Baotou night scene photography collection

The most comprehensive travel strategy in the history of Fenghuang ancient city

There are two beautiful towns in China, the first is Fenghuang in Hunan, and the second is Changting in Fujian.

-New Zealand poet Louis? alley

In Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, there is a national historical and cultural city as beautiful as her name-Phoenix. The ancient city has a long history, outstanding people and beautiful scenery, and celebrities have come forth in large numbers throughout the ages. The former residence and cemetery of the famous writer Shen Congwen are in Phoenix. Historical sites are all over the town. The most famous scenic spots are Tuojiang Diaojiao Building Group, Hongqiao, South Great Wall, Huangsiqiao Ancient City, Qiliangdong, Shen Congwen's former residence, Xiong Xiling's former residence, Yangjia Ancestral Hall and Dongmen Building. The Tuojiang River flows eastward around the city, and people wash rice, vegetables and clothes along the river. In summer, Tuojiang River is a natural swimming pool and a good place to enjoy the cool. Rowing on Tuojiang River is a very pleasant thing. Phoenix is really beautiful. Natural landscape, cultural landscape and ethnic customs are perfectly combined here.

The ancient city of Fenghuang has a profound cultural heritage, and more than half of the population is Miao. Farming culture, Chu witch culture and traditional culture permeate each other here, forming a unique regional cultural atmosphere of the ancient city. For example, in spring, there will be an outing and Spring Festival in February, Tomb-Sweeping Day in March, and the biggest "April 8th" festival of Miao people in April. The market in Fenghuang township is a five-day episode, and the towns have different times, and they can catch up almost every day. And various rare products with national characteristics occasionally appear. If you are lucky, you can buy one or two treasures. Miao village town is also a place where Miao girls compete for beauty. The women were dressed in colorful national costumes and the scene was lively and beautiful. I believe you will gain a lot by arranging such an exposition one day. Therefore, traveling to Phoenix is not only to appreciate her unique natural scenery with eyes, but also a cultural journey of spiritual experience.

Transportation:

To go to Phoenix, you usually choose to get off at Jishou and Huaihua by train, and there are buses in Jishou and Huaihua. Huaihua to Phoenix 20-30 yuan (3 hours); Jishou South Bus Station (take a small 3 yuan/car in the city; CMB 1 Yuan to the post office) to Fenghuang 12 yuan (1.5 hours). If it is Jishou Railway Station, 80- 100 yuan. Cross the Phoenix Bridge, enter the South Gate, and reach the ancient city of Phoenix. Transportation in the county (green car: green taxi: 2 yuan/1.5km; Environmental protection tour bus in the city: 1 yuan/person).

Eight Scenes of Phoenix

(South Great Wall, Qiliang Cave, Huangsiqiao Ancient City, boating on Tuojiang River, Shen Congwen's former residence, Xiong Xiling's former residence, Yangjia Ancestral Hall, Dongmen Tower, Hongqiao Pass 186 yuan/person.

Attractions in the city:

For example, Shen Congwen's former residence, Xiong Xiling's former residence, Yangjia Ancestral Hall, Tuojiang River, Diaojiaolou, Hongqiao and Wanminglou. You can completely replace the car with steps; Boating on the Tuojiang River: Take a cruise at the North Gate Pier to Shen Congwen Cemetery and enjoy the scenery of the Tuojiang River in the middle of the river.

Wonders of Cave-Take CMB (2 yuan/person) at Phoenix Bus Station in Qiliangdong (60 yuan), and take CMB to the South Great Wall (45 yuan), Huangsiqiao Ancient City (20 yuan) and other distant scenic spots. Go to Nanchang City and Huangsiqiao Ancient City, take CMB at Alaying, and 3-4 yuan to the South Great Wall (about 30 minutes); From Nanchang City, take CMB to Alaying 2 yuan (20 minutes), and then take a tricycle (2 yuan) to Huangsiqiao Ancient City.

