A great man forgotten by the world, no, a god.

Tesla-a famous American inventor and physicist

Nikola tesla (Serbian: николатесла; 1856 July10-1943 June 5438+0.7), an American inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer and futurist of Serbian origin, is considered as an important promoter of electric power commercialization and is famous for mainly designing modern AC power systems. Based on the electromagnetic field theory discovered by michael faraday, Tesla has made many revolutionary inventions in the field of electromagnetic field. Many of his related patents and theoretical research work in electromagnetism are the cornerstones of modern wireless communication and radio. Tesla died on1June 7, 943. In addition to his achievements in electromagnetism, he is also considered to have made contributions to robotics, ballistics, information science and nuclear physics.

Basic information personal profile

Name:

Nikola Tesla

Mbth:

Nikola Tesla

Nationality:

Republic of Croatia (later immigrated to the United States)

Ethnic groups:

Serbia

Birthplace:

Smirjan, Croatia (former Kingdom of Yugoslavia)

Date of birth:

1856 July 10

Date of death:

1943 65438+1October 7th

Personal background

Occupation:

Inventor, physicist

Graduate school:

Graz University of Technology

Religious belief:

Serbian Orthodox Church

Other information

Other achievements:

Father of alternating current, father of radio, long-distance transmission technology, alternating current, Tesla coil, particle beam weapon Tesla turbine engine, rotating magnetic field of asynchronous motor, ground fixed wave, two-wire coil radio technology, wireless power transmission technology.

outline

1July, 856 10, nikola tesla was born into a Serb family in the Croatian village of Smivan. His parents are Serbs, and he is the fourth of five children.

Nikola tesla's father was a pastor of a church and grew up in a Christian family. 1880 After graduating from Prague University, he immigrated to the United States. 1884 became an American citizen and obtained honorary doctorates from Yale University and Columbia University.

There are countless inventions in his life: 1882. Shortly after Edison invented direct current (DC), he invented alternating current (AC), made the world's first alternator, and pioneered multiphase power generation technology. 1895, he made generator sets for Nicaragua Power Station in the United States, making the power station still one of the world-famous hydropower stations. 1897, which made Marconi's wireless communication theory come true. 1898 invented radio remote control technology and obtained a patent (U.S. PatentNo. #6 13.809). 1899, he discovered the x-ray photography technology. Other inventions include: radio, radar, fax machine, vacuum tube, neon tube, etc. Even the unit of magnetic line density named after him (1 Tesla = 10000 gauss) shows his contribution to magnetism.

life experience

Wizards are born

Tesla was born in a Serbian family named Smirjan village. This village is located near gospic in Lika District of Austrian Empire (now Croatian Republic). His baptism record proves that he was born on June 28th, 856 (Gregorian calendar 10 July). His father's name is Milutin Tesla, and he is a priest of Serbian Orthodox Church in Karlov diocese of Srym. His mother's name is Jiuka (? Uka) is the daughter of a Serbian Orthodox priest. She is very good at making household hand tools. She can recite many Serbian epics, but she has never learned to read. His godfather Jovan Drenovac is an army captain in charge of defending the military border. Tesla is one of five children in the family, with one brother (Dane, who died in a riding accident when Nicholas was five years old) and three sisters. His family moved to gospic on 1862.

school days

Tesla studied in Karlovac, Croatia, and 1875 studied electrical engineering at Graz University of Technology, Austria. At least two documents show that he obtained a bachelor's degree from Graz University. However, his school claimed that he never got a degree. He only took classes in the first semester of his freshman year, and then he stopped taking classes. Others said that he was forced to drop out of school because he couldn't afford the tuition for the first semester. According to his college roommate, Tesla didn't graduate. 1878, he left Graz and cut off all contact with his family. He went to maribor, where he was first hired as an assistant engineer for one year. During this period, he suffered from neurasthenia. His father kept urging him to return to Charles Ferdinand, Prague University, so he went there in the summer semester of 1880. However, after his father died, he left the university after only one semester.

