of the First Normal University, like the residents of Shacheng, were worried about an upcoming war disaster day and night.

The thing is this: the Beiyang military government sent Fu, a Beiyang warlord, to Hunan to suppress the movement to protect the people, and was defeated by Tan, a Guangxi army. Fu led the defeated troops to flee from Changsha and fled to Hubei, while Tan was still stationed in Hengshan and Xiangxiang, and failed to get to Changsha in time. As a result, Changsha has temporarily become an empty city, with only a small number of police to maintain order. At this moment, there was a sudden news that Fu, one of the HunChengLv of Beiyang Army, had heard that Fu had been defeated in Hubei and didn't want to fight any more, so he withdrew from Zhuzhou to Changsha along the Guangdong-Han Railway, and he had reached the Monkey Stone area not far from the First Normal School.

The news spread all over the first normal school in an instant. Nearly 1000 teachers and students in the school are completely in a state of tension and confusion. At the general meeting of all teachers and students, President Kong Zhaoshou reported to everyone that there was a danger of war in the southern suburbs, and all teachers and students of the school had to get ready immediately, and collectively took refuge in Amilin, five miles east of the city, waiting for the order to start at once.

After listening to Kong Zhaoshou's report on the enemy's situation, Mao Zedong did not leave the meeting immediately. He sat at the square table in the auditorium, holding his chin in his hand, frowning and meditating: in recent years, warlords have been fighting and wars have continued. The people of Huxiang suffered from military disasters, and so did the teachers and students of the First Normal University. It turns out that passive avoidance is never an option. As the saying goes, monks who have escaped can't escape from the temple, not to mention that 1000 teachers and students can't retreat, even if everyone withdraws, the campus of the first division must be the first target of the routed troops. If so, wouldn't the school buildings, teaching equipment and books and materials that the school has worked so hard to build in recent years be destroyed at once? Thought of here, Mao Zedong felt that nothing he said this time could make the school suffer another military disaster, so he had to come up with a solution. Immediately, after analyzing the situation of both sides in detail, he formed a plan to protect the school and the city by relying on student volunteers.

So, Mao Zedong came to the principal's office and talked with Kong Zhaoshou about his ideas. Kong Zhaoshou asked uneasily, "Runzhi, can we resist thousands of routed troops with more than 200 student troops?" Mao Zedong analyzed: "When teachers and students leave the school, the school will be empty, and the defeated soldiers will definitely rob the school; On the contrary, it is safer to actively organize and defend the school than to leave the school to take refuge. Besides, why do these defeated soldiers just wander outside the city instead of going into the city? Because I don't know the situation in the city, I dare not make a move. If they panic and get tired and take the initiative to attack, they can drive them away! " After listening to Mao Zedong's opinion, Kong Zhaoshou did not immediately express his position, but reminded Mao Zedong: "Runzhi, this matter is related to the safety of teachers and students of the First Division 1000, and the responsibility is great!" Mao Zedong felt the weight of the burden on his shoulders from the headmaster's serious words. After a little reflection, he solemnly replied, "Don't worry, headmaster ..."

Then, Mao Zedong personally went to the vicinity of Monkey Stone to understand the real situation of the routed troops. After reconnaissance, he learned that these defeated soldiers had completely fallen into hunger and fatigue, and they didn't know the military situation in Changsha at all. They are as afraid of being hit again as frightened birds. They have lost their fighting capacity. It is entirely possible to organize forces to repel these routed troops. After careful consideration, he immediately returned to school and put forward an emergency plan to President Kong: organizing student volunteers, setting an ambush to intercept and defeat soldiers and collecting their guns.

After urgent consultation with Fang and other teachers, Kong Zhaoshou finally accepted his suggestion and authorized him to command the student volunteers. After Mao Zedong was appointed, he immediately made a decision with President Kong: send about 100 student volunteers with guns to prepare for departure; Urgently mobilize all teachers and students to move out of all desks, chairs and benches, block all the gates of the school, form multiple barriers, and prepare for the battle. Then, he took the official letter from the school to the Southern District Police Station to contact the police for unified action. In this way, all the teachers and students, the transferred student volunteers and some policemen were under the unified command of Mao Zedong, who became the commander-in-chief of the "three armed forces".

At dusk, Kong Zhaoshou and Mao Zedong led the armed student volunteers, carrying firecrackers and kerosene barrels, and divided them into three teams, lurking around several hills near Monkey Stone, forming a commanding encirclement of the defeated army; At the same time, let the police guard Miaofeng behind the school. At this time, the routed troops moved north in fear and tried to enter the city. Not far from the ambush area, the police and the student army shot at the top of the mountain together and set off firecrackers with kerosene barrels, shouting in unison: "Fu escaped and went to town. Don't kill! " At this moment, the guns "guns" sounded and the shouts were deafening, like a tribe sweeping over. The northern army is a frightened bird. After this sudden attack, the team collapsed in an instant, and the soldiers hid in hiding and lost like a mountain. About 3000 people surrendered on the spot. That night, the defeated soldiers camped in front of the first normal school, and the next day, they were sent back to the north by the Chamber of Commerce.

