The materialist view of dialectical materialism includes

Remember the material definition of dialectical materialism

Engels said: Matter is nothing more than the sum of all kinds of physical objects, and this concept is abstracted from this sum. Marxist view of matter is embodied in Lenin's classic definition of "matter": "Matter is a philosophical category that marks objective reality. This objective reality is perceived by people through feelings. It exists independently of our feelings and is copied, photographed and reflected by our feelings. " Lenin defined matter from the relationship between matter and consciousness.

Understand the basic idea of dialectical materialism's material view: its basic idea includes (1) that material is a philosophical category that marks objective reality, and its only feature is objective reality; (2) Matter is the abstraction of the essence of all sensible things; (3) This objective reality exists independently of our consciousness and is reflected by our consciousness.

It is of great significance to apply the material category of dialectical materialism: First, adhere to the thorough materialism monism and draw a clear line with idealism and dualism. This definition defines matter from the relationship between matter and consciousness, points out that matter is an objective reality independent of human consciousness, and illustrates the independence and root of matter to consciousness, as well as the dependence and derivation of consciousness to matter. This definition also shows that the opposition between matter and consciousness is of absolute significance only if it is pointed out within the scope of ontology which is primary and which is secondary. Beyond this range, the opposition between matter and consciousness is relative. (This knowledge point was examined in the 2002 liberal arts multiple-choice question 16. Because consciousness is rooted in matter, consciousness can be transformed into matter, consciousness is only a reflection of matter, and dualism is wrong. Second, it insists on and reveals the knowability of the material world. It points out that the objective reality of matter is perceived through human feelings, that is, it can be perceived through human consciousness. Thirdly, it distinguishes the material category of philosophy from the material concept of natural science, overcomes the limitations and defects of old materialism, and embodies the unity of materialism and dialectics. There are differences and connections between the material category of philosophy and the material concept of natural science. The former is an abstract summary of the essence of all concrete material forms, which is absolute and suitable for explaining nature and human society. The latter only reflects the specific nature. The former has the guiding significance of world outlook and methodology for the latter; Fourth, adhering to the material unity of nature and human society embodies the unity of natural view and historical view. The material category of dialectical materialism can explain not only the materiality of nature, but also the materiality of human society. This is not only to further overcome the defects of the old materialist view of matter, but also an important prerequisite for adhering to the historical materialism. Fifth, it provides a scientific world outlook and methodology for scientific development and all practical work.

2? Matter and motion, motion and stillness, matter motion and time and space.

(1) matter and motion

Remember that matter is the undertaker of movement, and movement is the fundamental attribute and way of existence of matter, which includes all changes and processes. Matter and motion are inseparable. The inseparability of matter and movement is manifested in the following aspects: on the one hand, matter is a moving matter, and there is no matter that leaves it. This is because any substance contains internal contradictions, and contradictions will inevitably lead to movement; Matter exists through motion. On the other hand, movement is the movement of matter, and it does not leave the movement of matter. This is because matter is the undertaker of all sports. The forms of material movement are diverse, they are different from each other and transform under certain conditions. Imagining matter without movement is a metaphysical materialistic worldview; imagining movement without matter is an idealistic worldview. (2000 liberal arts multiple-choice questions 17 examination.

(2) Motion and stillness

Understand the relationship between motion and stillness: materialist dialectics holds that motion and stillness are dialectical unity. First, there is a difference between the two. Movement is the fundamental attribute and mode of existence of matter, which includes all changes. Static refers to the state in which the position or nature of things have not changed. It is of great significance to recognize the existence of relative stillness: only by recognizing relative stillness can we distinguish things and understand the diversity of matter; Static is the scale and link of motion. If we don't admit the static state, the motion can't be measured, and we can't understand it. Secondly, the dynamic and static are mutually infiltrated. Third, stillness is relative and motion is absolute. Static is a special state of motion within a certain time and scope, and motion is ever-present, ubiquitous and eternal. Denying motion and its absoluteness and the existence of relative stillness will lead to relativism and sophistry, which will separate the dialectical relationship between motion and stillness from different aspects.

When applied to socialist modernization, we should dialectically unify the dynamic and static, change and stability, correctly handle the relationship between reform, development and stability, and realize change in stability and stability in change.

(3) material movement and time and space

Remember the meaning and characteristics of time and space.

Time and space are the existing forms of material movement. Time is the continuity of material movement, and its characteristics are one-dimensional, that is, time is gone forever and irreversible. Space is the universality of moving matter, and its characteristics are three-dimensional, that is, it can be measured from three aspects: length, width and height. Time and space are inseparable.

Understand the inseparability between material movement and time and space. On the one hand, material movement is inseparable from time and space. Material movement always takes a long time and occupies a certain space or position. On the other hand, time and space are inseparable from material movement. The content of time and space is material movement, and its nature and measurement depend on material movement. Determined by the movement of matter, time and space are absolute and relative, infinite and limited. Einstein's special theory of relativity reveals that the characteristics of time and space change with the speed of matter movement, and non-Euclidean geometry and general relativity reveal that the characteristics of time and space change with the form of matter, which further proves the inseparability of time and space and the relativity and absoluteness of matter movement. We should oppose the idealistic view of time and space and the metaphysical view of absolute time and space.