It's easier to go to heaven than to go to earth. Why is the earthquake a worldwide problem?

Unable to test, difficult to experiment and difficult to simulate. With the rapid development of science and technology and the changes of the times, the dreams of the ancients are gradually being realized. Didn't you see that Chang 'e IV will be launched soon and will be found on the moon 384,000 kilometers away from the Earth? Have you noticed that the "Eye of China" is located in the south of Guizhou, and its deep eyes point to a vast and deep space? However, it is easier in heaven than on earth. With the development of human society, it is still difficult to accurately predict earthquakes. What's going on here?

Predicting earthquakes is a well-deserved worldwide problem. According to China Earthquake Science Network, this is mainly because: 1. The research object is special. The research object of earthquake prediction is the complex geophysical process that takes place deep underground, and it is invisible. 2. The existing observation methods are indirect. Earthquakes generally occur in the depth of twenty or thirty kilometers underground, so it is difficult for human beings to observe them directly, and they can only rely on ground observation data to infer the internal situation of the earth. 3. It is difficult to carry out experiments and simulations. Earthquake is a large-scale underground rock mass rupture on the earth, and its gestation process spans several years, decades or even longer. It is difficult to describe its essence with classical physics, and it is also difficult to simulate it in the laboratory or in the field. 4. The research results are difficult to test. There may be only one strong earthquake in the same area for decades, hundreds of years or even longer. In different regions and periods, the process and mechanism of earthquakes are very different, so it is difficult to grasp the opportunity to test the research results.

Why are the magnitudes released by different countries different after the earthquake? After the earthquake, all countries will release information related to the earthquake, among which the magnitude is the most obvious because it represents the scale of the earthquake. It has been found that sometimes for the same earthquake, the magnitude measured in China may be different from that measured in other countries. What is this?

Pan Huaiwen, director of China Seismological Network Center, said in an interview with People's Daily that the magnitude released is slightly different, mainly because the method of determining the magnitude is different. At present, China is basically determined by the magnitude of surface waves, and the magnitude is expressed in meters; However, seismic institutions in the United States, Europe and other countries and regions usually use moment magnitude to measure. "So our country and other countries don't use the same scale. This difference is completely normal. You can't simply say who is more accurate. " Pan Huaiwen also said, "China's earthquake monitoring and quick reporting capabilities are at the advanced level in the world. In terms of earthquake monitoring, the lower limit of China's overall monitoring capacity is 3.0, even lower than 2.0 in densely populated areas. In terms of earthquake quick report, China can give the automatic quick report results within 1 minute to 2 minutes after the earthquake, and the official quick report results within 10 minute. " In fact, scientists have made unremitting efforts in earthquake prediction. For example, they found many "natural early warning devices" by observing nature. In addition, with the development of big data technology and computer technology, earthquake prediction technology is coming out of the laboratory, and ordinary people can also participate in the process of collecting and transmitting earthquake information.