Introduction to Thailand

Kingdom of Thailand. Thailand is a country in Southeast Asia, bordering Laos and Cambodia in the east, the Gulf of Siam and Malaysia in the south, Myanmar and the Andaman Sea in the west. Before 1949 May 1 1, the name of Thailand was Siam.

national flag

It is rectangular, and its length-width ratio is 3: 2. It consists of five horizontal rectangles with red, white and blue colors arranged in parallel. The top and bottom are red, the middle is blue, and the blue top and bottom are white. The width of blue is equal to the width of two red or two white rectangles. Red represents the nation and symbolizes the strength and dedication of people of all ethnic groups. Thailand regards Buddhism as the state religion, and white represents religion and symbolizes the purity of religion. Thailand is a constitutional monarchy, the king is supreme, and blue represents the royal family. The blue center symbolizes the royal family between people of all ethnic groups and pure religion.

emblem of thailand

The national emblem of Thailand is a totem pattern full of religious mystery. Crimson Dapeng is an eagle-faced god in Thai folklore.

national flower

Rice flower (Gramineae)

wushu

bay

national bird

Fire-backed thrush

language

Thai is the official language of Thailand. It belongs to the Dong-Tai language family of Zhuang-Dong language family. Thai is an analytical language, and different tones can distinguish vocabulary and grammar.

Thai and Taiwanese

Thai and Taiwanese are all translated from English Thai. Thai in English can refer to a language or a group of languages. Generally speaking, articles written in Chinese should be written in Thai when expressing a language, and in Taiwanese when expressing a group of languages including Thai.

money

Thai baht symbol: THB

religion

Buddhism is the state religion with 95% followers, followed by Islam with 3.8%, Christianity with 0.5% and others with 0.7%. Taogong, Pattani and Yala in southern Thailand are mainly Muslims. There are Christians and Hindus.

zone

5 13, 1 15 km2 (50th in the world).

Human population

Total population: 6544437 1 (world 19)

Population density: 127/km2 (59th in the world).

nation

There are more than 30 nationalities in China. The main ethnic group is Thai, accounting for 40% of the total population, and the rest are Laos, Chinese, Malays, Khmer, Miao, Yao, Guangxi, Brunei, Karen, Shan, Semang and Shagai. Thai is the national language. 94% of the residents believe in Buddhism, Malays believe in Islam, and a few people believe in Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism and Sikhism.

capital

The registered population of Bangkok is 5.84 million (65438+February 2006).

head of the state

King Rama IX of bhumibol adulyadej. 1946 ascended the throne on June 9th, and 1950 was crowned on May 5th.

International telephone code

66

International domain abbreviation

Thailand (Thailand)

Government system

According to the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand, the Kingdom of Thailand is a democratic country with the king as the head of state.

Important festival

Songkran Festival (April 13 to 15 in Gregorian calendar); Loi krathong (Thai calendar1February 15); National Day (King's birthday, Gregorian calendar1February 5th).

brief introduction

Located in the south-central part of Indochina Peninsula. It borders Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar, borders the Gulf of Thailand (Pacific Ocean) in the southeast and the Andaman Sea (Indian Ocean) in the southwest. Tropical monsoon climate. The whole year is divided into three seasons: hot, rainy and cool. The annual average temperature is 24 ~ 30℃.

1In June, 932, during the reign of King Rama VII, the People's Party staged a coup, changing the absolute monarchy into a constitutional monarchy. 1939 was renamed Thailand. After several changes, 1949 was officially named Thailand.

7 hours earlier than GMT; Later than Beijing time 1 hour

geography

Most borders are low mountains and plateaus. The terrain is changeable and can be divided into four parts: west, middle, east and south.

The western part of Thailand is a mountainous area, which is an extension of the Himalayas. Tantalaung Mountain is the main one and has been moving from north to south. Mount Tanan in Chiang Mai (2576 meters above sea level) is the highest peak in Thailand.

