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Robert capa, a Hungarian, was born in Budapest in 19 13. His original name is Andre and Kappa is his pen name. He decided to be a photographer when he was 0/7 years old. After studying at the University of Berlin, he first worked for a news agency in Berlin and then worked as a reporter in Paris. Because his photography works were valued by a photography magazine, he was assigned to the battlefield for interviews.

1936 during the Spanish civil war, capa shot a soldier in the Spanish battlefield and was about to fall down. This immersive work, published under the titles of Spanish Warrior, Martyr on the Battlefield and Time of Death, immediately shocked the photography circle at that time and became an immortal battlefield photography work. Kappa also took his young girlfriend to Spain for an interview. German female photographer Gerd Dana was involved in the battlefield filled with smoke. Dana died unfortunately under the track of a tank. The sad kappa stared at the battlefield forever. Most of his life's photographs are set in the war. He used the camera as a weapon to expose the war. Kappa said, "The camera itself can't stop the war, but the photos taken by the camera can expose the war and stop the development of the war."

1937, Japanese militarism invaded China. The following year, Kappa and Si Nuo, the author of Red Star over China, agreed to go to Yan 'an for an interview, but when they arrived in Xi, they were blocked by the Kuomintang. Kappa is the only allied war correspondent in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression who can cover the China war zone. He took many news photos exposing the crimes committed by Japanese invaders in Shanghai and other places and made them public. Later, he went to Britain, North Africa and Italy for photo interviews. 1944 opened up the second battlefield with the United Nations troops, participated in the Normandy landing war in northern France, and took extremely wonderful photos.

1946, Kappa met Seymour from Poland and Bresson from France in new york. They set up Megan Photo News Agency, with offices in Paris and new york. Later, they joined other famous photographers, such as Jia Luo in the United States and Bisov in Switzerland. In the 30 years since the foundation of Megan's Society, great events have happened in every corner of the western world, and their photographers are present. They are selfless.

1954, Kappa quietly went to the battlefield in Vietnam despite the dissuasion of relatives and friends. He used his camera to reflect "the tragedy of Vietnam" (the title of Capa's last work). Unfortunately, he accidentally stepped on a mine and died at the age of 4 1.

1On June 25th, 954, every evening newspaper in America published the death of Kappa. The next day, the Daily News reported "About the Death of Kappa" with a headline, and TV stations, radio stations and times all over new york also reported in a large space, unanimously praising him as the bravest war photographer. In order to commemorate him, there are 13 exhibitions of Kappa's personal works in the world, and many influential photography books introduced him. Special issues were published in Britain and France. 1955 Life magazine and the American Overseas Journalists Club set up the "robert capa Gold Award" to encourage photographers who have made achievements in news photography. 1966, the United States established the "Caring for People Photography Foundation" to commemorate the photographers who died in the Megan Society such as Kappa.

I hate war.

1936, fascism rose in many countries. Franco, Spain, launched a civil war. Like many celebrities at that time, Kappa joined the intelligence department of the People's Front. This war is very difficult. One day, Kappa was in the trench at the front. A soldier jumped out of the trench and prepared to attack the enemy. Suddenly, his body stopped. The bullet hit him in the head. Facing this unexpected event, Kappa reflexively pressed the shutter. It happened in an instant, and it was a tragic photo. Kappa became famous because of this photo published in Life magazine. But Kappa hates war, and he is determined to use war as the theme of his life interview. Not to pursue excitement, but to expose the cruelty of war.

1943 In the spring, Kappa came to Algiers, Africa, to photograph the desert, guns and bodies. /kloc-0 participated in the Normandy landing plan on June 6, 944. Later, he filmed Paris and Berlin. A young monitor who was designing with a machine gun stood up, as if to confirm whether he could be the protagonist of the photo. He glanced at Kappa and fell silently. Blood flowed from between his eyes.

After World War II, he continued to photograph wars and ruins, as well as people on the ruins. While filming in zhina, Vietnam, he stepped on a mine. He is 4 1 year old. Kappa's famous saying: If you don't shoot well, it's because you don't shoot close enough.

Bet your life on the image.

