What is the origin of mankind?

Question 1: How did people come from and how did people evolve? There are two main theories: evolution. According to the theory of evolution, the origin of human beings is Charles. After Darwin put forward the theory of evolution, he gradually developed a theory that human beings originated from apes and gradually developed from primates through a long evolutionary process. This theory has been supported by some biologists and archaeologists. Like other theories developed from the theory of evolution, this theory also faces many challenges and unexplained phenomena. Creationism is a theory that the origin of the universe, the origin of life and the appearance of human beings are all created by supernatural gods or creators. Different races in the world have different creationism. Creationism has also been supported by some scientists, but this theory is considered too religious, so people generally agree with evolution.

Supplement:

To supplement the evolutionary point of view, most of today's evolution theory is based on Charles? Darwin's theory of evolution has become one of the core ideas of contemporary biology. Darwin's theory of evolution is based on natural selection and land selection. In his later years, Darwin added an evolutionary theory different from natural selection to emphasize the importance of mating competition for evolution. Natural selection refers to the genetic characteristics of organisms. Under the restriction of the natural environment, in the competition for survival, if a certain trait has advantages or disadvantages, the inferior one is not conducive to survival and is eliminated by the environment, while the superior one can reproduce and pass on the superior traits to the offspring. This is the so-called "natural selection, survival of the fittest". Site selection theory shows that the same species are separated by topographic obstacles, such as continental movement of the earth's crust or islands separated by the sea. After a long time, species have different characteristics, such as Asian elephants and African elephants. According to the definition of natural selection, China people often equate evolution with evolution, which is actually wrong, because the quality of characters depends on the objective environment of the earth at that time. For example, the thick fur and high body fat of ice age creatures may be beneficial to survival, but once the climate warms up during the ice age, these traits may not be conducive to regulating body temperature. Therefore, long-term evolution does not evolve in the direction of progress, but determines which traits are the "fittest" of the environment. When Darwin's theory of evolution was put forward, it was a pity that Mendel's gene discovery was not noticed by the world. Therefore, the essential basis of Darwin's theory of evolution is not supported by genetic science, but only a summary of the observation of biological phenomena. During the period of 1930, some scientists combined Darwin's theory of evolution with Mendelian genetics, that is, modern synthesis theory, which became a complete theory of contemporary biological evolution. With the development of molecular biology, the connotation of evolutionary chemistry has changed from natural selection of "traits" to natural selection of "genes". In contemporary evolutionary chemistry and taxonomy, the homologous relationships among many species are represented by phylogenetic trees, and their identification methods are constructed by combining DNA sequencing with statistics. After the phylogenetic tree among species is established as a computer database, it is very helpful to other disciplines, such as analyzing the relationship between protein in protein omics, or using protein of one species with known structure to help establish protein structure of another species.

Question 2: What is the evolution of human beings? Where did the first people come from? Evolutionary theory says that people evolved from apes, Catholicism and Christianity say that people were created by God, Buddhist scriptures say that people descended from the sky, people who believe in flying saucers say that people on earth were transformed by aliens, and some people say that people on earth were raised by aliens as soon as possible. Is that so? Or is it all wrong?

First, follow in Darwin's footsteps.

1835, biologist Darwin came to the Galapagos Islands and saw that most of the creatures on each island, whether birds, lizards, elephants or turtles, were the same, but there were some small differences. Darwin was puzzled and began to think, so he thought that the biological differences on the islands were caused by the different foraging environments. After returning to China, he put forward the hypothesis of "the origin of species", which influenced the biology field 100 years.

One hundred and fifty-two years later, from the end of March to the beginning of April in 1987, Mr. Pan Jian Hong and I came to the Galapagos Islands. Perhaps this is the record of people from Taiwan Province Province landing on this island for the first time. During the five-day trip, I experienced such a long fishing boat life for the first time in my life. I threw up all over my stomach, like a crumpled plastic bag. I also experienced the taste of being grilled by the scorching sun on the island in the middle of the Pacific Ocean just below the equator. After our legs were burned by the blazing sun, we couldn't wear pants because they felt extremely painful.

Here, I observe all kinds of local creatures and think about Darwin's thoughts. The same observation leads to different conclusions. Darwin thought that the original finches were all the same. Now, some islands have bigger and shorter beaks, while others have longer and sharper beaks. It is precisely because they peck at different seeds and plants that their beaks change slowly from generation to generation, and so do today's finches. In this process, finches that cannot adapt to the environment and remain unchanged will not survive. This is "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest", but I have also observed it, but I have doubts. If it is true according to the theory of evolution, then giraffes have to stretch their necks to eat high leaves because the short grass has been eaten up, so their necks are getting longer and longer. But the longer the giraffe's neck, the more inconvenient it is to bow down to the river to drink water. They must spread their feet like a figure of eight to reduce their height so that their necks can touch the water. This dangerous posture makes people uncomfortable and vulnerable to animal attacks, so giraffes can also be extinct because of their long necks, but they can survive because of their short necks. After following in Darwin's footsteps, I deeply feel that his views are completely wrong. This one-sided view was regarded as "biological imperial edict" by later biologists without strict scientific test. I really don't know how to describe those scientists who believe in evolution. Since then, I have more confirmed the fallacy of evolution, so I firmly believe that people on earth did not evolve from apes!

