What is the specialty dragonfly of Changbai Mountain?

Sun Yuehua and Fangfang, a hazel-tailed chicken known as the "flying dragon" in Changbai Mountain, were taken in the northeast forest region. Most people know the famous name "Feilong", and often see it in the traditional cuisine of China, because it is a famous and delicious rare bird. Because the meat of "Dragonfly" is tender and delicious, it has been a treasure among birds since ancient times. The royal family of the Qing Dynasty knew the delicacy of hazelnut chicken like the palm of their hand. Every year, they ordered local officials in the northeast forest region to pay tribute to the court, and specially named it "Year-old Gong Bird". The scientific name of "Dragonfly" is Bonasa bonasia, which is a typical forest bird in northern Eurasia. In China, it is mainly distributed in Xiaoxing 'anling, Changbai Mountain and northeastern Xinjiang, and is a national second-class key protected animal. The pheasant with hazel tail is also a famous hunting bird in the world, and its name may be related to its flying. The adult weight of hazel chicken is generally 380-430 grams, and the upper body is mostly brown-gray, with a short crown on its head; The main difference between a male bird and a female bird is that his throat is dark black and his body feathers are more vivid, especially in the courtship period in spring, when he has bright red eyelids above his eyes, he looks very nice. 65438-0992 Under the support of the National Natural Science Foundation, we began to carry out radio telemetry research on the population ecology of hazel chicken in Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve, Jilin Province. Radio telemetry technology is an advanced means to study wildlife ecology in the world. It wears a radio transmitter on wild animals, and then tracks their lives by receiving the signals from the transmitter. A set of radio telemetry equipment can track hundreds of animals at the same time. Using this method, we can not only mark different animals, but also determine their positions and approach them to explore the secrets of their behavior. In Changbai Mountain, there is a forest ecosystem research station established by China Academy of Sciences in 1979, with good research and living conditions. The premise of radio telemetry research on wild animals is to capture harmless animals. In Changbai Mountain, the pheasant lives in coniferous forest, mixed coniferous forest and secondary forest at an altitude of 700- 1600 meters. It is very difficult to catch the pheasant, because it is good at flying, and the pheasant in the study area is threatened by poaching, which is very scary. I remember 199 1 When I first saw the dragonfly, it was a male bird. It is eating the bud of a birch tree 10 meters high. When I tried to get close to it, it flew away fifty or sixty meters. This also seems to indicate that it will not be smooth sailing for us to catch the dragon. Two old bicycles became the first means of transportation for us to study the dragonfly. Teacher Zhang Xinglu of the nature reserve has worked in the Woods of Changbai Mountain for decades and is very experienced. Speaking of catching dragons, he also tried, but he never succeeded. But teacher Zhang told us that in the breeding season in spring, the flying dragon would make a harsh cry of "Ji, Ji, Ji-". Local hunters make whistles out of small pieces of iron, which can imitate the sound of the flying dragon to lure it and tell us how to make whistles. In order to catch the flying dragon, we bought a lot of bird nets in the bird market in Beijing. 1992 in the spring, we lined up several bird nets in the Woods where the dragonfly was active near the positioning station, and erected a "tight encirclement" nearly 200 meters long. Knowing that dragonfly is good at flying, we set up a bird net nearly 3 meters high. It is not easy to attract Feilong to the Internet. Because it is close to people's residential areas, the flying dragon here is very sophisticated and not easy to be fooled, but we still have several opportunities. Unfortunately, because the net was not strong enough or too tight, the flying dragons that hit the net either broke through the bird net or bounced back, and none of them were caught. In order to catch the flying dragon, we drill in the Woods in the dark every morning. The location station stipulates that dinner is served at 5: 30 pm, but we work outside and seldom come back on time. Master Yuan, who locates the station canteen, is an aunt who is nearly half a century old. She always heats the food until we come back. Flying dragons usually spend the night in conifers, and catching flying dragons at night may be successful. On this day, we put the net bag on the top of a long stick and painted it black to make a copy net, looking forward to the action at night. It's getting dark, so we aim at a flying dragon and fly to its nocturnal tree. It was dark, and we sneaked into the tree where Feilong lived at night. This is a pine tree about 12 meters high. By moonlight, I saw a flying dragon lying quietly on a side branch about 5 meters high. We decided to wait a little longer and let Fei Long fall asleep. Time passed slowly, and the dragon did not move in the tree. I can't help asking myself, "Is Feilong asleep?" We have been waiting for more than an hour, and we