The northeast is the Nakhon Ratchasima Plateau, which is extremely dry in summer and muddy in rainy season, and is not suitable for farming. In the middle is Zhaopina River (Zhaopina River) plain. From Bangkok to the north, the terrain gradually rises slowly, and the land along the Chao Phraya River is fertile, which is the main agricultural producing area in Thailand. To the south of Bangkok is the mangrove area of Siam Bay, which did not enter the water at high tide and became a mangrove swamp at low tide. Southern Thailand is a continuation of the western mountains, which form the Malay Peninsula to the south, and the narrowest place is called the crater isthmus.

In addition, ordinary people in Thailand are accustomed to comparing the country's territory to the head of an elephant, regarding the north as the elephant crown, the northeast as the elephant ear, the Siam Bay as the elephant mouth and the narrow strip in the south as the elephant trunk.

As far as climate is concerned, Thailand belongs to tropical monsoon climate. The annual temperature is not lower than 18℃, and the annual average precipitation is about 1000 mm. 165438+10-February is dry, the highest temperature can reach 40-42℃ in March-May, and July-September is rainy season affected by southwest monsoon. From June 5438+ 10 to February 65438+2, tropical cyclones occasionally attacked eastern Thailand from the South China Sea via Indochina Peninsula, but the tropical cyclones formed in Siam Bay were few and weak.

Major festivals

The festivals in Thailand include the Songkran Festival (April 13-15, the biggest festival in Thailand is the Thai New Year, and large-scale water splashing activities began on June 5438+05), the Bosang Umbrella Festival (Chiang Mai June 1, which is very popular with tourists) and the Chiang Mai Flower Festival (February 4)

education

Famous universities in Thailand

School of Management, Asia Institute of Technology

Schiller Stanford International College

Sinakaninwillo University, Thailand SRINAKHARINWIROT University

Shi Lan University, Rangshi University, Thailand

thammasat university

Mahidol University National Mahidol University

payap university

National University of Law and Politics

constitution

The current constitution is an interim constitution, which was promulgated and implemented by King Bhumibol on June, 2006 10. It is divided into 39 articles, including king, civil rights, freedom and obligation, parliament, cabinet, court, new constitution formulation and national election.

parliament

Full name: Legislative Assembly. On September 19, 2006, Thailand's "Administrative Reform Committee" launched a military coup, announcing the temporary takeover of state administrative power, abolishing the 1997 Constitution, and dissolving the caretaker government and the National Assembly. 10 year 10 month 1 day, King Bhumibol granted the interim constitution. On 5 June, 242 members of the Legislative Assembly were appointed in accordance with the Interim Constitution. On 25th, Michai Rechupan was appointed as the President of the Legislative Assembly, and General Zalan Kulawani and Puthani Tanavarani (female) were appointed as the Vice-Presidents. At the end of 2007, the People's Power Party led by samak sundaravej, Thaksin's close friend, won the general election in Thailand, and samak sundaravej became Thailand's new prime minister (concurrently minister of national defense), with 36 cabinet members. On the afternoon of September 9, 2008, Thailand's Constitutional Court ruled that Samak was unconstitutional to host cooking TV programs after he became Thailand's prime minister, and Samak was immediately deprived of his post as prime minister. On September 17, 2008, Somchai, Vice Chairman of the Thai People's Power Party, was elected as the Prime Minister of Thailand at the meeting of the House of Commons.

In modern times, the Legislative Assembly performs the duties of the Congress, and has 24 special committees, which are mainly responsible for deliberating and formulating relevant legal documents and supervising government policies and work. The Speaker of the Legislative Assembly is also the Speaker of the National Assembly and has the right to appoint 200 members of the Constituent Assembly.

government

The government consists of a prime minister and no more than 35 ministers.

administrative division

There are 76 first-level administrative regions in Thailand, including 75 "Changwat" and Bangkok, the capital of the municipality directly under the Central Government. These 76 administrative regions are generally divided into five regions, including the north, northeast, east, central and south, and each government is named after its capital (Meng 'ang). Under the mansion, there are smaller sub-administrative divisions called "Amho" and "King Amho". According to the statistics in 2000, Thailand has 795 districts and 8 1 sub-districts. As for the sub-administrative districts of the capital Bangkok, there are also some differences in naming, and the total number of "khet" is 50.