Shopping:

Batik, tie-dyeing, horn products, old cloth, Miao Xiu, silver ornaments and other handicrafts can be bought in the ancient city. The "six-color square" on the old street is very distinctive. You can also visit the printing and dyeing craftsman (Liu Dapao), batik craftsman (Xiong Chengzao), tie-dyeing craftsman (Zhang Guiying, Wu Huahua) and brocade craftsman (Ye). You can feast your eyes even if you don't buy it. If you go to Miao Town Market, you will find that the prices there are cheaper, and you will have a chance to spend a little money on good things, such as bamboo weaving and silverware. The market day of Alaying is the second and seventh day of the lunar calendar; The market in Jiang Shan is on the eighth day of the third lunar month. Among them, Allah has a large market; Jiang Shan Town is a gathering place of Miao people, where you can see Miao women dressed in costumes.

Accommodation:

Phoenix's accommodation can be said to be good and cheap. There are many hotels and family hotels here, with good facilities and cleanliness. Self-help tourists can stay in family hotels along the Tuojiang River, which is clean, hygienic and economical. Family hotels with diaojiao buildings can also enjoy the scenery of Tuojiang River at any time (generally 20-30 yuan/person/day, and it will be a little more expensive during the Golden Week).

Food is cheap, too. Vegetarian food 3-5 yuan, meat food 5- 10 yuan, glutinous rice balls 1 yuan 1 bowl (more than 20 bowls), canned fried meat with mushrooms (10 yuan), duck soaked in blood (20-40 yuan), fish with pickled vegetables and so on are all famous dishes. Snacks include frozen rice and shrimp (1 yuan), bean jelly (0.5- 1 yuan), fried crayfish (1 yuan), Miao pickles (1 yuan) and so on. , are very distinctive local flavor; In summer, you can also eat the iced dumplings here (0.5- 1 yuan/bowl), which is sweet and sour. The "Ambassador Hotel" on Jianshe Road and the "Old Street Restaurant" with the sound of writers' hooves on the old street should not be missed. Although the tastes of local people are biased, due to the increasing number of tourists, they always consider the tastes of guests when cooking, and their service is warm and thoughtful.

Fenghuang shopping daquan

Strolling in the ancient city of Qingqing Shiban Street, all kinds of special foods and ethnic handicrafts are dazzling.

Ginger sugar, a special product of Phoenix, is refined by ancestral secret recipe and folk craft. It has the effects of dispelling cold, moistening lung, warming stomach, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. Economic and practical, easy to carry. It is a rare local specialty, health food and gift during the trip. Anyone who has been to Phoenix knows that workshops selling ginger candy can be seen everywhere in the ancient city of Phoenix, and people can enjoy the scene of making ginger candy at any time, which can be described as feast their eyes. The famous ginger candy workshops in Phoenix are: Liu's ginger candy, Zhang's ginger candy, Jia's ginger candy and so on. , all have their own characteristics. Ginger sugar can be roughly divided into light taste made of white sugar, rock sugar, walnut powder, mint and a little ginger and strong taste made of more ginger, walnut powder and brown sugar. Pay special attention to the shelf life and packaging when buying ginger candy. The shelf life of bulk ginger candy is one or two days. If you want to buy it home or give it to your friends, you should buy ginger candy in a sealed package. If it is wrapped in tin foil, the warranty period is four months Small package (including four small bags) 5 yuan/bag; Gift box large package (40 sachets) 58 yuan/box.

Walking in Gucheng Street, you have to be attracted by all kinds of folk handicrafts here. Brocade, batik, tie-dyeing and silverware here have unique craftsmanship, strong local characteristics and high artistic value.

