Basic knowledge of photography (mastering light, structure and exposure)

Photography is an art through which we can record beautiful moments and express our feelings and thoughts. However, it is not easy to take a good photo, and you need to master some basic knowledge and skills. In the initial stage of photography, we need to know three basic elements: light, composition and exposure.

First of all, light

Light is the soul of photography, which directly affects the color, brightness and texture of photos. In the shooting process, we need to pay attention to the following points:

1. Light direction: Different light directions, such as side light, backlight and front light, will bring different effects to photos, so it is necessary to choose the appropriate light direction according to the theme and intention.

2. Light intensity: The intensity of light will affect the brightness of photos. You can control the intensity of light by adjusting the shutter speed and aperture size.

3. Color of light: Different light sources have different color temperatures. For example, the sunlight during the day is blue, while the indoor lights are yellow. We can adjust the color of the photo by setting the white balance.

Second, composition

Composition refers to the arrangement and organization of picture elements during framing. Good composition can make photos more attractive and expressive. Here are some common composition principles:

1. The third segmentation method: dividing the picture into nine equal parts and putting the main body at the intersection can make the picture more layered and balanced.

2. Foreground elements: Adding foreground elements to the picture can increase the depth of field and stereoscopic impression.

3. Diagonal composition: Putting the subject on the diagonal can make the picture more dynamic and guide the lines.

4. Blank space: Rational use of blank space can make the picture more concise and balanced.

Third, exposure

Exposure refers to the control of light when shooting, which directly affects the brightness and details of photos. The following are several common exposure adjustment methods:

1. shutter speed: the shutter speed determines the exposure time of the photoreceptor. The faster the shutter speed, the brighter the photo; The slower the shutter speed, the darker the photo.

2. Aperture size: Aperture size determines the amount of light entering the lens. The larger the aperture, the brighter the photo; The smaller the aperture, the darker the photo.

3.ISO sensitivity: The higher the ISO value, the brighter the photo; The lower the ISO value, the darker the photo. However, it should be noted that high ISO values will bring noise problems.

In practice, we can adjust the light, composition and exposure according to the shooting environment and theme. The following will introduce the specific operation steps respectively.

First, the light adjusting step

1. Observe the direction and intensity of light and decide the shooting angle and position.

2. Adjust the intensity of light as needed, which can be controlled by shutter speed and aperture size.

3. Use a reflector or flash to supplement the light, and increase the brightness and texture of the photo.

4. Pay attention to the color of light, which can be corrected by setting the white balance.

Second, the composition adjustment step

1. Observe the scenery and determine the position and relationship between the subject and the background.

2. Using the third segmentation method, divide the picture into nine equal parts and put the main body at the intersection.

3. Add foreground elements to increase the depth of field and layering.

4. Use diagonal composition to increase movement and guide lines.

5. Pay attention to the balance between picture and blank space. You can achieve the desired effect by adjusting the angle and position.

Thirdly, the exposure adjustment step

1. Choose the appropriate shutter speed and aperture size according to the shooting environment and theme.

2. Adjust the ISO sensitivity as needed, and pay attention to avoid noise caused by too high ISO value.

3. Use the exposure compensation function to adjust the brightness of the photo.

4. Use histogram to judge the exposure of photos to avoid overexposure or underexposure.