Cangnan Maya photography palace

brief introduction

A building, usually used as a mausoleum or a sacrifice. Because it looks like China's Chinese character "Jin", it is called the pyramid. In fact, it has nothing to do with "gold"

Generally refers to the pyramids of Egypt. Other famous ones are Maya Pyramid, Aztec Pyramid (pyramid of the sun, Moon Pyramid) and so on.

Egyptian pyramids

The Egyptian pyramids are the imperial tombs in the pyramid shape of the slave society in ancient Egypt. One of the seven wonders of the world. They are numerous and widely distributed. Memphis, the ancient city on the west bank of the Nile in the southwest of Cairo, is the most densely populated area. There are three famous Libyan deserts 8 kilometers south of Giza, called the pyramids of Giza. Among them, the tomb of the fourth dynasty Pharaoh Khufu is the largest, built in the 27th century BC, with a height of 146.5m, which is equivalent to a 40-story skyscraper. The bottom is 230 meters long and is made of 2.3 million large stones weighing about 2.5 tons, covering an area of 53,900 square meters. There are corridors, stairs, halls and rooms as well as various valuable decorations in the tower. The whole project lasted for more than 30 years. There is a huge sphinx in the southeast of the tower.

Pyramid of khufu in Egypt is the most famous. It is the tomb of Pharaoh (king of ancient Egypt).

According to legend, before the third dynasty in ancient Egypt, both princes and ministers and ordinary people were buried in a rectangular tomb made of mud bricks, which the ancient Egyptians called "Mastaba". Later, a clever young man named Imhotep invented a new building method when designing a mausoleum for the Egyptian Pharaoh Zuosai. He replaced the mud brick with the square stone he picked from the mountain, constantly revised the design scheme of building the mausoleum, and finally built a six-story trapezoidal pyramid-this is the prototype of the pyramid we see now.

In ancient Egypt, the pyramids were trapezoidal and layered, so they were also called hierarchical pyramids. This is a tall pyramid building with a square base and a text triangle on each side, which looks like the word "gold" in Chinese characters, so we call it "pyramid". The tower mausoleum designed by Imhotep is the first stone mausoleum in Egyptian history.

At the earliest time, Egyptian pharaohs prepared to use Mastaba as their permanent residence after death. Later, during the second and third dynasties, the Egyptians came up with the idea that the king would become a god and his soul would ascend to heaven after his death. In the inscription of the pyramid later discovered, there is a sentence like this: "Build a ladder for him (Pharaoh) so that he can go to heaven from there."

The pyramid is such a ladder.

At the same time, the pyramid form also expresses the worship of the sun god, because the symbol of the ancient Egyptian sun god "La" is the light of the sun. The pyramid symbolizes the sunlight penetrating the blue sky. Because, when you stand on the road to Kize and look west from the perspective of the pyramid ridge, you can see that the pyramid shines on the earth like the sun.

There is a sentence in the inscription of the pyramid: "The sky extends its own light to you, so that you can climb into the sky, just like pulling your eyes." Later, the worship of the obelisk by ancient Egyptians also had such significance, because the obelisk also represented the light of the sun.

Some people think that it is impossible for the ancient Egyptians to build pyramids, saying that the pyramids may be made by aliens or left by older humans, because there are too many mysteries in the pyramids!

The pyramids are the tombs of slavery kings in ancient Egypt. These rulers were called "pharaohs" in history. Pharaoh not only ruled the world when he was alive, but also dreamed of becoming a god to rule the underworld after his death. So after Pharaoh's death, he took out his internal organs, dipped them in preservatives, and poured them with spices, and kept the body for a long time, called "mummy." Pyramids are tombs for Pharaoh's mummies. At present, there are 96 pyramids preserved in Egypt, most of which are located on the edge of the desert west of the arable valley on the west bank of the Nile.

Large pyramids were generally built in the three to six dynasties of the ancient kingdom (about 2664 ~ 2 BC180 BC), and there are many sites in Giza, segala, rasul, Medum and Absire, which are not far north of Memphis, the capital of ancient Egypt.

Because the pyramids are square-cone buildings, the ancient Egyptians called them "Pyrimus", which means "high"; Its base is square, getting narrower and narrower until the top of the tower, which looks like the word "gold" in Chinese characters from all sides, so China has always translated it into a "pyramid".

Among many pyramids, the most famous one is great pyramid of giza, which is located at Giza, about 13 km southwest of Cairo. There are three pyramids in this group, which were built by Khufu (the second generation Pharaoh), Kafler (the fourth generation Pharaoh) and Menkole (the sixth generation Pharaoh) of the fourth dynasty in ancient Egypt.