Phoenix batik is primitive and simple, and can be divided into two schools: one is Tujia batik calico; One is Miao batik homespun. Tujia batik printing pays attention to pure color matching and composition, and the cloth formed is colorful, with unique and pure artistic style and outstanding ironing process characteristics; Miao batik homespun pays attention to pure dyeing, not gorgeous carving, giving people a natural and pure artistic sense, and its outstanding technological feature is cool color. Batik works can be seen everywhere in the ancient city. Generally, batik cloth is rich in color, one is about 20 yuan; Batik homespun, painted by craftsmen with wax, the color is limited to white and blue, and a small work is about 20-40 yuan; Phoenix batik T-shirts popular in summer (15-20 yuan/piece); The collection and artistic value of works by master folk craftsmen are relatively high, and the price is relatively expensive (ranging from 400-800 yuan/piece). Xiong Chengzao and Liu Dapao have made great achievements in batik works.

Tie-dyeing can be called the sister art of batik, but its special technological performance is highlighted in the manual tie-dyeing production. Tie patterns, birds, insects, fish and other different images on pure white smooth cloth with white thread, soak them in the blue energy solution prepared in advance, put them in a ventilated and light-transmissive place to dry the string, and then vivid images will appear in front of your eyes. Finally, do some technical treatment to prevent the foot from falling off, and the whole process is completed. Tie-dyeing is generally more expensive than batik. Small tie-dyed works, such as headscarves (3- 10 yuan/piece) and larger tie-dyed square towels (50-70 yuan). The works of Wu Huahua and Zhang Guiying, famous tie-dyeing teachers, are of high artistic value, ranging from 70 to 600 yuan.

Brocade mainly reflects Tujia style, hand-woven, fine workmanship; Compared with tie-dyeing and batik, it takes longer to make and is more expensive. Generally, a small work is 25-50 yuan, a slightly larger tie-dye work is 200-500 yuan, and the work of tie-dye master Ye is 400- 1000 yuan.

There are many silver ornaments in the ancient city, with exquisite workmanship and diverse styles. The silver ornaments here are divided into old silver and new silver. Old silver is collected from the people, and it has strong folk characteristics in both workmanship and design. Generally speaking, Miao silver ornaments are the mainstay here, and such silverware is more expensive. New silver, modern processing design, has a standard silver content, because the style and workmanship are different, and the price is different. 3 yuan/gram, 8 yuan/gram, 10 yuan/gram by weight and 15-60 yuan/piece by piece. Generally speaking, it is more cost-effective to calculate by piece.

There are also some folk handicrafts, such as folk paper-cutting (there is an old paper-cutting artist next to Hongqiao), and the price is determined according to the complexity of the pattern (2 yuan, 3 yuan, 5 yuan, etc.). ). Woven Ribbon, Narrow Machine Woven 5-7 yuan, Hand Woven 15-20 yuan; Wide mechanical knitting 10- 15 yuan, hand knitting 25-40 yuan.

Visiting the ancient city seems to have entered the palace of art. There are not only antique residential buildings and unique folk customs, but also ethnic handicrafts with strong local characteristics and high appreciation value, which makes people have to sigh the magic of this land.

Miao Zhai Ji Ji

Fenghuang Miao village goes to the market, which is called the market.

I haven't really been to Phoenix, and I don't catch up. Not only are all kinds of agricultural products rich and cheap, but also all kinds of rare products with national characteristics appear from time to time. You can also buy a treasure or two if you catch up. The Miao Town Fair is also a place where Miao girls are more beautiful. At first glance, all kinds of national costumes are colorful. There is a town fair almost every day. Don't miss them.

Liao Jiaqiao: Every third and eighth day of the lunar calendar.

Alaying: the largest market in the second and seventh counties of the lunar calendar, with the famous Huangsiqiao ancient city and the newly discovered site of the South Great Wall nearby.

Ji Xin: In the Lunar New Year, it is the second largest market in the county, with convenient transportation and Jifeng Highway running through the whole territory.

Jiang Shan: the gathering place of Miao people in the third and eighth lunar months.

La 'er Mountain: the gathering place of the second and seventh Miao people in the lunar calendar.

