Who can tell me the definition, usage, characteristics and adverbial of time of English tense 16?

Tense is a verb form that expresses behavior, action and state under various time conditions. So when we say tense structure, we mean the verb form corresponding to tense.

English tenses are divided into 16: simple present tense, simple past tense, simple future tense, past future tense, and their continuous tense, perfect tense and perfect continuous tense.

1. Simple present tense

Usage:

A) indicates the actions, situations, states and features that are happening now.

B) idioms.

C) Regular habitual movements.

He always helps others. He always helps others. )

D) objective facts and universal truth. It is particularly important to note that if the context is not the general present tense, it is impossible to keep the tense of the main clause and the clause consistent.

E) indicates the action that will take place according to the regulations, plans or arrangements. Only some verbs that mean "come, go, move, stop, start, end and continue" can be used with adverbials that mean future time. Common usage is: planes, trains, ships, cars and other means of transportation that run regularly.

The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

How often does this bus run? How often does this bus run? )

F) In the adverbial clauses of time and conditions, the simple present tense (sometimes the present perfect tense) is often used to indicate future events.

When you finish the report, I will have been waiting for about 3 hours. When you finished this report, I had been waiting for nearly three hours. )

2. What are you doing now?

Usage: the action that is going on now.

3. It has been done now.

Usage:

A) indicates that the action has been completed or just completed.

I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one, so I have two houses at present.

A) not sold b) sold c) not sold d) will be sold.

The answer is c) not sold.

B) indicates an action or situation that started from a certain time in the past, continues to the present, and may continue. Progressive verbs are often used at this time. Adverbials of time are often used to add a past time point, a period of time, or a present time.

Although Newton was great, many of his ideas are still modified by the work of contemporary scientists today.

A) being challenged c) being challenged

B) may be challenged d) challenging.

Although Newton was a great man, many of his viewpoints are still challenged today and revised by the work of modern scientists. Challenge is a transitive verb and should be passive in this sentence. Its action continues to this day, so use the present perfect tense. It can be seen that the answer is c) challenged. A) it's a challenge, and d) it's a challenge. They are all active voices and can't be the answer. B) Although b) may be challenged passively, its meaning is different from that of the whole sentence, so it is wrong.

C) indicates an action or situation that happened in the past but still has an impact on the present. Some verbs are usually used, such as: arrive, start, find, give, lose, etc.

John broke his left leg. John broke his left leg. )

Matters needing attention

A) The present perfect tense is a link between the past and the present. The difference between the present perfect tense and the past tense is that the present perfect tense emphasizes the dynamic nature of the action, or is influenced by the dynamic nature, which is the dynamic result and has an impact on the present; The past tense only indicates actions that happened at a specific time in the past, and has nothing to do with the present.

He worked in that hospital for eight years. He used to work in that hospital for eight years. This is just telling a past fact. He is no longer in that hospital. )

He worked in that hospital for eight years. He worked in that hospital for eight years. It means that he used to work, has been working until now, and still works in that hospital. )

B) Because the completion of the adverbial of time containing for plus a period of time or since plus a time point is dynamic and continuous, you can't use terminal verbs or instantaneous verbs.

My sister has been married for five years.

My sister is married. Don't disturb her. (terminal verb)

C) The sentence pattern "This is the first/second/third" tense that needs to be completed ... Time is up ... ".

This is the second time that our company's products have been exhibited in the international exhibition. This is the second time that our products have participated in the international exhibition. )

D) The sentence pattern "it is/hasbeen ... because" is correct in both tenses.

It's been 10 years since I last saw him.

E) In sentence patterns such as "not earlier than", "almost/hardly when", "before" and "before", when the main sentence needs to be completed.

Example: I hadn't seen the professor before today. I have never seen that professor before. )

4. What I've been doing.

Usage: indicates that an action started at a certain time in the past, continues or appears repeatedly today, or will continue into the future.

We have been working on this project for over a month.

Note: Compared with the present perfect tense, the present perfect tense emphasizes that the action or state has been continuous or repeated from the past to the present.

For example: 1997 June 4th question 45

It seems that oil has been flowing out of this pipe for some time. We must take the machine apart and fix it.

A) it's leaked b) it's leaking.