Engineer of Edison Company.

1882 went to Paris, France, and worked as an engineer in Edison Company, designing and improving electrical appliances. In the same year, Tesla invented the induction motor and began to develop various devices using rotating magnetic field (1888 patent).

Soon after, Tesla left Paris in a hurry because he learned that his mother was dying. Her mother died a few hours after she arrived, in April of 1882. Her last words were: "You finally came, Nicholas, my pride." After her death, Tesla became ill. He spent two or three weeks in Chaz and gospic, his mother's birthplace.

Leave Edison

From 65438 to 0884, Tesla first set foot on American soil and came to new york. He has almost nothing except a letter of recommendation from his former employer, Charles Bachle. This letter is addressed to Thomas Edison. It says, "I know two great people. You are one of them, and the other is this young man." Edison hired Tesla and arranged for him to work in Edison Machinery Company. Tesla began to design simple appliances for Edison. He made rapid progress and soon solved some very difficult problems in the company. Tesla is fully responsible for the redesign of Edison's DC car.

In 19 19, Tesla wrote: "If he completes the improvement of the motor and generator, Edison will provide him with an amazing $50,000 (including inflation, equivalent to10 million dollars today (2006))". Tesla said that his work lasted for nearly a year, and almost the whole generator was redesigned, which made Edison gain huge profits and new patent ownership. When Tesla asked Edison for $50,000, it was reported that Edison answered him "Tesla, you don't understand our American humor", thus breaking his word. The amount of this bonus is equivalent to the company's founding capital. With Tesla's salary of $ kloc-0/8 per week at that time, he needed to work for 53 years to earn it. When Tesla's request for a salary increase of $25 a week was rejected, he resigned.

Tesla finally found that his company in Edison was just selling strength, but during this time, he began to pay attention to the design of communication system.

An effective scientist

1886, Tesla founded its own company, Tesla Electric Light &; Investors disagreed with Tesla's alternator plan, and he was finally dismissed. During the period from 1886 to 1887, Tesla worked as an ordinary laborer in new york, not only to make ends meet, but also to accumulate funds for his next project. 1887, he assembled the earliest brushless AC induction motor, and made a demonstration for the American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in 1888. In the same year (1888), he developed the principle of Tesla coil and began to work with George Westinghouse in the laboratory of Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in Pittsburgh. Westinghouse listened to his idea of using multiphase system to transmit alternating current over a long distance.

In the early research,

Tesla did many experiments to produce X-rays. Tesla believes that with his circuit, "the energy of X-ray light (that is, X-ray) that my instrument can produce is much greater than that of ordinary instruments."

He also talked about the harm of using his circuit and single-node X-ray generating equipment in his work. In many records of his investigation of this phenomenon, he attributed many causes of skin damage to. He believes that the early skin damage is not caused by X-rays, but by the contact between ozone and skin and some nitrous acid. Tesla mistakenly thought that x-rays were longitudinal waves.

Tesla completed some experiments before Roentgen to confirm his findings (including taking X-rays of his hands, and then he sent them to Roentgen), but he didn't let his findings be widely known. Most of his research materials were burned in a laboratory fire on Fifth Avenue in March 1895.

Tesla's generator is improved by 1895, in which liquid air is considered. Tesla knows that, according to william thomson's discovery, when liquid air is liquefied again, it will absorb more heat that can be used to drive things, which is more than theoretically generated.

Tesla confirmed wireless energy transmission as early as 189 1. Tesla effect (in memory of Tesla) is a term used to explain this type of conductance application (that is, the movement of energy through space and objects is not just like that of current through conductors).