Pyramid of khufu, also known as the pyramids of Qi, was built in 2760 BC. It is the largest pyramid in history and one of the world's man-made wonders, ranking first among the seven wonders of the world. The original tower height146.5m, due to thousands of years of wind and rain erosion, is now138m. The original bottom four sides were 230 meters long, and now they are 220 meters long. The four inclined planes of the conical building face east, south, west and north respectively, with an inclination of 5 1.52 minutes. There was originally a limestone road about 1 km around the tower, but there are still relics on the east and west sides of the tower. The whole pyramid is built on a huge convex rock, covering an area of about 52,900 square meters, with a volume of about 2.6 million cubic meters and made of about 2.3 million stones. There are about 1 15000 outer stones, each weighing 2.5 tons on average, and the largest stone weighs about 16 tons, with a total weight of 6.848 million tons. Its geographical location is 3 1 07' east longitude and 29 58' north latitude.

Surprisingly, there is no adhesive between these stones, but one stone is directly stacked on another, which is completely stacked by the weight of the stones themselves. The surface seam is so tight and accurate that even a thin blade can't be inserted. The height error between the southeast corner and the northwest corner of the tower is only 1.27 cm. It took 30 years to recruit 654.38 million laborers.

The entrance of pyramid of khufu is located at the 13 stone steps of the tower north wall, about 20 meters above the ground. The entrance is a herringbone arch composed of four huge stone slabs, and there is an inclined tunnel with a length of 100 meters leading to the tomb. The tomb is10.43m long, 5.2 1 m wide and 5.82m high, with a vertical distance of 42.28m from the ground. There is only a dark brown polished marble sarcophagus in the room, which is empty and the whereabouts of the coffin cover are unknown. There are five rooms above the tomb, and the top cover of the highest floor is triangular in order to evenly distribute the weight on both sides. At the same time, the tomb also has ventilation pipes built of stone. The appearance of the Great Pyramid of Khufu is solemn, majestic, simple and steady, which is in harmony with the endless highlands and deserts around it. Its internal structure is complex and changeable, with originality and unique style, which embodies extraordinary wisdom. After thousands of years of vicissitudes of life, the pyramids have not been shaken or deformed, showing the incredible high-level technology and exquisite architectural art in ancient times. Therefore, UNESCO listed it as one of the world's key protected cultural relics and became a symbol of ancient Egyptian civilization.

The second pyramid of Giza built by Caffler is located in the middle. It is slightly smaller than pyramid of khufu, but its artistic style and engineering design accuracy can be compared with it. And because it is built on a high platform, at first glance, it seems to be more magnificent than the former. The tower foundation is 215.7m long and143.6m high, also made of limestone and granite. Its remaining ancillary buildings are relatively complete and spectacular, including two temples built with huge stones: the upper hall and the lower hall.

The third pyramid built by Menkole is located at the southern end, the smallest but very delicate. Its base is108.7m long and 66.5m high. All three pyramids in Giza were stolen, and the treasures in the tombs were basically lost. However, their perfect engineering skills of ancient Egyptians attract thousands of tourists from all over the world every day in Qian Qian.

Pyramid appearance

This pyramid has a history of 4500 years. Because it looks like the word "gold" in Chinese characters, it is called "pyramid". The pyramid itself is a tomb building. It is large in scale and rigorous in structure. The tower is solid except for the tomb and the passage, and the fixed part is conical. After many earthquakes, the pyramids are still intact. It is considered as the tallest ancient building and the first in eight wonders of the world.

There is a sphinx in front of the pyramid, which is the image of Hafila, the son of Pharaoh Khufu, the fourth dynasty of the ancient king. It's called the Sphinx. It's 20 meters high and 57 meters long. Only one ear is two meters high. Except that the lion's paw is made of stone, the whole Sphinx is carved from a huge natural rock. I have a nose injury, which is said to have been shelled by Napoleon's soldiers in a war. The Sphinx symbolizes the supremacy and inviolability of Pharaoh's power.

Be distributed

Pyramids are distributed on both sides of the Nile, in ancient Egypt and lower Egypt, and now in Sudan and Egypt. Pyramids are tombs of ancient Egyptian pharaohs, and all tombs have different sizes. The largest is pyramid of khufu, with a height of137.2m and a base length of 230m. There are 2.3 million stones, with an average of 2.5 tons each, covering an area of 52,000 square meters.

