Introduction to photography? Analysis of the terminology of super-complete photography

Introduction to photography! Analysis of the terminology of super-complete photography

When we first started to learn photography, didn't everyone know the technical terms? What is an aperture? What is a shutter? What is sensitivity? Looking at these technical terms, do you feel that your head is getting bigger? What do you mean by sharing the technical terms of photography with you today?

hole

Aperture is a device to control the amount of light entering the camera, which consists of a group of blades. The opening and closing of the blade controls the size of the aperture, thus affecting the amount of light entering the camera. The aperture is denoted by F, usually in the form of F2.8

The greater the f value, the smaller the aperture, the less the amount of light, and the darker the photo; The larger the F value, the smaller the aperture, the less light entering and the darker the photo.

shutter

Shutter is also a device to control the amount of light entering the camera. It affects the amount of light entering the camera by controlling the time when the light enters the camera. It usually appears in the form of1100s or 1/250s.

The larger the shutter value, the slower the speed, the more light entering, and the brighter the photo; The smaller the shutter value, the faster the speed, the less light and the darker the photo.

speed

Sensitivity is a numerical value used to express the sensitivity of camera sensor to light, which is expressed by ISO, and is generally expressed in the form of ISO 100.

The greater the ISO value, the more sensitive it is to light and the brighter the photo. The smaller the ISO value, the less sensitive to light and the darker the photo.

Sensitivity will affect the image quality. The higher the sensitivity, the rougher the image quality. Therefore, the higher the sensitivity setting, the better.

Exposure; expose

Exposure is what we often call "the brightness of a photo", which is completed by the interaction of aperture, shutter and sensitivity, and can be adjusted by exposure compensation.

Camera shooting mode

There are six common shooting modes for cameras:

1.A+ fully automatic mode

2.p program automatic mode

3.Av aperture priority mode

4. TV shutter priority mode

5.m Full Manual Mode

6.SCN scene automatic mode

The A+ automatic mode is that the camera system automatically sets all shooting parameters, which is the easiest to operate, but it will also affect the shooting accuracy. P program automatic mode can set some parameters by itself, which is slightly more accurate than A+ automatic mode, and is most recommended for beginners.

Av aperture priority mode can set its own aperture value, which is very suitable for shooting portraits, night scenes and other scenes that require high depth of field and exposure.

The TV shutter priority mode can set the shutter speed by itself, which is suitable for scenes with high shutter requirements. For example, shooting M full manual mode such as light track and athletes requires setting various parameters, which is relatively difficult to operate. It is not recommended for beginners.

Storage format of photos

There are two storage formats for photos: RAW and IPEG.

RAW format will retain the detailed information of photos, which is convenient for later retouching. But the file memory is very large, which requires a lot of storage space.

The detailed information of JPEG format photos is saved very little, and the corresponding memory occupied by files will be small, which is more convenient for management.

So if you need retouching later, you can save the RAW format +JPEG format to facilitate retouching. If you don't need retouching, just save the JPEG format directly.

depth of field

The depth of field refers to the distance from the clear part to the blurred part in the picture, which is mainly related to the aperture and focal length.

The larger the aperture, the smaller the depth of field of the photo, and the better the blur effect; The smaller the aperture, the greater the depth of field of the photo, and the worse the blur effect. The larger the focal length, the smaller the depth of field, and the better the blur effect; The smaller the focal length, the greater the depth of field, and the worse the blur effect.

So if you want to take close-ups of people (the background is blurred), you can choose a large aperture lens and a telephoto lens.

focal distance

Focal length refers to the distance from the center of the lens to the bottom plate or sensor in the camera, usually in mm, which is marked on the lens of the camera, such as 50mm (only one numerical value specifies the focal lens) and 18-55mm (a numerical range refers to the zoom lens).

colour temperature

The color temperature is divided into cold color temperature and warm color temperature according to the cold and warm temperature, which is expressed by K. Generally, the color temperature of natural light is around 4500 K. The larger the value, the colder the photo will be, and the smaller the value, the warmer the photo will be.