1889, Tesla decided to move to colorado springs, Colorado, where he had a place to do high-frequency and high-voltage experiments and began to do research there. Shortly after his arrival, he told French reporters that he was doing an experiment to send signals from Pax Peak (a mountain near him) to Paris by wireless transmission. Tesla's diary contains his experimental description of the propagation of ground current through longitudinal or transverse waves in the ionosphere and underground. In the laboratory, Tesla proved that the earth is a conductor and created artificial lightning (the electricity released is several million volts, and the longest is 135 feet long). Tesla also studied atmospheric electricity and observed the lightning signal he received with the receiver. As can be seen from the replica, Tesla's receiver and metal detector circuits have unexpected complexity (for example, distributed high Q spiral oscillator, radio wave feedback, original heterodyne effect and regeneration skills).

Tesla claimed that he had observed a standing wave at this time. In the Colorado laboratory, he "recorded" what he thought was a radio signal from outer space, but his statement and data were rejected by the scientific community. He mentioned that there was a repeated signal in the data from his receiver, which was essentially different from the signal obtained from lightning and soil interference he had mentioned. He later mentioned more clearly that those signals appeared in groups, one, two, three and four together. Tesla spent the rest of his life trying to send messages to Mars. 1996, Colam published an analysis of the plasma circular surface signal on Jupiter. The analysis pointed out that the landing point of Mars in Colorado was consistent with the termination of Jupiter signal when Tesla was still in the summer of 1889.

Tesla's later years

1900, Tesla held150,000 USD (5 1% from J.P.? Morgan began to plan Walden Clifton. 1902 In July, Tesla's research moved from Houston Street to Walden Clifton. The tower was finally demolished and abandoned during the First World War. At that time, the newspaper called Walden Clifton "Tesla's Million Dollar Building". 1904, the US Patent Office revoked the original judgment and granted the radio patent to Guillermo Marconi. Since then, Tesla has started his battle for radio patent. 1906, on his 50th birthday, Tesla demonstrated his bladeless turbine with a power of 200 HP (about 150kW) and a speed of 1500 rpm. During the period of1900-1911year, some of his bladeless turbine engines were tested at 100-5000 horsepower (equivalent to 73.5-3675kW) at Waterside Power Station in new york.

The great man passed away.

1943, nikola tesla died at the age of 87. Never married.

Honor record? About the Nobel Prize

Since the establishment of the Nobel Prize in Physics for 30 years, nikola tesla has been selected nine times by himself, twice with Edison, and he gave up all eleven Nobel Prizes. 19 12 The reason for refusing to enjoy with Edison was learned from his good friend Mark Twain: "How can two people * * * share a wife, especially with a habitual liar and thief * * *?" Although Edison tried to compete with GE for the Nobel Prize through various channels every year, he was never completely rejected and never won the Nobel Prize for life.

Throughout the history of winning the Nobel Prize, 27% of scientists were inspired by studying nikola tesla's works, and more than 65% were inspired indirectly. Wilhelm konrad rontgen, for example, helped him prove the harm of X-rays, and immediately became the winner of 190 1 the first Nobel Prize in Physics.

19 10, nikola tesla also recommended Maria sklodowska Curie's achievements in radioactive elements, which won Madame Curie the second Nobel Prize. This time, she avoided the physics prize and won the chemistry prize. At that time, the achievement of chemistry prize was higher than that of physics prize, and she was a woman, which was of great significance to all mankind.

Therefore, although nikola tesla didn't accept the Nobel Prize once, he received thank-you letters from eight Nobel Prize winners in physics on his 75th birthday in 193 1. At his funeral on 1943, three Nobel Prize winners in physics made speeches on behalf of the Nobel team.

About wealth

Nikola tesla independently researched and developed and obtained more than 700 patents in his life, and cooperated in research and development 1000. What's more, he helped develop countless kinds without putting a penny in his pocket.

