What is the development prospect of GIS?

Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer information system that collects, processes, stores, manages, analyzes and outputs geospatial data and its attribute information. Geographic Information System (GIS) has developed rapidly and its application has been deepened and broadened since it was born in 1960s. It has gradually integrated into the mainstream of information technology, is becoming a new growth point of information industry, is one of the main components of geographic information industry, and has great development potential. Nowadays, the application of geographic information system has become the highlight of China's national economy and social informatization construction, and has increasingly penetrated into various professional fields and people's daily lives. With the development and application of computer technology, network technology and database technology, the development of GIS technology presents new characteristics and trends, and Web GIS based on the Internet is one of them. Web GIS is not only used in traditional government management fields such as land, resources and environment, but also promotes the rapid development of industries closely related to people's lives such as car navigation, mobile location service, intelligent transportation, emergency rescue and disaster relief, urban facility management and modern logistics. Geographic Information System (GIS) has experienced the development from the application of stand-alone environment to the application of network environment, and the application of network environment GIS has also developed from the application of client/server (C/S) structure in local area network to the application of browser/server (B/S) structure in Internet environment. With the development of Internet, Web GIS has gradually become the mainstream of GIS application. Compared with C/S structure, Web GIS has the characteristics of convenient deployment, simple use and low requirements for network bandwidth, which lays the foundation for the development of geographic information services. However, the function of early Web GIS was weak, and it was mainly used for electronic map publishing and simple spatial analysis and data editing. Complex graphic interactive applications (such as GIS data modification and editing, drawing) and complex spatial analysis are difficult to realize, and cannot replace the traditional C/S structure GIS applications, resulting in the coexistence of B/S structure and C/S structure, while C/S structure involves a large amount of data transmission between the client and the server, so it cannot be used on the Internet platform. With the development of e-government and enterprise informatization (e-commerce), building an information system system composed of multiple geographic information systems, crossing the boundary of traditional single geographic information system, realizing the sharing, interoperability and collaborative calculation of resources (including data, software, hardware and network) among multiple geographic information systems, and building a spatial information grid have become the key technical problems to be solved in GIS application development. This requires that the data analysis and processing function of GIS be moved to the server, and the functions of the server can be called on various types of clients (such as PCs and mobile terminals) through Web browsers or desktop software, so as to realize the functions of traditional C/S structure GIS, and finally realize the application of B/S structure instead of C/S structure, and build a spatial information grid through the interoperability and collaborative calculation between GIS application servers. The application of B/S structure has entered the four-tier architecture stage of browser /web server/application server/data server from the three-tier architecture stage of browser /Web server/data server. In the new four-tier architecture, the network server and the application server are separated, and the secondary development and expansion functions can be inserted between them. The application server is generally a component GIS platform that supports remote calling, or is encapsulated by the component GIS platform. The complex data analysis and processing functions of GIS (editing, establishing topological relations, automatically maintaining object relations and drawing) are moved to the GIS application server, so that the data transmission between the client and the server is reduced to the minimum, and it is possible to realize complex and large-scale geographic information services on the Internet. The great advantage of this architecture is that the server has strong expansibility, so the function of component GIS as an application server can be realized through B/S structure. WebGIS is no longer a simple software that can only satisfy map browsing and query, but an advanced and powerful server-side GIS. The new server-side GIS will become the mainstream of future application development.