Heku: the gathering place of Miao people on the first and sixth day of the lunar calendar.

La 'er Mountain, Heku and Jiang Shan are all seedling farms. Not only several nearby Miao villages come here for fairs, but also vendors from Fenghuang, Jishou, Fenghuang, Mayang, Guizhou Songtao, Tongren and Sichuan Xiushan often come here to trade. It can be said that "three provinces win one game", with many commodities and cheap prices, and exquisite national handicrafts are among the best in all fairs.

Fenghuang dialect

Although the ancient city of Fenghuang belongs to Chu State and Hunan Province since ancient times, due to the war, the arrival of huge military and political institutions and nearly 10,000 troops, and the influx of business customers from all over the country, after nearly a thousand years of long-term influence, a distinctive "local dialect" has been derived, that is, Fenghuang dialect. Pronunciation is close to the southwest dialect, and the oral characteristics are rather chaotic, so many words are not accurately expressed with suitable Chinese characters:

1, the spoken language is chaotic and the dialect is very strong. Every township in the county has a different spoken dialect. Only Fenghuang still maintains its original dialect. There are five kinds of accents in dialects, namely, giving (giving means "he"), passing means "that", Mao means "no", Xia (just meaning "eating") and Qiang (Qiang means "how").

2. There is no difference between the sharp sound and the group sound in the local language, which eliminates the entering tone and rising tone in Chinese and Putonghua.

3. Many words of Phoenix have a strong local flavor. Adjectives are emphasized and often expressed by overlapping words.

Some Fenghuang dialects are pronounced in front, and brackets explain:

Fetus (big), stumbling (small, flat voice), Hong Kong (talking, meaning of talking), night (Ya Ga), Ga Gong (grandpa), Ga Po (grandma), Niangniang (aunt, flat voice), big (brother), leakage, old (brother) and sleep (sleepy).

Taboos of Phoenix Tourism

1. Don't enter other people's houses with an umbrella.

Don't step on other people's doorstep.

When visiting other people's homes, men and women can't be in the same room.

4. When visiting the Miao family, don't step on other people's tripods and don't sit in the main hall (in the direction of the shrine).

Try not to make friends with married women in Miao village.

6. Don't whistle (attract ghosts) casually in Miao Village and Tujia Village.

Accommodation guide

There are many hotels in Phoenix, which are generally divided into hotels and inns. With the development of tourism, dozens of hotels have been built and renovated. At present, there are three quasi-three-star hotels, two-star and quasi-two-star hotels 12, nearly 20 ordinary hotels and no less than 200 family hotels.

Choosing a place to stay is a very important thing, and unhappy living will affect the rare travel mood. Especially for tourists who are not well prepared, when they arrive in Phoenix, they are taken around the ancient city by women soliciting customers on the streets. ......

In fact, accommodation in Phoenix is generally not tense except for festivals and weekends. Tour groups generally stay in hotels, and self-help tourists mostly stay in family hotels.

Because of the different location and facilities, the price difference between hotels here is generally large. There is one room (double room) around the ordinary family hotel in 40 yuan, which generally has color TV, hot water and independent bathroom. And some air-conditioned and well-located inns are a little more expensive, generally 60-80 yuan. The hotel has changed greatly, 100-300 yuan/room. Festivals will rise sharply.

If you stay in a hotel, our club recommends that guests contact a travel agency (such as our travel agency, 0743-3228364 3228 104) to get a lower price. Ordinary family hotels do not need to be booked (except holidays), and there are many in Fenghuang Ancient City.

A tourist called our club to consult and book a diaojiao building. In fact, the real diaojiao building can't accommodate a few people, and it's not convenient to live in it. Besides, some diaojiao buildings left by the river generally can't be inhabited, so the one that generally lives by the river should be called Linjiang characteristic inn (reinforced concrete building, roofing tile, wooden board outside, antique appearance). Some people also want to book farmhouse accommodation, or to be precise, it should be called the ancient city residents' family hotel.