have decided to act. The net bag slowly extended to Feilong, but it didn't move. Unfortunately, the stick is too short for our net bag to reach. What shall we do? I crouched down and let my assistant step on my back to catch it. However, when the net bag continued to go up, which branch might be scraped, the dragon noticed it and saw it fly up and disappear into the night. As it turns out, dragonfly is also very alert when sleeping. Later, we tried to use trawls and make cages, but all failed. It can be said that during the whole period of 1992, we all accumulated experience through failure. Even Master Yuan joked, "Alas, I have been catching chickens all day, but I haven't even caught a feather. It's a pity that I made you something delicious. " Yes, I want to make a career. I didn't expect to spend a year catching a chicken, let alone conducting radio telemetry. The actual work is really difficult! No wonder, for a child who grew up in Beijing, it is really not easy to catch chickens in the mountains! Time flies to 1993, and catching chickens has become a top priority. In March, when Changbai Mountain was still covered with ice and snow, we once again set foot on this magical land. Summarizing the lessons of last year's failure, we feel that there are many defects in the method of lowering the network. For example, the net can't be fixed in a place in the forest, but it should change according to the position of the' chicken'; And the net can't be lowered too high, otherwise the' chicken' who hits the net can't be wrapped. After improving the method of catching the net and making unremitting efforts, we finally caught two males in the spring of 1993. Although the male bird is caught, how can the female bird be caught without chasing the whistle? We decided to rely on the strength of the masses. We put up notices in the local town, telling the people that if we find the nest of the flying dragon in the wild, don't destroy it, mark it and tell us, and we will get some rewards. This method really worked. 1May, 1993, three nests were discovered by local people, and they made a special trip to the positioning station to tell us. Knowing the dragonfly's nest, it is reasonable to say that catching the female bird should be a matter of exploring the bag, but we had a lot of trouble to catch the bird in the nest. The first dragonfly nest is 20 kilometers away from our positioning station. This nest is at the root of a small birch tree less than 10 cm thick, and there are some low shrubs on the side, which is very hidden. The net we brought can't work because of the blocking of bushes. What shall we do? I heard that the pheasant likes nests very much and doesn't run when people are close, so we decided to jump directly in a raincoat. The distance between mother bird and me is only two meters. I can already see the hen's eyes clearly. Can I jump? Don't push her! This hen is staring at me, too, with confused eyes. She must be having a strong ideological struggle. I took a small step forward gently. Suddenly, the hen jumped out of the nest and flew quickly to the depths of the dense forest behind the tree. The second time, we worked hard. First of all, we dropped two nets on the way for the hen to escape last time. Then I tried to catch it with a net, and let two people block the other two directions to ensure that the chicken flew to our predetermined route. This time, it is still 2 meters away from the hen, and the net has not sealed the nest. She has drilled out of the bushes near the nest and flew in the direction we expected. Unexpectedly, this clever female bird flew out of a beautiful "S" curve, bypassed two nets, and still flew into the dense forest behind the birch tree. Until now, I still doubt whether the hen knows that we got off the net in the nest and whether she has observed the position of the net clearly. I rode the mountain road for nearly two hours and waited for a long time, but I failed. I was really depressed. Looking at the empty nest and the 12 eggs in the nest, I knew in my heart that the chicken would definitely come back to hatch. I couldn't help thinking of a plan, using the "hanging door method" to shut the chicken in the nest and catch turtles in a jar. The design is simple. We planted more branches in the bushes near the henhouse to ensure that she couldn't get out from both sides. Then we made a triangular door with branches, hung the door on the chicken nest with a thin long line, and inserted two branches to block the door. In this way, as long as the hen is in the nest, after we turn around the nest, we will cut the thin thread and shut the chicken in the nest when the hanging door falls. We succeeded for the third time by installing a radio transmitter on the hen. For the first time in China, we studied the activities of mother birds and the behavior of raising young birds by radio telemetry. By consulting the literature, we know that there are people doing the same work as us in distant Europe. He is Dr Jon Swainson from Sweden. At the sixth international symposium on grouse held in Italy in September, we reported our research results and met with Dr. Swainson. The two sides decided to cooperate and compare the similarities and differences in behavior and ecology between China and Sweden. The research work of hazel-tailed chicken has thus opened up a new situation.