C) leaking d) leaking all the time

From the context of this question, these two sentences mean: "It seems that this pipeline has been leaking oil for some time, and we will have to disassemble it for maintenance." The second sentence points out the measures to be taken. The first action took place before the second sentence and continues to this day. So the blank space needs the present perfect tense or the present perfect continuous tense. D) It is the present perfect continuous tense. So, it is the answer to this question. 1 1% of the candidates chose b) by mistake. Because this sentence has an adverbial of time for a period of time, indicating that the predicate action continues, you can't use the predicate in the present continuous tense, you must use the tense related to the perfect tense. Some candidates mistakenly chose c) leaked or a) leaked because they didn't notice that the second sentence of this question was general.

5. Simple past tense

Usage:

A) indicates an action or situation that happened at some time in the past.

B) Used to express past habitual actions, especially the sentence pattern expressed by will/Used to do itself represents the past tense.

The old man will sit on a bench in a quiet park and watch others for hours, doing nothing and not talking to anyone. Old people used to sit on a bench in a quiet park and watch others for hours, doing nothing and not talking to anyone. )

He used to see his mother once a week. He used to see his mother once a week. )

C) Sometimes it can replace the simple present tense to express a smooth, polite, polite and negotiating tone.

I want to ask you if I can borrow your car. Can I borrow your car? )

Do you mind if I sit here? Can I sit here?)

Precautions:

A) Pay attention to the collocation of adverbials of time. The adverbial of time in the past tense should be a word or phrase indicating a certain time in the past, such as yesterday, last month, in 1999, two days ago, etc. Do not use them with recent, past 10 years, this month, etc. Because such adverbials of time are all related to the present.

The negative form and question form of used to do are very special: whatever you write is correct. Take the negative form as an example: it is correct to use it not to do, never to do, and never to do.

Being used to doing is often compared with being used to doing something/something. The former means "used or used in the past", and the verb prototype needs to be added; The latter means "habit" and requires a noun or gerund.

6. Past perfect tense

Usage: indicates the action that has occurred or the state that has existed before a certain time or action in the past. That is what we often say: it means "the past action or state."

Before that, his family had left him for six months.

A) No C) No B) No D) No.

The whole sentence means: "by that time, there had been no news of him at home for six months." It can be seen that the action of the predicate verb was completed at some time in the past, so the predicate should use the past perfect tense. The answer is d). Among other options: a) I didn't hear it, because the general past tense only indicates what happened in the past or the state of existence. So it can't be used with the adverbial of time for six months. B) I haven't heard it all the time, and the present perfect continuous tense means that an action that has continued from a certain time in the past to the present or is still going on is inconsistent with the meaning of the question. C) I haven't heard of it. The present perfect tense indicates the action that happened from a certain time in the past to the present. However, the then in the question only means some time in the past, not the present time.

Note: the logical relationship of "past past" is often embodied through context, not necessarily limited by a certain adverbial of time.

Someone was in our room just now, because when we opened the front door, I noticed a burning cigar head on the floor. Someone was in our room just now because when we opened the front door, I noticed a burning cigarette on the floor. )

Although the adverbial of time is just now, it seems that the simple past tense should be used, but the state of "in the room" existed before the past actions such as "opening the door" and "paying attention", so the past perfect tense should be used.

7. Past and future tense (will/should be done)

Usage: indicates what will happen from a certain time in the past.

I said on Thursday that I should visit my friends the next day. On Thursday, I said I would visit my friends the next day. )

Precautions: Since the past future tense is composed of the past tense and the future tense, its precautions can refer to the relevant precautions of the past tense and the future tense.

8. Past continuous tense (being done)

Usage:

A) Represents an action that occurred at a specific time in the past.

Example: Mary 10 was listening to light music a minute ago. (10 minutes ago, Mary was listening to light music. )

B) If one of the main sentences guided by adverbials of time such as when and while is the simple past tense, the other sentence is often used in the past continuous tense.

I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door.

Note: For other matters related to the future tense, please refer to the general future tense below.

9. Simple future tense

Usage:

A) the basic structure is will/shall do.

We will give her a handmade glass handicraft as a birthday present. We will give her a handmade glass as a birthday present. )

B) Some verbs, such as: arrive, approach, come, do, finish, go, have, leave, open, play, return, sleep, start, stay, etc. Used in the general progressive tense, usually used with adverbial of time to indicate the future time.

My mother will come to see me next week and stay here until May.

C) When you say "I'm going to …, I think …", you can use being to do.

That's exactly what I want to say. That's just what I want to say. )

D) When you say "about to do", you can use be about to do. Emphasize what you will do in the near future or immediately.