Traveler Club Special Tips:

During the Spring Festival (the 29th day of the twelfth lunar month-the fifth day of the Lunar New Year), the house price will also increase slightly, generally, one room will increase by about 10-30 yuan.

National Day (65438+1October1-65438+1October 5) and May Day (May1-May 5). During this period, house prices will generally be 5- 10 times higher than usual. Usually 40 yuan's house is also 200 yuan's room. Friends who travel during this period generally need to book half a month in advance. If they are late, they will have no room. If they find a room temporarily, the price may be sky-high. On May 2, 2005, I saw some tourists looking for a room at two o'clock in the morning. What's more, some guests made a floor in 80 yuan, and many guests stayed up all night in Internet cafes, cinemas and cafes.

Miao ethnic group

Miao people are a very hospitable people. Rare guests and distinguished guests come to Miao Village, often after the host family invites them to drink and eat, the host family's brothers, family members, neighbors and even the whole village will continue to invite them. It can be said that "one family is close to one village". Most Miao guests include chicken, duck, fish, meat, fungus, mushrooms, tofu, bean sprouts, and dishes with ethnic characteristics such as pickled fish, pickled vegetables, sausages and blood tofu. We should not only propose a toast to persuade wine, but also sing ancient songs and flying songs for entertainment.

Houses are mostly wooden structures, including bungalows and buildings, and rectangular thatched houses. The staple food is rice, supplemented by corn, wheat and sweet potato; In some places, corn, buckwheat and potatoes are staple foods. The hobby of drinking is very common. Women's dresses vary greatly from place to place. In most areas, women wear big collars and short coats and double-breasted skirts of different lengths, some reaching to the feet and some reaching to the knees. In some areas, women wear big-breasted right-breasted shirts and wide-leg pants. Some coats are collarless, with wide lace on sleeves and trouser legs, cloth headscarves on their heads, earrings, collars, bracelets and other accessories. There are many styles of headdresses for Miao women, with various headscarves tied on the top of their heads, some wrapped in spires and domes, and some wrapped their hair on a bracket and stood high on the top of their heads. Their costumes are unique to southeastern Guizhou, with silver ornaments nailed to their clothes to form "silver clothes" and silver headdresses shaped like horns on their heads, which are as high as feet. Men's wear is not much different, a big shirt or a pair of short clothes and pants. In some areas, men wear linen jackets or robes and shawls or wool felt with geometric patterns.

Marriage custom: Young men and women are free to fall in love before marriage, and most of them combine their own wishes with seeking parents' opinions.

Funeral: Burial. Funeral is simple, but they all play funeral music with lusheng. The main festivals are Miao Year, Spring Festival, April 8th, Chinese New Year Festival, Dragon Boat Festival and Tomb-Sweeping Day.

Etiquette: At the banquet, the head of the chicken must be given to the elderly among the guests, and the drumsticks should be given to the young but infrequent guests in the distance. When eating fish, the host often gives the whole fish to the guests. Some places also offer "Horn Wine" and "Cockcomb Meat". If the guests accept them one by one, the host will be very happy. If someone drinks less and doesn't like fat, it can explain the situation. If the host is not reluctant, but has not enough to eat and drink, it is considered to look down on the host.

Taboo: on April 8, families are not allowed to herd cattle; People attending the farewell party should walk carefully along the way and never sprain their legs and feet, otherwise it will be considered unlucky; Within one month after a person dies and is buried, his family can't get married, nor can they sing or play lusheng. In some places, it is not allowed to kill dogs, let alone eat dog meat; It is forbidden to dig around the stockade, and it is forbidden to cut down ancient trees near the stockade; Men and women of the same generation are commensurate with their brothers and sisters, and the names "brother-in-law" and "brother-in-law" are the most taboo.