The Digital Mystery of the Pyramid

After measuring and studying the largest pyramid-pyramid of khufu, some people put forward many digital mysteries contained in the Great Pyramid. For example, extending the longitudinal bisector of the square at the bottom of the Great Pyramid of Khufu to infinity is the meridian of the earth; The meridian passing through the Great Pyramid of Khufu just divides the land and sea on the earth into two equal halves, and the center of gravity of the pyramid is located at the center of gravity of all continents. The diagonal line of the square extending at the bottom of the Great Pyramid can just contain the Nile estuary delta, while the longitudinal bisector of the extended square can just bisect the Nile estuary delta. The circumference of the base of the Great Pyramid is 230.36 meters, which is 362.5438+0 Kubit (the unit of measurement in ancient Egypt), which is similar to the number of days in a year. The original height of the Great Pyramid was 146.7 meters (now it has collapsed to 137.3 meters) multiplied by 1 100 million, which is about equal to the distance from the earth to the sun. The sum of the lengths of the four bases of the Great Pyramid divided by twice the height is 3. 14-pi. Multiply the weight of the Great Pyramid itself by 7× 10 15(8000 pyramids have the weight of the earth, unbelievable! ) is exactly the weight of the earth. The square of the height of the Great Pyramid is about 265,438+0,520 meters, while its side area is 265,438+0,486,5438+0 square meters. These two figures are almost equal. From the orientation of the Great Pyramid, the four sides face due east, due south, due west and due north respectively, and the error is less than 0.5 degrees. Put a basin of water instead of a mirror on the extension line of the main entrance passage of the tower facing due north, so that Polaris can be reflected on the basin. ..... Are these digital relationships accidental coincidence or the builder's intentional design? Many scientists point out that the relationship between these numbers is not so mysterious. Except for some coincidences, some figures are not completely true. For example, a quadrangular pyramid constructed with a slope of about 52 degrees can get a value close to π by dividing its bottom by its height h, that is, 2s/h. According to the account of Girod, an ancient Greek historian, when the Egyptians built the Great Pyramid of Khufu, the area on each side of the pyramid was equal to the square of the height of the pyramid. According to this design scheme, this numerical relationship can indeed be obtained. In addition, some figures reflect the outstanding achievements of ancient Egyptians in mathematics and astronomy. For example, the ancient Egyptians knew how to use the method of water surface positioning (that is, irrigation first, leveling the foundation with water level) to obtain accurate ground elevation; The ancient Egyptians selected a star (or several stars), carefully observed it with simple instruments, recorded the position of the star on the horizon, and then measured the meridian by bisecting the angle formed by the observation point and the star's haunting point. Of course, some scientists have put forward different views. They don't think things are that simple. Why can't other buildings except the Great Pyramid provide so many figures representing a fairly high-tech level? Can the ancient Egyptians use their scientific and technological knowledge to build a miraculous pyramid full of mysteries? It seems that things are really not simple. Scientists with different views are still arguing. ...

travel

Every year 10 to February of next year. This is the best time to travel to Egypt. Egyptian law prohibits taking pictures at airports, bus stations, bridges and military facilities. The museum is heavily guarded, and it has to go through two inspections and an X-ray machine to enter. You must buy a ticket for your camera. Egypt uses US dollars, and 1 US dollar can be exchanged for 4.5-4.6 Egyptian pounds.

Mayan pyramids

Mayan civilization originated in about 1800 BC, while Ithaca, Chen Chi, was founded in the 5th century and occupied an area of 25 square kilometers in the 7th century. The Mayans built hundreds of buildings with stones here, which is the product of the development of Mayan civilization to its peak. These buildings are not only tall and majestic, but also carved with exquisite decorative patterns, showing the superb architectural art level of ancient Mayans.

Chen Chi Iza's central building is a huge pyramid, which stands in the clearing of tropical jungle. It is called Ku Ku Ku Kun Pyramid. The design data of this pyramid is of astronomical significance. Its base is square with steps facing due north, due south, due east and due west, and there are 9 1 steps around it. The number of steps and terraces represent the number of days and months in a year respectively. The 52 stone tablets engraved with patterns symbolize that 52 years in the Mayan calendar is a cycle year, and these orientations are obviously well thought out. In the east of Ku Ku Ku Kun Pyramid, there is a magnificent four-story pyramid, which is called the Warrior Temple. In front and south of the temple is a huge square or round stone pillar, called "Thousand Pillars Group", which is used to support a huge palace. There is a supine figure at the entrance, carved from a huge stone. The ancient Mayans called it "Chakmore" statue, and behind it were two quetzalcoatl gods with big mouths. There are many stone buildings in the old town of Ithaca, Chen Chi, within a few kilometers around the central area of Fiona Fang, all of which are relics of the same era.

Sean Tomb in Zhangjiajie

Pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid

The pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid are one of the important cultural monuments in Mexico. They are famous for their magnificent and unique architectural styles and profound mysteries, and attract many tourists from home and abroad every year.

The pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid are the main components of the ancient ruins of Teotihuakan, an Indian Aztec culture. It is located between the valley of Popocatepel volcano and Esta civatte volcano, 40 kilometers northeast of Mexico City, covering an area of more than 20 square kilometers. Teotihuakan means "the capital of the gods" in Hindi.

Pyramid of the sun was built in the 2nd century A.D., and it is trapezoidal, facing east and west. Its interior consists of 2.5 million tons of soil and sand. Its exterior is paved and inlaid with huge volcanic rocks, and colorful patterns are carved on the stones. The tower is 654.38+00,000 cubic meters high, divided into five floors and 65 meters high. There are 236 steps on the front, which can reach the top of the tower directly. There used to be a 10-meter-high Sun Temple at the top of the tower, which was the place where ancient Indians sacrificed to the sun god.

The Moon Pyramid was built about 200 years later than pyramid of the sun, facing south, with a tower body of 380,000 cubic meters, four floors and a height of 46 meters. More than 200 steps go straight to the top, and the inclination angle of each step is different, which is intriguing. The stones piled up outside are painted with colorful snake heads with feather collars, and there are many murals symbolizing the rain god composed of corn cobs. The wide square in front of the tower can accommodate tens of thousands of people.

Pyramid of the sun and Moon Pyramid are located in the east and north of Teotihuacan Street respectively. "Yellow Avenue" is 4 kilometers long and 45 meters wide, running through the whole city from north to south. At the southern end of the street is a large building complex of the ancient city. At that time, it was a religious, trade and administrative center, and now it has become the location of museums, shopping malls and management offices. Opposite the castle covering an area of 67,500 square meters, there is a Quetzalcoatl Temple. Now the temple has been destroyed, but the temple base still exists, and the head of the feather snake on the slope of the temple base is lifelike. On the west side of the northern end of the street is the famous Butterfly Palace, which was the most prosperous area of the ancient city at that time. The stone pillars in the palace are carved with exquisite butterfly wings and bird reliefs, which are vivid and colorful. The Sun-Moon Pyramid in Teotihuacan is comparable to the pyramids in Egypt in architectural scale and art..

According to historical records, the residents of Teotihuacan first appeared in 800 BC, and by 450 AD, the city had a population of 200,000 in its heyday. At that time, agriculture was quite developed, local residents were able to build terraces, dig canals for irrigation, plant crops such as corn, tomatoes, cotton, cocoa and tobacco, and the handicraft industry also had a certain scale. The ancient city has frequent trade exchanges with various places and has gradually become the center of religion, politics, economy, trade and social culture. Teotihuacan's influence also extended to Guatemala and other Central American countries. It was the largest city in the United States at that time and one of the world's metropolises. Until the beginning of the 8th century, the ancient city was suddenly abandoned into ruins and its residents disappeared.

There are different opinions about the reasons why the ancient city of Teotihuacan went from prosperity to extinction. One theory is that due to the invasion and burning of Toltec people, residents migrated south until a large area of Guatemala; Another way of saying this is that due to the epidemic of plague, residents moved northward and created Tula culture.

Scientists have not reached a unified conclusion about pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid. Archaeologists found a natural cave under the foundation of pyramid of the sun. Many ancient sacrificial relics were found in four secret rooms at the end of the cave, but there were no coffins. Therefore, they believe that, unlike the Egyptian pyramids, pyramid of the sun in Teotihuacan is not a mausoleum, but a place where gods are sacrificed.

In recent years, some astronomers have put forward a new viewpoint that the orientation of Teotihuacan pyramid of the sun and the Moon Pyramid has a subtle relationship with the astrological coordinates of the Milky Way. Mexican scientists also tried to use the most advanced meson detector to take a perspective view of the interior of Teotihuacan pyramid of the sun to solve the Millennium mystery. But in any case, the exquisite murals, sculptures and painted pottery in Teotihuacan site are the treasures of ancient Mexican Indian culture and the crystallization of Indians' diligence, courage and wisdom.

Of course, the following are just rumors.

Pyramid of khufu:

A mysterious and not scary place.

1. Once, a local woman went in and washed her face with the water inside, which actually played a rejuvenation role! Everyone who has seen her says that she is much younger.

After someone was injured, he washed the wound with the water inside. As a result, he was surprised to find that washing the wound with the water inside was better than using any medicine, and the wound soon closed.

3. Put a bunch of flowers that have almost completely withered, and in a few days, this bunch of flowers has actually recovered its original appearance, and it is still fragrant! !

There are many unexpected things that even scientists can't explain.