Judges

Belonging to the civil law system, written law is the main basis for court decisions. The judicial system consists of the Constitutional Court, the Judicial Court, the Administrative Court and the Military Court:

The main function of the Constitutional Court is to make a final ruling on bills questioned by some members of Parliament or the Prime Minister but considered by the National Assembly, as well as cases in which politicians are suspected of concealing assets, and to decide the verdict by a simple majority. It is composed of 1 president and 14 judges, nominated by the Speaker of the House of Lords and submitted to the king for approval. The term of office is 9 years.

The administrative court mainly hears litigation disputes involving state organs, state-owned enterprises and local governments or between civil servants and private enterprises. The Administrative Court is divided into two levels: the Supreme Administrative Court and the Primary Administrative Court, and there is an Administrative Judicial Committee composed of the President of the Supreme Administrative Court and nine experts. The appointment of the President of the Supreme Administrative Court must be approved by the Administrative and Judicial Committee and the House of Lords, nominated by the Prime Minister and submitted to the King for approval.

Military courts mainly try military crimes and other cases prescribed by law.

The judicial court mainly hears all cases that do not belong to the constitutional court, the administrative court and the military court. It is divided into three levels: the Supreme Court (Dali Court), the Court of Appeal and the Court of First Instance, and has a criminal department specially for politicians. There is also a Judicial Committee, which is composed of the president of Dali University and the representatives of judges in the 12 third-level court, and is responsible for the appointment, removal, promotion, salary increase and punishment of judges at all levels. The judicial court has a secretariat, which is responsible for handling daily administrative affairs.

political party

As of 5 June to 5 February 2006, a total of 44 political parties were registered with the Election Commission. The main political parties are:

1, RAK Thai Party of Thailand. 1998 was established on July 24th. Acting party leader Zadulong Cai Sheng. Secretary-General Surya Zeng Longji Le. Executive Committee: 6 1 person. There are 10 party departments in China. There are 14394404 people in party member.

2. Democratic Party. Established on April 6, 1946. The leader of the party, Abhisit Vechachiva. Secretary-General Suthep Tuasupan. There are 49 members of the Executive Committee. There are 194 party departments in China. There are 4074792 people in party member.

3. Thai Charter Party. Established on July 8, 1982. Han Sinraba Acha, leader of the Party. Secretary-General Baptiste Tistu. There are 49 members of the Executive Committee. There are 14 party departments in China. Party member has 260073 1 person.

4. Mahaxiong Party. 1998 was established in February of 10 (formerly known as Citizens Party, renamed as 19 in July 2004). The party's leader, Ansan Kazumbasa. Secretary-General Levin Gabbush. There are 34 members of the Executive Committee. There are 10 party departments in China. There are 2304324 people in party member.

5. Royal People's Party. Established in June 2006, 65438+ 10/0. The leader of the party, Sano Tiantong. Song Weize, Secretary General of Suapur. The Executive Committee has seven members. There are190,000 people in party member.

anyone/anybody

King bhumibol adulyadej: The ninth king of Rama Dynasty. 1927 65438+Born in America on February 5th. I study politics and law in Switzerland. 1946 ascended the throne in June, and 1950 was crowned on May 5th. Attach importance to agriculture, often inspect rural areas, and sponsor the implementation of many rural development plans such as land reform, water conservancy and improved seed cultivation. I like photography, saxophone playing, badminton and sailing. He has written many famous songs such as Rain Silk and published music albums. 1950 In April, she married Queen Sirikit and had four children: Princess Ubol Ratana, Crown Prince vajiralongkorn, Princess Sirindhorn and Princess Chulabhorn.