If your photos are not good enough, it is because you are not close enough to the gunfire. I think war reporters can get more wine, more women, better income and more freedom than soldiers. However, as far as this game is concerned, having the freedom to choose sides and being allowed to be a coward without sanctions can make a war correspondent suffer a little. The loss of war correspondents: life is in your own hands. He can keep the selected bet or put it back in his pocket at the last minute.

"robert capa (19 13- 1954) is more qualified than anyone else to speak on behalf of the war recorder and express the mentality and cost of exchanging life for images. He is the most famous war correspondent in history, and his photography career is like gambling. During World War II, he exchanged his own flesh and blood for a space negative in Leica camera during the bullets in various war zones-Spanish Civil War, Japanese invasion of China, North Asia War, Italian War, Normandy Landing War and French Liberation War. He never withdrew his bets from the gambling table at the last minute. He always held the lofty sentiments of winning and not losing and resigned himself to fate, and put all his eggs in one basket, waiting for the beads on the roulette wheel to stop at that number. Kappa got the photos of the war that no one can match up to now. However, 1954 On May 25th, he lost his life in a small germanium station-he accidentally stepped on a mine and was blown to pieces. Rob Kappa, a soldier who died in battle in the video, will be branded in people's hearts forever. His photos have become symbols of mankind and war. He hated war all his life and wanted to use images to awaken people's conscience and stop killing each other. His death is the last advice to mankind. Looking at the photo of the card, it seems that you can hear the sound of bullets flying and shells rumbling. Every frame is evidence of human stupidity.

Bet Your Life on Images is an autobiographical article written by none other than Kappa. How Friedman became Kappa is a wonderful anecdote in the history of photography. Born in Budapest, Hungary, Friedman was very interested in politics when he was in middle school. He had intended to join the * * * production party. At a secret party, he put the bet back in his pocket at the last minute and turned away. Unexpectedly, the next day he was followed by the government authorities and his family was questioned. Friedman had to sneak out of the country immediately and go to Germany to study. From then on, he said goodbye to his relatives in his hometown forever. That year, he just ... Friedman went to Berlin to work part-time as a master assistant in a photo studio. In this way, he became attached to photography. Three years later, he went to Paris to break the world and created one of the most famous imaginative photographers in the world, Rob Kappa. The scheming Friedman and his Spanish girlfriend Jack Cater Tarot (Gerda Talka later became Capa's wife) rented an office in Paris, claiming to be the agents of Rob Capa, a young and wealthy American video player. Friedman is responsible for making photos, while Tarot uses her long sleeves to promote them, saying that because Mr. Kappa is extremely rich and disdains making a living from photos, each photo must be 150 francs, otherwise it is impossible, and it is up to you to buy or not. This price was three times the highest price at that time, but it was sold by tarot cards. A few months later, there was a "Kappa fever" in the market, and important European newspapers rushed to ask for photos of this "great photographer" who only knew his name. In addition, Tarot played the same trick on American news organizations, claiming that "Capa" was a young and rich video master in Paris and made a lot of money. Of course, it's not just luck. Friedman's excellent photographic motivation is the main reason for his success. However, this scam was finally exposed by Ke Cheng, the photo editor of Vu magazine. There was a riot at an international conference in Geneva. All the reporters were rudely driven away by the Swiss police, but Friedman got in and took an exclusive close-up. Coincidentally, this scene was clearly seen by Tick nearby. Three days later, the photo was sent to Tonk's desk. He called Capa's agent, and Tarot replied, "These exclusive photos of Mr. Capa cost 300 francs each." Zhan Chong replied, "It's quite new about Kappa, but please tell Friedman that that ridiculous little hand wearing a dirty leather jacket and taking pictures everywhere will report to my office at nine tomorrow morning." In this way, Andre Friedman had to make an official appearance as Rob Kappa. Today, everyone almost forgot that Kappa's real name, Champagne Betting on Horse Magellan, became more popular only after Kappa appeared in the sky. Coupled with the increasing number of wars around the world, he began to run around all year round, slamming the shutter faster than bullets. 1936 First visit to the United States; 1938 went to Japan and Chinese mainland; 1939, he went to Europe and then to the United States; From 194 1 year to 1945, he began to take photos for Life magazine in various war zones in Europe. These works were all flown back to the United States by military plane before the negatives were developed and enlarged by others. Kappa often can't see his works until several months or even a year later. He is in the trenches all day, and it is impossible to imagine that his fame has spread all over the world. Kappa has almost become synonymous with war reporters. In addition to influencing countless underachievers with battlefield photography, Kappa's greatest achievement in the history of photography is the establishment of Magellan, the most influential photography organization in history. 1947, Kappa gathered several good friends-Shi Liesong, David Seymour and george rodger, and planned to set up an organization to distribute photos of troubled times. Just as they were struggling with the name of the company, Kappa had a brainwave and took a perfume named "Magellan". Magellan is a bucket of two quarts of champagne, which is often drunk at parties celebrating the survival of friends, which also reflects Capa's humorous personality and Lotte know life's outlook on life. Capa was Magellan's leader until his death. Without him, this group would not be where it is today, and it would not be the gathering place for all the top photographers in the world. In the initial period, Kappa often relied on betting on horses to turn over the salaries of employees and colleagues, and Bresson often had a big fight with Kappa because his salary was misappropriated by Kappa as a loss. But everyone knows Kappa is betting on the survival of the whole group, so they don't care much. Kappa has hardly published any photographic ideas. He is highly educated and still keeps the habit of taking notes in the trenches, but they are all notes at that time, his own words about life, fate, war, friendship and feelings. His most famous photographic quote is: "If your photos are not good enough, it is because you are not close enough to the gunfire." His photos don't make people feel the importance of skills, but show a period of courage that can be bought with life. This brave spirit makes his photos regarded as classics by people of any school, and no one will criticize him for being exquisite enough, powerful enough to convey, compact enough to cut, appropriate enough to shutter, and rich enough in color. His most famous photos were taken, and the quality was quite poor. The picture of another Normandy landing is even blurred. Focal length, aperture and shutter are all useless terms in his photos. He takes pictures with his life, not with machines, so Kappa is the only photographer who is called "the great man" by ordinary people.