Second, why do you believe in evolution?

Supporters of the theory of evolution say that higher animals evolved from lower animals, and all the relationships in the biological world are like a big tree, born of the same origin. Lower organisms are like roots, and higher species are like branches. In this way, evolution is continuous and gradually improved. This is a famous "evolutionary tree" in biology. If this is the case, from a simple lower organism to another complex higher organism, there must be countless generations of organisms with different shapes and slight differences. But so far, archaeology has not found such a discovery, and all kinds of creatures are "self-contained" and no intermediate creatures can be found.

The theory of evolution says that the process of animal evolution is as follows: primitive single-celled microorganisms, multicellular microorganisms, lower organisms in the ocean, crustaceans, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals, primates, apes and humans. Archaeology has never found a creature between the two categories, so how did it evolve from one category to a higher category? Archaeology says these are "lost links", but there is no such connection at all, so it can't be found in the earth's crust. Originally, all kinds existed separately.

Evolutionary theory also believes that the genes of organisms are basically fixed, but occasionally mutate, which will produce individuals slightly different from the previous generation, and this characteristic can be passed on to the next generation, so the difference from generation to generation will become bigger and bigger, so mutation is the evidence of evolutionary theory. However, according to statistics, more than 99% of mutations are abnormal, harmful, defective, and even fatal, not beneficial, appropriate, and positive changes, and individuals after mutations often do not live long in the natural environment, so biological mutations are only a few, not many, and mutations are degradation rather than evolution. There will be mutations in organisms, but only changes in size, color, etc. Its basic structure ...

Question 3: The legend of human origin: Nu Wa made man.

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After the opening of heaven and earth, there were sun, moon and stars in the sky, mountains and rivers and plants on the ground, even birds, animals, insects and fish, but no human beings. At this time, a magical goddess named Nu Wa appeared. It is said that she can change it seventy times a day. One day, Nu Wa, a great god, walked on this desolate land and looked around, feeling very lonely. She thinks something should be added between heaven and earth to make it alive.

Walking, she was a little tired and occasionally squatted down by a pool. The clear pool saw her face and figure; She smiled, and the shadow by the pool smiled back at her; She pretended to be angry, and the shadow in the pool was angry with her. She suddenly had a brainwave: there are all kinds of creatures in the world, but none is like herself, so why not create a creature like herself to join the world?

Thinking about it, she conveniently dug out a lump of yellow mud from the pool, mixed it with water, held it in her hand, squeezed it, and squeezed it into the first doll-like little thing.

She put this little thing on the ground. Strangely, the little clay-kneading guy came to life as soon as he touched the ground. He shouted, "Mom!" " "

She named her beloved child Ren.

Although the human body is small, it is said that because it was created by God, it looks and behaves a bit like God, which is different from birds and reptiles. From this point of view, there seems to be an extraordinary spirit to manage the universe.

Nu Wa is very satisfied with her work. So, she continued to do her work. She made many lovely talking and walking little people out of yellow mud. These little people jumped around her and cheered, which made her feel unspeakable joy and comfort.

She is bent on filling the earth with these sensitive little creatures. However, the earth is too big after all. She worked for a long time but didn't achieve her wish, and she was exhausted herself.

Finally, she came up with a wonderful way to create human beings. She tore off a dead vine from the cliff, plunged it into the mire and stirred it into muddy yellow mud. When the mud splashed on the ground, many little people screamed and jumped around, just like the little people made of yellow mud. The shouts of "mom" and "mom" echoed around.

This is really simple and easy. With a wave of his walking stick, many living people appeared, and soon, the earth was covered with human traces.

Although there are human beings on the earth, Nu Wa's work has not stopped. She thought again: people are going to die. Do you want to create another batch after death? This is too much trouble. How can we keep them alive?

Later, she finally figured out a way to divide those little people into men and women, let men and women cooperate and let them create their own offspring. Human beings have continued from generation to generation, and they are increasing day by day.

After Nu Wa created mankind, she was silent for many years, and mankind has been living a happy life.

Unexpectedly, one year, the universe suddenly changed a lot.

Half of the sky collapsed, revealing some ugly big holes in the sky, and the ground also burst into black holes. In this great change, the mountain forest ignited a raging fire; Floods gushed out of the ground, the waves soared, and the earth became an ocean. Humans have been unable to survive, and at the same time, they are suffering from all kinds of evil birds and beasts that have escaped from forest fires.

Nu Wa was very sad to see her child suffer such a terrible disaster. She didn't have time to investigate the cause of the mess, so she quickly started her own work and tried to repair the broken world.

First, she chose many colorful stones in the river, made a fire, melted them into paste-like liquid, and then filled the ugly holes in the sky with these paste-like liquids. Looking closely, although it is still a little different, it looks almost the same as the original scene from a distance.