Nikola tesla is a completely enlightened and wise man. He knows Edison's principle of making money, but he never imitates it. In his later years, he couldn't stand the threat of the consortium and resolutely tore up the "AC patent" and made it a free resource forever. If the invention patent of alternating current is not used by all mankind for free, every horsepower of alternating current will bring him a "patent fee" of 2.53 dollars, and within a year, his cash will surpass the richest man in the world. All the money brought by his lifelong patents and scientific and technological achievements, except equipment or living expenses, is sponsored to poor governments all over the world to take care of ordinary people. In other words, he insists that everyone is rich and the world is one.

Despite his poverty in his later years, nikola tesla insisted on refusing to be retained by the American government, and planned to return to Yugoslavia for his later years. Soon after, the US government used its national strength and allocated astronomical sums of money to give economic support to Yugoslavia and other countries, so that nikola tesla could live in the United States. Up to now, Yugoslav and Serbian banknotes are still printed with nikola tesla's head.

Personality achievement

In the United States, Tesla's reputation in history or popular culture can rival that of any other inventor or scientist. After he demonstrated wireless communication in 1893 and became the winner of the current war, he became one of the greatest electronic engineers in the United States and was highly respected. Many of his early achievements became pioneers of modern electronic engineering, and many of his discoveries were groundbreaking and important. In A.D. 1943, the United States Supreme Court recognized him as the inventor of radio.

Tesla was regarded as a mad scientist in his later years, and attracted attention because he claimed that he could create weird scientific inventions. Many of his achievements have been controversial to support many pseudosciences, such as UFO theory.

The mysterious theory of harmony in the new century. Contemporary admirers of Tesla regarded him as "the man who created the twentieth century". He is a great man forgotten by the world. He invented the alternator, and Edison loved the DC generator he invented, so he tried his best to suppress Tesla with some companies. Tesla would be the richest man in the world if it hadn't been forced to give up the patent for free use of alternating current ($2.53 per horsepower). His dream is to provide inexhaustible energy for the world. Tesla never cared about his financial situation and died of poverty and forgetfulness at the age of 86. Although he is a peerless genius, unfortunately not many people remember him.

Tesla has made contributions in many fields such as robotics, ballistics, information science, nuclear physics and theoretical physics. In addition to the above, he himself has special functions, which are also related to strange inventions such as special functions, flying saucers and particle beam weapons. Even the Tunguska Big Bang was suspected to have something to do with him. However, after Tesla's death was made public, the foreign property custody bureau under the government still obtained his research materials and patents. At the time of his death, Tesla continued his research on long-range power weapons and death rays. Although he failed to sell these weapons to the United States War Department. His death ray seems to be related to his research on spherical lightning and plasma, and it is considered as a particle beam weapon. The U.S. government did not find a safe prototype device. After the War Department contacted the FBI, his research was declared top secret. On the advice of the presidential adviser, all his personal belongings were confiscated; John edgar hoover announced that due to the nature of Tesla's inventions and patents, all his research was top secret.

After Tesla invented the alternator, he began to study the feasibility of "free energy".

1889, he built a laboratory in ColoradoSprings, USA, mainly to study the principle and reaction of Tesla coil. 1895, just as his invention career was in full swing, a bizarre fire destroyed the whole laboratory, all his painstaking efforts, all precious research equipment and scientific experimental materials were burned, and Tesla suffered serious economic losses. He was at a loss under this cruel blow.

After a long period of silence and recovery, at 190 1, he made a comeback from his pain and went out to seek a partner. As a result, he got an investment of $654.38+0.5 million from J. PierpontMorgan, the richest man in the world, and a loan of $654.38+0.5 million, and it was in Long Island, USA. The world broadcasting system was named "WardendyffeProject".

The invention of alternating current

1888, at that time, many newspapers reported crazily: Thomas Edison, a famous inventor, declared that nikola tesla was a "heresy" in the scientific field, and he invented alternating current (AC).

It directly affects the safety of human life.

