Basic knowledge points of introduction to SLR photography (2)

The "trichotomy" was put forward by Greek mathematicians. Photographers can often take many harmonious and pleasing photos by applying it to the composition of photos. The specific method is: divide the picture into 9 squares with the same size with two straight lines and two horizontal lines. When shooting, put the subject at the intersection of a straight line and a horizontal line.

"Trigonometry" can be applied to the photography of any person or scene.

4. Selection of background and prospect

The differences between the background or foreground and the theme in color, shape, line, texture, light and shade will cause contrast, thus highlighting the theme.

(1) Simple and soft background

Simple background will not rob the position of the theme, which is conducive to highlighting the theme. But too simple and monotonous background will make the photo too dull.

(2) avoid messy background

The messy background will make the photos look very confusing, and what's worse, it will make people confused about the theme.

(3) Avoid too many people and things in the foreground.

If there are too many people and things in the foreground, it will be difficult to highlight the main body and seriously damage the overall effect of the photo.

5, the basic mode of photographic composition

(1) components are balanced and stable.

Balance is balance. It is different from symmetry. The picture formed by this form is not a one-to-one correspondence of the shapes, quantities, sizes and arrangements of the left and right scenery, but a different arrangement of the same or similar shapes, quantities and sizes, which gives people visual stability, is the echo balance between the alien and the different, and is the artistic balance of using the perspective laws and visual habits such as near-heavy and far-light, near-big and far-small, and light-deep. Of course, equilibrium also includes symmetric equilibrium.

Balanced composition gives people a sense of tranquility and stability, but there is no absolute symmetry, so it is a common form used by photographers in composition, and balance has become one of the basic requirements of photographic composition.

To form a balanced composition, the key is to select the balance point (balance). What is the balance point? This should be found from the artistic effect. As long as the location is suitable, small objects can be balanced with big objects, distant objects can also be balanced with near objects, animals can also be balanced with still objects, and low scenes can also be balanced with high scenes. We should practice and study more and make good use of this artistic skill.

(2) Break the balance

With the development and progress of society, some trendy photographers think that balance is not exciting enough to reflect the rhythm and characteristics of life in the new era. They advocate breaking the balance, but they also practice their own views and shoot some unbalanced works. We call the composition form of these works unbalanced composition. Life is varied, and there are both balance and imbalance in real life. As long as it is the need of content and creative intention, the form can be chosen at will.

Unbalanced composition is characterized by instability, disharmony, tension and turbulence. It is ideal to express the dynamic situation from the scene image; From the psychological reflection, there are advantages in expressing restless emotions, uncoordinated movements or inconsistent attention, and different expressions. If the cruel war, revolutionary storm, messy scenes and other scenes are shown, good visual effects can be achieved.

(3) Frame composition

Frame composition is to frame the theme with some foreground. Commonly used are branches, arches, beautifully decorated railings, hall doors and so on. This composition is naturally around the theme, which helps to highlight the theme. On the other hand, although the boundary with clear focus is attractive, it may be opposite to the subject. Therefore, framing composition will cooperate with the adjustment of aperture and depth of field, which will make the scenery around the subject clear or fuzzy, and make people naturally focus on the theme.

(4) right triangle composition

The composition of a right-angled triangle generally takes a vertical side of the picture as one right-angled side of the triangle and the bottom side as the other right-angled side of the triangle. Most of this composition pays attention to the directionality of the subject. The moving direction or face of the scene should be opposite to the hypotenuse of the triangle, so that there is room for a way out in front of the moving object or face of the scene.

Right triangle composition can be used for banners or vertical pictures. Its characteristic is that the vertical straight line can show the towering scenery, and the horizontal line at the bottom has a sense of slow and steady movement. It has the dual advantages of regular triangle composition and inverted triangle composition. At the same time, the left and right angles are flexible and changeable, which is very popular with photographers, so they are used more.

The flexibility of right triangle composition is also manifested in the fact that the bottom is long and the vertical side is short or the bottom is short and the vertical side is long. As long as one of the three angles can form a right angle, this composition form can be used.

(5) circular composition

Circular composition is to arrange the scene in the center of the picture, and the center of the circle is the visual center. The circular composition looks like a United group character, which is represented by a schematic diagram, that is, a circle is formed in the center of the picture.

Cyclic composition, in addition to using circular objects to represent their circles in this schema, there are actually many scenes that can use cyclic composition to express their unity, whether it is form or will. For example, many people sign around a hero model, many children concentrate on listening to old people telling stories, and children play games around the circle. They can choose a circular composition.

Circular composition gives people a sense of unity, but this composition mode lacks vitality, impact and vitality.

(6)S-shaped combination

S-shape is actually a curve, but this kind of curve is a curve with regular shape. The advantage of S-shape is beautiful curve, full of vitality and charm. At the same time, the reader's line of sight moves in depth with the S-shape, which can effectively express the sense of space and depth of his scene.

S-shaped composition can be divided into vertical and horizontal rows. Vertical can show the depth of the scene, horizontal can show the breadth of the scene. S-shaped composition pays attention to the overall image of the close combination of lines and tones, rather than the internal connection or echo between scenes.

S-shaped composition is most suitable for expressing its own curvaceous scenery. In natural scenery photography, you can choose winding rivers, winding paths in courtyards and narrow paths in mines. In large-scale photography, you can choose scenes such as queuing for shopping and marching performances. When shooting at night, you can choose winding street lights, the track of car lights and so on.

(7) Cross composition

A cross is the vertical intersection of a vertical line and a horizontal line. It gives people a sense of stability, solemnity, seriousness, maturity and mystery, and is healthy and uplifting. Because the cross is most easily associated with the cross of the church, the Red Cross of the medical department and so on. , thus creating a sense of mystery.

Cross-shaped composition should not make the horizontal line and vertical line equal in length, and generally it is better to make the vertical line long and the horizontal line short; When two lines intersect, it is not appropriate to divide them equally, especially vertical lines. Generally, the upper part is shorter and the lower part is slightly longer. Because the two lines are equal in length and equally divided by the intersection, it gives people a sense of symmetry, and the lack of ellipsis and momentum will weaken the expressive force.

The cross-shaped composition of a scene is not always a simple intersection of two horizontal lines and vertical lines, but a cross-shaped composition can be used for a scene similar to a cross. Such as frontal portrait, the head and upper body can be regarded as vertical lines, and the left and right shoulders can be regarded as horizontal lines; Height and horizontal structure of the building, etc. In other words, whoever can form a cross-shaped image visually can choose a cross-shaped composition.