Steps of making animation

Animation is a very tedious work, and the division of labor is extremely detailed. Usually divided into pre-production, mid-production and post-production. Pre-production includes planning, work setting and fund raising. Mid-term production includes split mirror, original painting, intermediate painting, animation, coloring, background painting, photography, dubbing and recording. Post-production includes editing, special effects, subtitles, synthesis, screening and so on. Scripts: The scripts of cartoons are very different from those of TV and movies. In the comic script, try to avoid complicated dialogue, and mainly tell stories with picture movements. The best animation is to win through funny actions. The fewer lines, the more you can stimulate the imagination of the audience.

Storyboard: The director draws a cartoon-like sketch according to the script and shows the actions described in the script. While drawing the shot, the storyboard should have corresponding actions, lines, time, photography instructions, picture connection and other instructions. Generally, a 30-minute animation script needs to draw about 800 picture storyboards.

Production schedule: the production schedule of the whole film compiled by the director to guide the unified coordination of all parties in the animation creation team. design phase

1. Design. Design work includes character design, scene design, prop design, lens screen design, etc. The design should be carried out according to strict standards, which is convenient for the staff in the next production process.

2. sound. The action of animation must match the music, so the recording and animation are made at the same time. After the recording is completed, the sound accurately corresponds to the position of each picture for the reference of animators.

1. Producer: The producer's job is mainly to plan the production progress, arrange the daily production schedule, find production companies and investment companies, and must work with the executive producer * * * to ensure that all components of the plan can be assembled correctly on time.

2. Supervision: Supervision is a Japanese name and English is Director, that is, director. The director of Japanese animation production is the key to determine the atmosphere style of the whole work, and is in charge of the rhythm, atmosphere and turning point of the story. Even the same role setting, the same painting style and the same production team will have completely different styles because of different directors.

3. Script: English script, the story is written in pure text, including scenes, places, background sound effects, character dialogues, character movements, etc.

4. Painting supervision: modify the finished products of the original painting and animation, and check whether the finished products conform to the character setting and whether the movements are smooth. You can repaint if necessary, so you must be a senior original painter and animator.

5. color assignment: color assignment is called ColorSetting, also called color setting. In English, it is called color setting, color style, color designer, color coordinator, color key and so on. In addition to specifying the intrinsic color, it is more important to specify the shadow color and gradient color required for coloring.

6. Original painting: The original painting is also called Key-Animator. The creation of the original painting is to draw some key pictures of the action by the animator. Drawing the starting picture and ending picture of the characters in the picture on paper in the form of line drawings is a number of key dynamic moments that can reflect the characteristics of a complete action process. It can effectively control the range of motion and accurately and concretely describe the motion characteristics.

7. Intermediate painting: inter-between frame refers to a picture that depicts the changing process between original paintings according to the necessary laws of motion. The function is to fill in the process movements between the original paintings, so that they are close to natural movements.

8. Sound supervision: responsible for the arrangement of insertion soundtrack, preparation of sound effects, dubbing recording, supervision of mixing projects, etc.

9. Role setting: called role setting, responsible for designing the role modeling and clothing style of the debut role. Its job is not only to let the subsequent painters know the appearance of the characters, but also to indicate the facial features, eyes and expressions of the characters, and at the same time to design several characters from different angles.

10. Prop setting: responsible for the design of tools, machinery, vehicles, weapons, etc. In addition to drawing the mechanical shape, you must also mark the detailed structure and motion mode.

1 1. Image splitting: it is the first step to convert words into pictures. Drawing a list needs to be transformed into a picture in your mind and then drawn on paper according to the instructions of the script. The purpose of drawing the split-lens table is to decompose the complete animation into a table with the lens as the unit, and the time, the number of lenses, the lens movement, dialogue, special effects and so on should be marked next to the split-lens.

12. Layout: For example, in a dramatic work, multi-level backgrounds are designed to make each background move at different speeds, which can show a realistic sense of distance. The painter of layout must be aware of the existence of the camera in his mind. Mainly to make up for the director's drawing of the mirror table, carefully present a messy and simple picture, as the basis for the original painting, animation, background and other production. In Mamoru Oshii's works, such as the Movable Police Theater Edition and Ghost in the Shell, a lot of layouts are used. Its characteristic is that 2D paintings can also show 3D visual effects. "

1. Scene: Improve the 3D scene model. Many models (such as buildings, plants, etc. ) needs to be established in this step.

2. Layout: Layout the three-dimensional scene according to the story version. It more accurately reflects the location relationship between the scene layout and the characters. The director can see the accurate information such as the position, length, switching and basic posture of the role to achieve the goal.

3. Key frames: This step requires the animator to make it according to the shots designed in the scenery and layout, that is, to set the key frames of the action, which can already reflect the body movements, expressions and other information of the characters in detail.

4. Action making: After the previous step, the animator can further make animation details according to the key actions. Add extrusion and stretching, following, overlapping, secondary action, etc. (for example, the mouth shape when speaking). At this point, the action of the animator has been completed. This is also the core of the film.

5. Simulation: Making things related to dynamics, such as hair and cloth.

6. Material mapping: make the model characters and background have color and texture, and the model looks more detailed, real and natural.

7. Special effects: This step of special effects is to make fire, smoke, water flow and other effects.

8. Lighting: By placing a virtual light source to simulate the light in nature, the scene will be close to the natural scenery after lighting.

9. Rendering: It is the last step of 3D animation, rendering and outputting the complex data in the computer. The effects of the previous steps need to be rendered before they can be expressed in the form of images.

1. Hardware: including set platform, professional lighting system, smart cameras, fixed professional shooting track, general professional photography platform, etc.

2. Software: StopMotionStudio stop-motion animation software provides all the functions of shooting stop-motion animation, unique contraposition animation, onion skin and real-time keying, which can monitor the shooting effect in real time and effectively avoid rework in the middle and late production during the early shooting process.

3. Toolbox: Provide all tools and accessories needed for stop-motion animation, such as precise metal character skeleton, eyeball, clay modeling tools, acrylic foam landscaping tools, etc.

4.DV: The resolution of a single frame picture is not as high as that of DC, but it looks more intuitive and easier to operate. Moreover, because firewire is directly connected to the computer and the picture is captured at any time through software, it can fully meet the requirements of TV broadcast quality.

5.DC: the imaging quality is quite good, which can completely exceed the quality of TV broadcast. But it is relatively troublesome to operate, because you have to shoot the material and then import it into the computer to see the shooting results clearly.

6. Other tools: clay, rubber, silica gel, soft clay, gypsum, resin clay, etc. It can be used as the main material for making characters. Tools such as aluminum wire, propylene, model paint and sculpture knife are also commonly used materials in the process of making characters. Editing: Cartoons need editing just like movies, but editing is relatively simple. We should combine the shots one by one in order, delete the useless parts appropriately, and edit the combination method at the joint of each shot.

Synthesis: Align the picture with the sound and output the movie.

Printing and distribution.