And repeatedly showed how dogs and cats died instantly after alternating current (the "electric chair" death penalty was also inspired-it is said that Edison bribed some state government officials in the United States to change the local death penalty from hanging to alternating current electrocution. But alternating current doesn't kill people. It electrocuted all prisoners.

But in fact, today everyone knows how much the world needs alternating current. The invention of alternating current improved people's life, promoted the development of industry and promoted the progress of science. But why did Edison attack alternating current and its inventor Tesla again and again? The answer is that the emergence of alternating current directly threatens Edison's DC business. Because using DC has too many disadvantages and limitations. For example, DC is not conducive to long-distance transmission, and power stations will be added every 1 km, but alternating current can be transformed by transformers as long-distance transmission; The use of direct current is more expensive and its efficiency is far less than that of alternating current. Based on the conflict of interest, Edison tried his best to suppress Tesla's invention.

Prior to this, Tesla invented 24 new products for the great scientist Edison, including a series of redesigns of DC generators and DC motors, which were patented by Edison and mass-produced. Edison also made a lot of money from it, but Edison refused to give Tesla the promised bonus or even a raise, and called it "American humor." Tesla got angry and left Edison and his company. This is the prelude to the current war in history.

1888,

Tesla got the support of Geovge Westing House, an entrepreneur from Westinghouse Electric Company, and developed a communication system that has been conceived for six years. Six months later, the alternator he developed was patented, and he was invited by the American Institute of Electrical Engineers to explain and demonstrate the research results of the AC system. Because the efficiency of alternating current is far superior to that of direct current, alternating current is widely used and gradually replaces traditional direct current. Driven by interests, Edison vigorously attacked Tesla and branded it as a "scientific heresy", which led to a scientific persecution. Although alternating current has become the mainstream of industrial and social power supply and the necessity of our daily life, the name nikola tesla has been forgotten or even rehabilitated. This is a masterpiece of orthodox science.

Niagara hydropower station

If you have been to Niagara Falls in the United States, I believe everyone will sincerely admire this magnificent spectacle. Tens of thousands of tons of river water gathered from all directions and poured down in the form of landslides. The rumble of the sudden impact of the river is daunting. In this endless river, there are unexpected rich resources.

1897, in the world-famous Niagara Hydropower Station, the first power station with 65,438+million horsepower was built, which became the main power source in Buffalo, new york, 35 kilometers away. Since then, more than a dozen large and small power stations have been built, producing enough electricity to supply a quarter of the total demand in New York State and Ontario, Canada. Today, this power building, which has been built for more than 100 years, is still running as usual, and natural gas energy has never stopped producing, which can be described as a great miracle in the history of science for nearly a hundred years.

This century-old miracle in science is a design of talented scientist Tesla in his thirties, in which he used nine patented inventions, including the alternator and AC transmission technology invented by Tesla.

In fact, at that time, industry and commerce, public facilities and household appliances all used expensive direct current. Because of the loss in the circuit, a generator set must be built every kilometer when using direct current. Therefore, in the construction of Niagara Hydropower Station, it is impossible to transmit DC power to Buffalo, new york, 35km away. Therefore, when the Niagara Hydropower Station was completed, Americans adopted the AC power transmission technology invented by Tesla to realize long-distance power supply with high-voltage electricity. This epoch-making invention not only solved the problem of long-distance power supply of Niagara Hydropower Station, but also brought people a convenient and cheap electricity environment.

Later, people set up a bronze statue of Tesla in the park of Niagara Falls to commemorate his contribution to Niagara Hydropower Station.

Exempt from patent tax

Tesla's life-long invention witnessed his selfless contribution to society. Although he devoted his life to continuous research, he obtained about 1000 patent inventions. However, in his later years, he was down and out for many years. Although many entrepreneurs took advantage of this talented scientist's love and talent and defrauded him of his research achievements and honors, he still worked hard to research and invent for the happiness of mankind in his later years.