In this way, Changsha city escaped a military disaster. Mao Zedong's decisiveness and bravery outwitted the routed troops and was praised by all the teachers and students in the school. They all praised him as a "brave man". In recognition of Mao Zedong Superman's courage and extraordinary organization and command ability, Kong Zhaoshou promoted him to company commander.

Mao Zedong himself was very satisfied with this military action. He felt that he had not only been trained and tested in actual combat, but also tasted the comfort of commanding soldiers, galloping freely and acting freely after strategizing, which made him have a preliminary interest in the art of war. After a long time, Mao Zedong also mentioned in the chat that he was "engaged in military affairs, which was the first time"!

After this experience, in 19 18, when the northern and southern warlords fought again, Zhang troops invaded Changsha, and Kong Zhaoshou once again authorized the organization of the "guard" and served as the team leader, responsible for guarding the school. In April this year, the war in eastern Hunan was still very tense, and Changsha was so jittery that residents even dared not sleep. Mao Zedong led the guards to patrol day and night, guarding the school closely, so that the school can still attend classes as usual. In order to commemorate this event, Kong Zhaoshou specially took a photo as a souvenir and wrote an inscription on this photo: "During the last period of May Day, the staff and students of our school kept singing string songs, and I hardly knew that there was a disaster in the army." This precious historical photo, as a witness of Mao Zedong leading student volunteers to defend the school, is still displayed in the "Comrade Mao Zedong Memorial Hall of Hunan First Normal University".

"Courage can accomplish great things." Kong Zhaoshou, who once studied abroad, is familiar with the famous conclusions of foreign celebrities. Perhaps from Mao Zedong, an ordinary student of the First Normal University, he got a glimpse of the extraordinary in the ordinary and the extraordinary in the ordinary; From the extraordinary wisdom and courage shown in Mao Zedong's student life, I look forward to the pillar of the "great cause" in the future. So, he personally recorded the details of Mao Zedong's leading student volunteers to defeat the army and organize a "guard" nursing school in the Journal of the First Normal University, together with two books written by Mao Zedong from 19 17 to 1965438. Thus, it provides rare historical materials for future generations to study the history of the First Normal University and Mao Zedong's study and life in the First Normal University and his participation in social activities, and also provides strong evidence for his good teacher-student relationship with Mao Zedong. 195 1 year, people found these precious materials in Kong Zhaoshou's long-lost home, so they dedicated them to the country. ...

Kong Zhaoshou's efforts to establish democratic education in the First Normal University, like a spring breeze, dispersed the lethargy of the First Normal University and made it full of vitality.

Division of labor has changed! She stood in front of the students with a brand-new style!

-The four scarlet letters "Morality, Wisdom, Military and Beauty" are written at the school gate, which embodies the school's educational purpose and clearly presents a brand-new school to the world.

Of course, these are only superficial changes. The real deep-seated change is the rise of democratic education mentioned above. Under the leadership of Kong Zhaoshou, organizations and activities aimed at cultivating students' autonomy have emerged one after another: reorganizing student associations, setting up workers' night schools, creating student volunteers, holding sports meetings, setting up trade unions, strengthening vocational training, and carrying out study tours.

These organizations and activities fully reflected Kong Zhaoshou's desire to run a school and cultivate talents, and conformed to the historical development trend of China at that time. Since then, a large number of promising young people, especially Mao Zedong and Cai Hesen, have used the First Division as a training ground to save the country and the people, temper their strong will, sharpen their noble character, set up lofty ideals and cultivate outstanding talents. They began to participate in these beneficial organizations and activities in the early days, then joined the patriotic and revolutionary movements, embarked on the road of professional revolutionaries, and finally became the leaders or leading backbones of the people's liberation cause in China.

Especially Mao Zedong, this stage is of great significance to him. Kong Zhaoshou's two years as principal is a turning point in his life and the beginning of his brilliant life!

Practice has proved that Mao Zedong's experience in the First Division laid a comprehensive and solid foundation for his later revolutionary activities. During the period of 1936, when Mao Zedong was talking with American friend edgar snow in northern Shaanxi, he said, "Many things happened in my life in Hunan No.1 Normal School, and my political thoughts began to take shape during this period. Here, I also gained the initial experience of social activities. " 1949, when Mao Zedong met his old classmates in Beijing, he said, "I didn't go to college formally, nor did I study abroad. My knowledge and insight are the foundation laid in the first normal school. The first division is a good school. "