The Witness of the Great Mind rarely discusses Capa's works, but many of them don't need to be discussed. Just watch. This article does not exclude laymen's comments on Kappa's personality testimony, because his photos are directed at contemporary writers, poets and photographers. E Hemingway "Capa is a good friend, a great and brave photographer. For everyone, he is not afraid of 10 thousand, but he will be out of luck in case of' one thousand'. J Steinbeck "I don't know anything about photography. What I want to say about kappa is purely from the layman's point of view. From the point of view, experts have to put up with me. For me, Kappa undoubtedly proved that cameras are not necessarily cold machines. Just like a pen, it is as good as the person who uses it. It can be a display of thoughts and souls. Capa knows what he is looking for, and when he finds it, he knows how to deal with it. For example, the war can't be filmed because it is generally a kind of "passion", but he did capture the "passion" in the war. He can show the superiority of the whole nation in a child's face. His works are a portrayal of Zhang Weida's heart and sadness, and no one can replace him. We are lucky to have human characteristics in his photos. The young man in L. Aragon is full of courage and inexhaustible energy, so) l Where there is war, there is him. He ran around in troubled times, as if he felt a sense of mission. He always used his camera to capture the line between life and death. In our divided and bloody era, human beings have become victims of nothing more than events, and he is the self-expression of such stories. Irwin shaw (I Shaw) "He lives like the best soldier and abides by the strictest military laws. He always drives to the bullets. In the era of robert capa, gunshots have always been a permanent feature of the landscape. " E. Steichen: "Rob Capa knows and hates war. In his vivid and true photos, like Gowa's famous painting "The Disaster of War", he reveals the sincere and strong feelings of human beings, and he records the horror and absurdity of war. "

Kappa has always been known for his good luck, and other journalists in the same industry nicknamed him "Lucky Kappa". The day he died, his burial place (Taibin) happened to be the moment just after the war. Several reporters walked out of the trench together, and Kappa, who was carrying a camera, said that he would take a walk around to see if there was anything to shoot. Soon, these reporters heard the explosion caused by the foreseeable force in the direction of Kappa, and everyone could not help but say, "Shit, the lucky Kappa hit again. As a result, Dire took Kappa's life! Since then, the world has lost another great man, Andre Friedman.