Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Photography and portraiture - In-depth analysis of seven elements of portrait photography
In-depth analysis of seven elements of portrait photography
In-depth analysis of the seven key elements of portrait photography The pictures in this article are from photographers Yoshiyuki Okuyama and Can Dagarslani.
1. What is portrait photography? What is the key to the success of portrait photography?
All kinds of subjects with characters as the main body belong to the category of portrait photography.
Since the birth of 1839 photography, people have always been the most important subject in photography. What is the key to the success of portrait photography? Both form and spirit? . In real life, everyone's appearance and personality characteristics are different, and their mental outlook is ever-changing.
A photo of a person, if it captures the expression and emotion of the subject, has a poor appearance, can't stand scrutiny and lacks due artistic expression; On the other hand, if the appearance is similar, but the expression and emotion are not portrayed, then the performance of the characters must be bland and have no lasting appeal.
Therefore, portrait photography can't be limited to taking pictures, but should make full use of the advantages and disadvantages of the characters' appearance, highlight the aesthetic feeling according to the theme, and better convey and depict the mental outlook of the characters through their appearance, so that the characters in the photos look more beautiful, vivid and energetic than the real subjects. Only do it first? Shape? For vividness.
In order to make people like photography? Both form and spirit? To meet the requirements, photographers should not only correctly master the camera use technology, but also observe and learn excellent photographic works and related photographic knowledge, often carefully observe and think about various people in life, and cultivate agile thinking and judgment ability. In this way, in the practice of portrait photography, they can distinguish right from wrong, deliberately innovate, seize the opportunity to choose the subject, seize the typical and vivid moments of the subject, and shoot vivid characters.
? Second, what are the shooting methods of portrait photography?
Portrait photography has three shooting methods: posing, snapping and combining posing and snapping. Each has its own characteristics and requirements, which are interrelated and cooperate with each other, forming an indispensable modeling technology for portrait photography.
Pose someone in front of the camera; Show photos
That is to say, in the whole process of photography, the subject is always fully aware that someone is taking pictures of himself, so that the photographer has enough time to complete the shooting after preparing for the shooting and manipulating the subject. Therefore, this shooting method is often used for portrait photos, portrait photos, advertising photos and so on. But in the case of being pushed around, the photographer should try to relax the mind of the subject in order to cooperate with the shooting.
Snap a photo
That is, in the whole process of photography, the photographer directly captures the typical and vivid moments in the activities of the characters, without letting the subject know that someone is taking pictures of himself. This way of shooting, composition and light consumption may not be satisfactory, but the subject is in an unrestrained state of activity and has a natural manner.
But photographers need rich life experience and keen eyesight, and are good at capturing the most typical, perfect and eye-catching subjects in various fleeting character activities, and pressing the shutter in time.
? Swing-grab combination
That is, during the whole photography process, although the subject knows that someone is taking pictures of himself, he does not tell the exact shooting time, so that the subject's attention can still be focused on what he is doing, and the photographer can have a certain time to choose the best angle and light, and after a small range of adjustment and manipulation, press the shutter at an appropriate time. This shooting method takes into account the advantages of posing and capturing.
3. What kind of camera should I buy for portrait photography?
Although general cameras can be used for portrait photography, their performance and characteristics are different due to different models and structures. How to choose a camera for portrait photography? Usually, it can be considered from three aspects: photography use, personal hobbies and economic conditions.
Purpose of photography
This refers to the scope of use of the camera. If a novice just takes family photos, personal commemorative photos of the whole body and half of the body, he can also buy an ordinary entry-level digital SLR. This kind of camera is generally equipped with a camera lens, which can basically control most portraits.
? If you plan to use the camera to create figure art, you can consider buying a Quan Huafu SLR or a micro-single. This kind of camera has excellent performance and better picture quality, and can be used to take pictures of people with whole body, chest circumference and specific head.
Personal preference
Every photographer has different hobbies, some like Quan Huafu (135) cameras, and some like medium format (120) cameras. These two kinds of cameras have their own advantages and characteristics, and it is hard to say which is good or not. Generally speaking, full-frame cameras are small and exquisite, easy to carry, easy to use and low in cost. Medium format camera is relatively more delicate and soft because of its large film format, which is easy to make people's faces show rich layering and real texture.
economic conditions
In the market, there are many models, different functions and different structures of cameras. Although their basic performance is similar, their prices are quite different. When buying a camera, I must consider whether its price is suitable for my economic conditions. In general, if you buy a mid-range camera, you can apply it to all kinds of portrait photography.
You must realize that the quality of a camera is not necessarily related to the quality of people's photos. Using high-end cameras can't guarantee the quality of every photo; Using ordinary cameras, you can also take high-quality photos of people. The important thing is that you must be familiar with the structure and performance of the camera and master the operation technology skillfully.