Marriage custom of Fenghuang Miao nationality

The autonomy of marriage in Fenghuang Miao area is high, and Miao youth all over the country have traditional forms of free social activities with the main purpose of choosing a spouse. Xiangxi is called "rushing to the edge of the field" or "meeting girls", Qiandongnan Miao people are called "tourism", Guangxi Rongshui is called "sitting sister" or "walking in the village", Qianxibei is called "stepping on the moon", and the Miao people in central Guizhou and some western regions are called "jumping flowers" and "jumping fields". In this social activity, young men and women can sing and talk in groups of three or five or individually, openly or quietly. Love in duet is the most representative and national custom in Miao marriage custom culture. Some Miao communities also have places where young people fall in love, such as Youfangping in southeast Guizhou and Girls' Room in northeast Yunnan. Miao youth pay more attention to personal talent and character than property and family.

After finding the right lover, the two sides can exchange tokens. Marriage usually requires the consent of parents. In most Miao areas, the independent marriage of young people and the arranged marriage of parents coexist. These two situations are not necessarily irreconcilable contradictions, just to see which tendency is more serious. Generally speaking, parents and children respect each other and seek advice from each other. Few people are forced to get married. Moreover, social customs allow and maintain young people's free choice. Therefore, it is more common for parents to preside over marriage after free love. The specific steps are: the young people discuss it well, and after the man asks his parents for advice, he asks the matchmaker to go to the woman's house as a matchmaker. Under normal circumstances, the woman's parents will not object, and sometimes they will use chicken divination to decide whether marriage is feasible. Once the matchmaker is engaged, the two sides will discuss the wedding date and dowry. Before marriage, the man must send a sum of money or other property to the woman's uncle's house, which is called "uncle money". If parents disagree, young men and women can elope and seek the support of relatives or social forces. Over time, parents will admit a fait accompli. Of course, some people obey their parents' orders, and a few have caused emotional tragedies because of their parents' arrangements.

There is also a form of robbing marriage or a similar form of robbing marriage. If young men and women are willing to become lifelong partners through free love, the man will invite several friends or brothers to bring or "rob" the woman to his home one night, which is marriage. Three days later, an old man who was "all blessed" was invited to take a chicken to "report the marriage" to the woman's parents and ask them to admit the marriage. Then the two sides agreed on the date and specific matters of the wedding.

The marriage age of Fenghuang Miao youth is generally between 16 and 20 years old, and there are also early marriages, about 14 or 5 years old. Couples who marry early usually can't live together until they are adults. In the choice of marriage, the same clan (the same surname) does not marry, giving priority to cousins, and different generations do not marry. There is basically no intermarriage between different ethnic groups, even between different branches of Miao nationality. In many areas, Miao people have the custom that the newlyweds live in different rooms on the wedding day, and the bride spends the first night with her best man and the groom's sister. In some places, weddings are mainly held in the woman's home. Miao people in Qiandongnan have the custom of "staying at home" (sitting at home), that is, the bride will stay at her parents' home after returning home, only after being summoned on holidays or busy farming, and will not stay at her husband's home before pregnancy. Sit at home for a year or two to four or five years.

After marriage, you can divorce because of emotional disagreement and other reasons. Generally speaking, the party filing for divorce must make up for the losses caused to the other party. Widows can remarry, and in some places there is a custom of transferring houses. Generally, the same generation of transfer, but not mandatory. Fenghuang Miao nationality is a monogamous family. The nuclear family and the main family are the main family structures in Miao society. Men and women have equal status before and after marriage, and women have a certain say in family affairs, but on the whole it is still a patriarchal society. Children's descent comes from the father, the descent is calculated according to the paternal line, and family property is inherited according to the paternal line. Fenghuang Miao nationality has a father-son joint system, which is typical in southeastern Guizhou now, and many other areas no longer exist. Fenghuang Miao people have their own national surnames, and now most of them have common Chinese surnames.