We can adjust the color temperature of the photo by adjusting the white balance of the camera.

white balance

The function of white balance is to restore the original color of the object, which is a very important parameter for the camera to control the color.

contrast

Refers to the difference range between the brightest point and the darkest point in the same image. If the difference is big, the contrast is big and the difference is small, the contrast is small.

Light-dark dividing line

The line from darkness to light is the dividing line between light and darkness. In the case of shooting with dazzling light, the boundary between light and shade will be very obvious, while in the case of shooting with soft light, the boundary between light and shade will be very small and almost invisible.

noise

In the process of receiving signals and converting them into images, camera sensors will produce some rough points, which are noise. If the camera sensitivity value is set too high, the picture will produce a lot of noise, which will affect the shooting quality.

Out of focus

The focus point determined by the camera through the autofocus system deviates from the actual focus point, which is called defocusing.

murky corners

When the shooting brightness is relatively uniform, the brightness of the four corners of the picture will decrease, which is also called "loss of light"

Technical terms of lens

Meng: It mainly refers to Canon's 50mm, F 1.8 lens, and now it generally refers to 50mm lens.

Dog head: refers to a set of lenses, which is a very introductory lens. At present, Canon 18-55 mm lens is more representative.

Red ring lens: refers to a red line on the lens, which is a relatively high-end lens. Generally, it refers to Canon's high-end SLR lens, that is, L lens (EF24-70mm2.8LUSM). There are also gold or yellow rings, which are also better lenses.

Big ternary: refers to the floorboard of the three zoom lenses with constant maximum aperture in F2.8, namely, an ultra-wide angle, a standard zoom and a telephoto, which can cover the most commonly used focal lengths from ultra-wide angle to telephoto (Canon and Sony are 16-200mm, Nikon is 14-200mm, and Pentax is/kloc-0.

Canon-Ultra Wide Angle EF 16-35mm F2.8L III USM? Standard ef 24-70mm2.8l ii USM? Telefocal ef 70-200mm F2.8LIS II USM

Nikon-ultra wide-angle AF-S 14-24 mm F2.8ED standard AF-S24-70 mm F2.8ED VR telephoto AF-S 70-200 mm F2.8E FLED VR

Sony-ultra wide angle 16-35mm F2.8ZA SSMII? Standard 24-70mm F2.8 ZA SSM II? Telephoto 70-200mm F2.8 GSSM II

Small ternary: The floorboard of the three zoom lenses with the maximum aperture F4, which is relatively cheaper than the large ternary and has a small aperture.

Biscuit head: a lens similar to a biscuit in a SLR lens. The maximum aperture is generally only F2.4-2.8.

Terminology of light

Natural light: refers to direct sunlight, which does not involve any flashlight or dimmer, such as artificial sunlight: refers to the light generated by artificially designed instruments and equipment, such as fluorescent lamps and lasers. It should be noted here that incandescent lamp belongs to man-made equipment, but its light is the light generated by tungsten wire electrified and heated at high temperature, which belongs to natural light; Fluorescent lamp is also a kind of artificial equipment. It excites the luminescence emitted by the phosphor through rays, which is not found in nature.

Ambient light: refers to the light sources appearing in the scene, including natural light and artificial light.

Main light source: refers to the main light source among the light sources, which can be sunlight or studio lighting, and the reflector can also be used as the main light source.

Supplementary light: it is a light source second only to the main light, and is mainly used to supplement shadows when shooting. The main methods used are flashlights and reflectors.

Flash: it is a way to increase the amount of light when shooting, which can make the photo scene brighter. The external flash can be connected to the hot start or remote activation of the camera.

Reflector: One of the tools to increase the exposure of photos is to increase the amount of light entering by reflecting light. It is usually made of special white cardboard, which can be white, black, gold, silver and so on.

Strong light: dazzling and messy light, such as the midday sun, will give people a heavy shadow, and we generally don't use it to pat our faces.

Soft light: Scattered light, such as cloudy light, can produce very soft shadows, making photos with low contrast and less texture, which is very suitable for shooting faces.