Among Tesla's many inventions, nothing can benefit the public more than alternating current (AC) and alternator. In every corner of the world, the development of economy and trade, the progress of science and the enjoyment of life are inseparable from the help of alternating current. 2003? At the end of 2008, the blackout in the United States and Europe once plunged into social and economic paralysis. Before 1882? In, Tesla invented the world's first alternator, with a ratio of 1885? The invention of multiphase current and multiphase transmission technology in 2000 is a 50-60Hz (Hz) transmission method widely used all over the world.

After Edison invented direct current, electrical appliances were widely used, but at the same time the electricity bill was high, so exporting direct current became the most profitable business at that time. To 1884? In, after Tesla left Edison, he met George Westinghouse, the boss of Westinghouse. With his support, they got married on 1888? In 2000, AC was formally brought into the society at that time. At 1893? Year 1? At the opening ceremony of a World Expo in Chicago in June, Tesla showed alternating current, lighting up 90,000? The power supply capacity of the light bulb shocked the audience, because direct current simply could not achieve this effect. Afterwards, Tesla gained the leading power in the power design of Niagara Hydropower Station.

Since then, AC salted fish has turned over and replaced DC as the mainstream of power supply. Tesla, on the other hand, has the patent right of alternating current. At that time, every time it produced alternating current, it had to pay Tesla a patent fee of $65,438 +0. Driven by strong interests, a consortium threatened Tesla to give up this patent right with the intention of monopolizing profits. After many negotiations, Tesla decided to give up the patent of alternating current, provided that the patent of alternating current was made public permanently. Since then, he tore off the patent of alternating current and lost the right to collect patent fees. Since then, alternating current has not been patented and has become a free invention.

Theoretical invention

Tesla began to think about the possibility of distorting (or just changing) space and time through electricity and magnetism, and hoped that it would be controlled by people. On his deathbed, Tesla was deeply fascinated by the wave-particle duality, that is, the theory that electromagnetic waves are both waves and particles, which has long been incorporated into quantum physics. Tesla's research in this field gave him an idea, that is, to manipulate a certain mode of electromagnetic waves to create a "light wall." This mysterious wall can change time, space, gravity and matter through will, and produce a series of things that seem to appear only in science fiction, including anti-gravity spacecraft, space transmission and time travel (see the movie Fatal Magic for details).

Perhaps his strangest invention belongs to the "consciousness camera" machine. Tesla imagined that when a consciousness is formed in the brain, a corresponding pattern will appear on the retina, and this electronic file conducted by neurons can be read and recorded by machines. This information can then be processed through the artificial optic nerve and then played back to the screen (see the movie Final Clip for details).

social influence

In the United States, Tesla's reputation in history or popular culture can rival that of any other inventor or scientist. After he demonstrated wireless communication in 1893 and became the winner of the current war, he became one of the greatest electronic engineers in the United States and was highly respected. Many of his early achievements became pioneers of modern electronic engineering, and many of his discoveries were groundbreaking and important. In A.D. 1943, the United States Supreme Court recognized him as the inventor of radio. Tesla never cared about his financial situation, died of poverty and was forgotten.

In the modern world where electricity is used, Tesla's legacy can be seen everywhere. In addition to its achievements in electromagnetism and engineering, Tesla is also considered to have made contributions in robotics, ballistics, information science, nuclear physics and theoretical physics. Tesla was regarded as a mad scientist in his later years, and attracted attention because he claimed that he could create weird scientific inventions. Many of his achievements are applied with some controversies to support many pseudosciences, such as UFO theory and mysterious theory in the new century. Contemporary admirers of Tesla regarded him as "the man who created the twentieth century".

1990 At a meeting of the US Congress on July 10, more than 10 US senators took this opportunity to commemorate Tesla.

In addition to134th birthday, his contribution to electric power science and how he changed people's understanding of the concept of power generation were praised by people. Even at this congressional meeting, Tesla was praised as having made greater contributions than Edison (inventor of direct current) in his life.