Example: Don't worry, I will examine you carefully soon. Don't worry, I'll examine you carefully right away. )

E) five usages of e)be to do:

A) According to the plan, something is about to happen or do something.

I will see her in the laboratory on Monday. You are sure to see her in the lab on Monday. )

B) Things to do or not to do (close to should, must, should, must) express the tone of command and persuasion.

Children, you should go to bed and keep quiet. Our guests will arrive in five minutes. Children, you must go to bed and be quiet. Our guests will arrive in five minutes. )

C) What is possible or impossible (close to possible, possible)

Example: How can I repay this debt? How can I afford such a big debt? )

D) It will happen, and it will happen in the future.

I assure you that this matter will be settled as soon as possible. Be patient.

A. Will be taken care of

C. being cared for

The point of will attended to is that "attend" is an intransitive verb and must be used with "to". In addition, from the context, things are obviously unresolved, so we should use the passive voice of the future tense. The answer is B.

E) Used in the conditional sentence "If you want to, imagine" (close to if you want to, or if you should)

If food shortage is to be avoided, greater efforts must be made to increase agricultural output.

A) yes, b) yes, c) yes, d) yes.

The answer is a) yes. If we want to avoid food shortage, we must make greater efforts to increase agricultural output.

F) The sentence pattern that can also mean "about to do something" is about to do something.

The coach almost gave up the game because our team scored 7 points.

For example: 1999 June 4th question 65

I was about to call him when his letter arrived.

From a) in b) to c) in d)

The answer is d). At the point of doing, there is a fixed phrases, which means "His letter has arrived. I want to call him."

Precautions:

Adverbial clauses and adverbs with conjunctions such as if, when, as, only, after, before, case and until are generally used in the present tense instead of the future tense. The perfect tense can be used when continuity or dynamics are emphasized.

I hope his health will have improved when you come back next year. I hope his health will be much better when you come back next year. )

10. Future continuous tense (will be done)

Usage: emphasize the action or thing that is happening at a specific time in the future.

Ex: Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt. Don't worry, you won't miss her. At that time, she will wear a red T-shirt and a white skirt. )

Note: Since this tense is a combination of future tense and continuous tense, please refer to the notes of "General Future Tense" and "Present Continuous Tense" for comments on this tense.

1 1. will be completed.

Usage: indicates an action or state that starts from a future time and continues to another future time, or an action or state that occurs at a future time but has an impact on another future time. It's like translating the present perfect tense into the future time period of the timeline. Its usage has changed from being related to the past and present to being related to the future and the future.

For example: 1997 1, level 4, question 22.

The meeting ended for a whole week.

A) it must last; b) it will last.

D) it has been going on.

This question examines the tense of predicate verbs. The whole sentence means: "the meeting will last for a whole week from beginning to end." In the sentence, by the time it ends means that the action will last until some time in the future, so use the future perfect tense. The answer is b) it will last. If you choose a), because the modal verb must be followed by the perfect tense form of the infinitive, indicating a positive speculation about what has happened, and the adverbial of time in this sentence is by the time it ends instead of by the time of end, the tense does not echo. Although it can indicate speculation or possibility, will last can't indicate actions to continue at some point in the future, so C)will last is wrong. Because d) has last is the present perfect tense, it means the action that has been completed so far, and it cannot mean the action that will continue to a certain point in the future, so it is also incorrect.

Note: Since this tense is a combination of future tense and perfect tense, you can refer to the notes of general future tense and present perfect tense.

12) Future perfect continuous tense: shall have been, will have been.

By the end of next month, this project will have been going on for three years. By the end of next month, this project will have been going on for three years. (passive voice)

Past perfect continuous tense: I have been doing it.

Before I went home, my 10-year-old son had taken down the old clock and repaired it again. Before I got home, my 10-year-old son had taken this old clock apart and installed it several times. It is emphasized here that the two past actions of "disassembly" and "assembly" are repeated.

14) Past and future continuous tense: Should be doing, will be doing.

The government promised to build a new highway next July. The government promised to build a new expressway next July. The adverbial of this sentence is a specific future time, and it is better to use the future continuous tense. This sentence is in the passive voice. )

15) past and future perfect tense: It should have been done long ago.

I believe that by the end of that year, an advanced version of the software will be developed, but I was wrong. I firmly believe that a new version of that software will be developed by the end of that year, but I was wrong. )

16) past and future perfect continuous tense: it should have been done all the time, and it will be done all the time.

They said that by the end of next month, this project will have been completed for three years. They said that by the end of the second month, the project had been going on for three years. )