What is the scientific name of this school? Friends who know movies come and have a look!

A small wooden board with the number of times, scenes, director, film title, film company and other information written on it. One end can be opened and closed to make a clear sound, so that the sound and picture are synchronized when editing.

Characteristics of scoreboard

Features: blackboard, which can be written with whiteboard pen or water-based pen, is simple, practical and clearly visible. Hardwood, it's so loud.

The origin of scoreboard

The inventor of the first slate in film history may be Frank Thring, who was the director of Eftee Film Studio in Melbourne, Australia in the 1920s.

Movies are made up of many shots, and each movie usually has hundreds or even thousands of shots. The scene and content in the film are very complicated. When shooting a movie, it is impossible to follow the sequence of the plots, but to shoot according to the scenes, such as shooting the location first, then shooting the scene on the set, or shooting the scene in summer first, then shooting the scene in winter, even if it is the same winter scene, some plots happen in front of the story and some plots happen in the back. In order to ensure the quality, some shots have to be shot several times. After months of hard work, I brought back a lot of film. How can we piece it together into a complete movie? If there is no obvious mark on the film, it will bring great trouble to the later editing work.

In the long-term practice, filmmakers have found a good way. They used a small board with black and white stripes, which simply wrote the relevant contents of the film to be filmed. Before each shot, take this "board" as the mark of this shot. This step is called "clapping your hands" or "filming" in the jargon of the film industry. In this way, there is a slate shot at the beginning of each film. In post-production, as long as the staff see this mark, they will know which film, scene and shot this film is, which is easy to identify. In addition, clothing, make-up, props and other staff can also use this to avoid flaws in the details of shots taken at different times, thus avoiding mistakes.

Development of scoreboard

The early scoreboards were made of simple boards. With the continuous development of the film industry, the materials are improved from rough wood to better wood or translucent plexiglass. Compared with ordinary wood, the biggest convenience of plexiglass is that directors, staff and actors can clearly see the handwriting on the board in dim light, whether the shooting environment is indoor or outdoor. It is also for this reason that slate usually uses black or white as the background. During the shooting, the reporter will write down the details of the shooting scene on the scoreboard.

In the United States, the contents of the recording board include the film company produced, the shooting date, the title of the film, the names of the director and photographer, and the specific information of the scene. The details of the scene are: the serial number of the scene, the position of the camera, and the number of times the scene was shot (in short, the number of times the actor shot).

In Europe, the story will be written together with the number of scenes shot, such as shooting 3C. Usually, some short films with short shooting cycle will not use scoreboards. The screenwriter is responsible for deciding which scenes need slates. Oral lists are called "voice lists" or "announcements".

The function of scoreboard

There are three functions:

First, as the opening mark of each film, it is easy to recognize when editing;

Secondly, the accurate audio-visual positioning is determined by the sound of tapping the board, which is the starting point of later sound effect editing;

Third, the basis for staff such as clothing and makeup props to distinguish specific shots to avoid flaws in the details of shots taken at different times, thus avoiding serious injuries to the details.

The main operator of the scoreboard is the scoreboard, which belongs to the director department. Although the pay is low and the workload is heavy, it is the position where the crew can learn the most. Many famous directors like Tian Zhuangzhuang are from the scoreboard. In a certain scene, when the familiar "action" is recorded on the spot, the slate is knocked down and the camera starts to operate at the same time. This action is called clapping or clapping. The specific information recorded on the scoreboard, such as camera position and serial number, is to facilitate the later editing to find the correspondence and avoid the disorder of scene order. As for why there is a "clapper" action, it is because the film needs to mark the sound while recording the image. Before each scene begins, the recorder completes the action of "shooting" with the slate, and the camera captures the lens and tapping sound of the slate at the same time. When dubbing later, the sound engineer can determine the accurate audio-visual positioning accordingly.

Movies not only have images, but also sound. If the characters in a movie speak carelessly, they will feel uncomfortable when watching the movie. When making a movie, the notes will "snap" the wooden strips on the clapper while lifting the note board, making a crisp sound. The photographer will shoot the tapping sound and the note shot at the same time, and this sound will become the synchronization mark of post-recording, so that the editor can determine the accurate audio-visual positioning.

The making of scoreboard

Buy a piece of plexiglass (chemical name: polymethylmethacrylate), black or white, draw according to the layout (that is, directors, photographers, etc.), carve a self-adhesive with laser lettering (graphic shops can generally do it), stick the carved self-adhesive on the plexiglass, tear off part of the words, then coat it with organic solvents such as acetone or chloroform (solvents will corrode the surface without self-adhesive), and then wash it with water later. Part of the characters is corroded, and then painted with paint of opposite color with a small brush to dry, so that the characters on it will be more beautiful, almost the same as industrial products. The key is to master the time of solvent corrosion.