Photography course examination paper

2 1839

3. The second node of the lens group reaches the focal plane.

5. Small viewing angle, short depth of field, large viewing angle and long depth of field

6,?

7,2: 1

8. Push and pull to change the focal length and rotate to focus.

9. We can understand it from three aspects: performance concreteness, performance action and sports performance.

10, existing light shooting method, artificial light modification method and artificial light reproduction method.

1 1, aircraft position, optical axis and focal length

12, changeable scenery and angles, changeable space and levels have formed changeable picture composition and aesthetic effect.

13, on the one hand, it also produces the formal characteristics of sports performances. Sports make TV pictures become dynamic composition, and TV camera becomes dynamic plastic arts.

14, three parts: departure, movement, left picture.

15, which affects the performance of the hierarchy and leads to the decline of clarity.

16, large aperture+as short as possible+long focal length lens.

Short answer questions:

1, the light levels in photography can be ever-changing, but there are seven kinds in summary: front light, front light, side light, backlight, top light and foot light.

(1) Front light: Light comes from the front of the subject, and different angles are called plane light, smooth light and advanced smooth light. The subject illuminated by frontal light makes people feel bright, but the stereoscopic impression is poor, and there is no change in light and shade. When shooting in front light, exposure latitude is larger. In lighting portraits, the front light is often used as the auxiliary light.

(2) Front side lamp: refers to the 45-degree front side lamp. This is the most commonly used light level, and the scenery illuminated by the front light is full of vitality and three-dimensional sense. In light portraits, the front light is often the main light, which is generally located on the other side of the face. The right light is the left face and the left light is the right face.

(3) Side light: Also known as 90-degree side light, under the side light, the subject has a yin-yang effect, which is a dramatic main light position in portrait photography and can highlight the strong contrast between light and dark.

(4) Backlight: The light, also called "side backlight", comes from the back of the subject, which can make one side of the subject produce outline lines and separate the subject from the background, thus enhancing the three-dimensional sense and space sense of the picture.

(5) Backlight: Also called "Backlight", the light comes from the right rear of the subject. Backlight can make the subject produce vivid outline lines and separate the subject from the background, thus giving the picture a three-dimensional sense and a sense of space. It is very important to make the picture have a dark background, otherwise the outline will not be eye-catching.

(6) Top light: The light comes from directly above the subject. For example, the sunlight at noon and the dome light will make the face of the person being photographed have unpleasant heavy shadows, so it is usually forbidden to shoot portraits.

(7) Footlight: The light comes from below the subject, which is often used as a lighting direction to demonize people. There is no light level of footlights in natural light.

2. Lens system, host, image viewfinder, power supply, microphone and communication system.

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3. Panorama refers to the whole body of an adult or a whole scene when shooting a character. Panorama shows the whole picture of a scene, which can show a certain environmental atmosphere. The behavior of the role is clearly reflected in the panorama, which more effectively reflects the relationship between the role and the environment.

Mid shot refers to a picture that shows adults above the knee when shooting people or shows only a part of the scene when shooting scenes. Mid shot is a narrative scene, in which important relationships, actions, behaviors and plots are generally explained. Therefore, in a movie or TV series, the middle scene is the most common scene form, accounting for a large part of the whole movie.

Close shot refers to the portrait scene above the shoulders of adults or the scene of tiny parts of objects. When shooting an object, it is of great significance to use close-up pictures to show the tiny parts of things. When shooting people, the environmental space has weakened to almost nothing, and people's expressive power has been further strengthened. Close-ups show even smaller spatial range than close-ups, and a certain part of the object is fully and fully reflected.

When the lens focuses on a certain point of the object, the object at that point can be clearly imaged on the TV screen. Scenery in a certain range before and after this point can also be recorded more clearly. Beyond this range, it is not clear. In other words, the clear range of the scene shot by the lens is limited. The depth range of the object clearly recorded by the lens is the depth of field. When the lens is aimed at the subject, the clearance range in front of the subject is called foreground depth of field, and the clearance range in the back is called back depth of field. The foreground depth of field and the background depth of field together, that is, the depth of the whole TV picture from the nearest clear point to the farthest clear point, is called Quan Jingshen.

In some pictures, the front of the subject is clear and the back is blurred, in some pictures, the back of the subject is clear and the front is blurred, and in some pictures, only the subject is clear and blurred. These phenomena are all caused by the depth of field characteristics of the lens. It can be said that the principle of depth of field plays an extremely important role in camera shooting. Correct understanding and application of depth of field is helpful to take satisfactory photos. There are three main factors that determine the depth of field:

1. The focal length of the lens is the same, and when the shooting distance is the same, the smaller the aperture, the larger the depth of field range; The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field. This is because the smaller the aperture, the thinner the beam entering the lens, the more obvious the paraxial effect and the smaller the angle of light convergence. In this way, the converging light in front of the imaging plane will leave a smaller spot on the imaging plane, so that the scenery that was not clear from the lens has acceptable clarity.

2. Focal length When the aperture coefficient and shooting distance are the same, the shorter the focal length of the lens, the greater the depth of field; The longer the lens focuses, the smaller the depth of field range. This is because the focal zone (focal depth) formed by the lens with short focal length is much narrower than that of the lens with long focal length, so more light spots will enter the acceptable definition area.

3. When the focal length and aperture coefficient of the object distance lens are equal, the farther the object distance is, the wider the depth of field is; The closer the object distance, the smaller the depth of field range. This is because the scenery far from the lens can be clearly focused with a little adjustment, and the focus of the front and rear scenes is closely gathered. This will allow more light spots to enter the acceptable definition area, so the depth of field will increase. On the contrary, when focusing on a scene close to the lens, the distance between the front and rear focal points increases, that is, the focal depth range increases, so that the number of spots entering the acceptable definition area decreases and the depth of field decreases. For this reason, the foreground depth of a lens is always smaller than the depth of field behind it.