4. What kind of lens should I choose for portrait photography?
Although all kinds of lens of the camera can be used for portrait photography, strictly speaking, the lens of portrait photography should have the following selection requirements:
imaging
The lens image quality of portrait photography should not only be clear, but also have a certain soft light effect. Because portrait photography generally focuses on the face, the quality of lens imaging should meet the requirements of rich layers, real texture, exposed details and moist skin.
focal distance
The most common standard lens (50mm) is only suitable for people who shoot the whole body or bust. If it is used to shoot busts or close-up portraits, it will often cause perspective deformation of the characters, and if the shooting distance of some lenses is close to the specified recent shooting distance, it will not be able to bring them into clear focus.
Therefore, if you shoot an avatar or a close-up person, you should use a medium-focus or telephoto lens, and its focal length generally needs to be 1-2 times that of a standard lens. Take a full-frame machine as an example, the focal length of the lens needs to be above 105mm, so that the distance between the camera and the person can be above 1.5 m, which can not only make the focus clear, but also avoid deformation phenomena such as big nose and small ears.
? hole
When shooting close-ups of busts and headshots, the larger the maximum aperture of the lens, the better. This not only has enough space to make the subject clear and the background slightly blurred, but also enhances the perspective of far and near space, thus highlighting the subject. In addition, the aperture of the lens is larger, so you can still use a faster shutter speed when shooting in slightly dim light without a flash.
5. What photographic equipment and accessories do you need to bring when you go out for a photo shoot?
What is the principle of considering the photographic equipment that a portrait should carry? Lightweight and efficient? .
photographic equipment
Ordinary life can be done with a mobile phone. However, if you plan to further engage in portrait photography, SLR (micro-single) is an essential choice. With a standard zoom of 24~70mm, one camera and one mirror can meet the needs of photography and reduce the size of the equipment. Alternatively, the camera can be equipped with a wide-angle lens and a medium-focus lens on the basis of the original standard lens for emergency use.
? attachment
No matter what camera you carry, it is best to equip it with a hood, related filters and a tripod. If conditions permit, you can also carry a small electronic flash or a homemade reflector for auxiliary lighting. In order to keep the camera and lens clean at all times, you should bring lens paper and lens brush, and it is better to bring a blowing balloon. The most important thing is a suitable camera bag, which can not only protect your camera lens and accommodate more necessary accessories, but also reduce your burden.
Six, the basic rules of portrait photography composition?
The composition of portrait photography should simplify and exclude everything irrelevant to the theme according to the requirements of the theme, and arrange the main characters in the leading role. This dominant position should not be in the center of the picture, because it seems to divide the picture into two halves, which is dull, stiff and lacks artistic expression.
Usually, the main characters can be arranged in the aesthetic point of the golden section. The so-called golden section is one of the principles of plastic arts composition, that is, dividing a line segment into two parts, so that the ratio of the larger part to the whole is equal to the ratio of the smaller part to the larger part, and the ratio is 1: 1.5438+08.
It is necessary to draw two straight lines horizontally and vertically to divide the picture into about nine grids on average, and take the four intersections formed by these four straight lines in the picture as the golden section. Generally speaking, these four intersections are recognized as having aesthetic value, and any one of them is an ideal position for arranging the main characters, because this position has both changes, stability and comfort, which meets people's aesthetic requirements.
In addition, attention should also be paid to the arrangement of characters and other scenery, which should be clear in priority and dense, and should not be piled up. Sometimes, in addition to making proper arrangements for the protagonist's position, it is often necessary to cultivate or balance through another role and scene. Photos of dynamic characters, such as toddlers and bicycle races, should leave more blank parts in front of the dynamic characters, so that there can be room to stretch forward, thus conforming to the habit of observing things at ordinary times.
? Seven, portrait photography how to grasp the picture balance?
Balance, a concept in mechanics, is applied to portrait composition, which means that the subject in the picture is in a relatively balanced state, which makes portrait photos have a sense of stability and comfort visually. In order to master the balance of portrait photography, we should generally pay attention to the following aspects:
Judging from the head and face of the characters.
The head of portrait photography, visually, has a heavy face and a light head. Therefore, when shooting a profile image, the image needs to be slightly back, or even there is no space behind the back of the head, so that the space in front of the face is larger than the back of the head. This can not only stretch the line of sight of the face room, but also keep the balance of the picture. But there are also some performances? Impulse? The theme of the plot, the space in front of the character's face is smaller than the back of the head, which makes the picture feel weightless, which is a special location arrangement according to the needs of the theme.
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