Afraid that the mended sky would collapse again, she killed another turtle, cut off its four feet, and used them to stand around the earth as Tianzhu, supporting the sky above human heads like a tent. These pillars are so strong that the sky is no longer in danger of collapsing.

At that time, at ... >>

Question 4: When did the origin of human beings come? 1. the origin of life: 4.6 billion years ago, the newly formed earth was a lifeless world. At that time, the sky was red and sunny, with lightning and thunder, volcanic eruption on the ground and brilliant lava. Methane, ammonia, hydrogen, water vapor and other gases ejected from volcanoes surround the earth's surface, forming a primitive atmosphere. The original atmosphere is completely different from the present atmosphere. There is no oxygen and no ozone layer. The ultraviolet rays of the sun shine directly on the ground. Under the long-term action of great natural conditions such as ultraviolet rays, cosmic rays, lightning and high temperature, various components in the primitive atmosphere are constantly synthesized or decomposed to form various simple organic substances, creating material conditions for the emergence of primitive life.

Later (about 3.9 billion years ago), the temperature of the earth gradually decreased, but volcanic eruptions were still frequent and the crust changed. Some places rise to form plateaus and mountains, while others fall to form depressions and valleys. At the same time, the water vapor in the atmosphere is also increasing. When the water vapor is saturated and cooled, it will fall to the ground as rain and flow into the depression, forming a primitive ocean. Simple organic matter in the primitive atmosphere also enters the primitive ocean with rain. In the primitive ocean, these simple organic substances constantly react under certain conditions, and after a very long time, they gradually form primitive life. Therefore, the primitive ocean is the cradle of primitive life.

Summary: It can be seen that primitive life was gradually formed from inanimate matter under the conditions of primitive earth.

Scientists have also carried out a lot of scientific experiments to study the origin of life. 1965, China biologists synthesized a simple protein molecule-crystalline bovine insulin for the first time. 1953, American scholar Miller simulated the original atmospheric composition for the first time and synthesized simple organic matter. These experiments are of great significance for people to understand the origin of life. Although people don't know much about the detailed process of the origin of life at present, with the development of science and technology and the improvement of research methods, human beings will one day uncover all the secrets of the origin of life.

Second, the course of biological evolution:

The appearance of primitive life opened a new era of biological evolution and development. After the birth of primitive life, due to the different nutritional methods, some primitive life evolved into primitive algae with chlorophyll for autotrophic; Some primitive life evolved into primitive single-celled animals, which had no chlorophyll and lived on ready-made organic matter. These primitive algae and primitive single-celled animals evolved into various plants and animals.

This is an animal evolutionary tree. From the bottom of the trunk to the top of the tree shows the evolution of animals and plants. The closer plants or animals are to the base of the trunk, the longer and lower they will appear from now on; The closer to the treetops, the closer plants or animals look from now on, the higher they are, and so on. There are two big branches on the trunk. The one on the left represents the evolution of animals and the one on the right represents the evolution of plants. There are many small branches on each branch, which in turn shows the evolutionary order and status of plants and animals of various groups.

1 Plant evolution: There are four main types of plants in nature: algae, bryophytes, ferns and seed plants, including gymnosperms and angiosperms.

(1) Algae mostly live in water, with single cell and multi-cell, simple structure and undifferentiated roots, stems, leaves and other organs.

Q: The characteristics of each biological group reflect their position in the process of evolution. According to the characteristics of algae, where should we put it in the phylogenetic tree?

A: The characteristics of algae show that the macro world is a lower plant group, so it should be located on the bottom branch of the evolutionary tree.

(2) Bryophytes generally have stems and leaves, but there is no conducting tissue in the stems and leaves, so the fertilization process cannot be separated from water, which is suitable for living in a humid environment.

(3) Pteridophytes have real roots, stems and leaves, and there are conductive tissues and relatively developed mechanical tissues in the roots, stems and leaves. These plants are so tall that they can't be fertilized without water, and most of them live in a humid environment.

Bryophytes and ferns have evolved from primitive algae for a long time. But judging from their characteristics, ferns are more adaptable to land life than bryophytes. So ferns are higher than bryophytes.

Because of the structure and reproductive characteristics of bryophytes, the further development of bryophytes to terrestrial life is limited, and some primitive ferns gradually evolved into seed plants because they better adapted to terrestrial life.

Question: Seeds ... >>

Question 5: Why doesn't Buddhism say where people come from? What is the origin of mankind? Yes, you did. You just don't know. You can read "The Origin of the World" in the Hinayana Classic, and also in agama. The Mahayana classic fundamentally talks about the ins and outs of the world and various laws, such as the Shurangama Sutra on the top of the Buddha. Just study hard.

Question 6: Where did human beings first originate? Why do people always say that our ancestors came from Africa? The so-called experts are a bunch of nonsense guys. It should be the earliest origin of all continents with stems. How could China's ancestors have migrated from Africa?