Help me make a simple three-dimensional renderings of the house.

Graphic types of engineering drawing (mechanical drawing)

1, border type: the outline is basically horizontal or vertical, with dimensions.

2. Point-centered type: The edges are mostly arc-shaped and connected by flat bones.

3. Symmetry type: up and down or left and right symmetry.

A, border graphics

1, drawing method of border graphics

Draw an outer border along the dimension line.

Push the internal parts from the outside to the inside along the dimension line.

2. Such graphics involve knowledge.

⑴ Unknown line segment: unknown and undefined line segment (underlined after the unknown line segment in the figure).

⑵ Pruning: Various pruning methods (single pruning, multiple pruning, all selection and none selection).

⑶ Rounding: Two straight lines, rectangles, parallel lines and circles can be rounded.

(4) Chamfering: right angle (three types)-inclined at 45 degrees (that is, the distance between two sides of chamfer is equal, marked as C)- inverted unequal angle-angular chamfer.

5] Interrupt: Two types (the first click on this point is the default starting point; Redefining the starting and ending points)

[6] Object capture: Pick up some fixed points of the object (transparent command: a command that does not interrupt the current execution of the command, such as the commonly used dynamic switch such as the on and off of capture and tracking). There are automatic snapshot and target snapshot in the snapshot.

(7) Object tracking: keep a certain relationship with the capture point (horizontal and vertical), and the tracking point is effective even once. Key tracking: TT, TK, slave, polar axis tracking

Second, draw the toolbar.

This bank (omitted)

4.XLINE: Making tables and auxiliary lines, etc.

3. Broken lines: straight lines and arcs (these are commonly used in engineering drawings).

4. Rectangle: ID command

⒌ Polygon: Regular hexagon is commonly used in mechanical drawing and octagon is commonly used in building plan.

Know the distance between two vertices by I method

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[6] Roundness: Engineering drawing (mechanical drawing) is rarely replaced by drawing a tangent circle.

⒎ Circle: 2P, 3P, TTR

⒏ Spline curve: expression form: lake in plan view, fracture line and boundary line in engineering drawing, etc.

? Multi-line: The building plane involves the wall.

the third part

This section focuses on the drawing method, tangency and editing toolbar of dim sum diagram.

Drawing: White Map-Basemap-Blueprint

I. Point-centered graphics

1. drawing method: determine and draw important layout lines (dotted lines and dimension line)-draw known lines-connect unknown lines-trim and clean up (trim complex objects in the required left and right directions). There are many skills to draw such figures.

2, involving tangency: straight line and circle (straight line and single circle single point; Tangent point TAN forces the capture of tangent points on straight lines and double circles)

Circle and circle: 8 tangent circles.

Circle and straight line

3. Use grips (key points of objects)

Second, editing tools.

1, display: two ways

2. move; Pay attention to the choice of base points.

3. copy; Pay attention to multiple replication

4. offset: it is not the same as copying t.

5. Rotation: Pay attention to the base point (R)

6. Stretching: The selection method of CP is often used in the stretching part of the object to be selected.

7. Elongation and extension can be replaced by grip editing.

Three right-click menus (Do not select, select and command)

Three. Contents of standard engineering drawing: (Drawing elements)

1. Drawing: the size of the drawing.

2, the title and title bar border

3. Graphics: The most important graphics.

4. Notes and annotations; Drawing-based.

5. Note: If technical requirements are met.

6. Layer

A, symmetrical graphics

1, and its drawing method:

Draw a symmetrical line

Draw half according to the drawing method of the border figure.

mirror image

fill up

2. Tools involved.

⑴ Mirror image: the difference of mirror lines and the mirror image of characters.

⑵ Pattern filling: Only 45-degree diagonal lines and ANSI patterns can be used in mechanical drawing, and other patterns can be used in buildings (different objects should be given different materials, and the angle and proportion of materials should be modified).

Pay attention to association and non-association when filling in.

When there is no boundary filling, make the boundary first and then fill it.

Islanding detection

(3) grip editing (key points, main points of objects)

Second, multi-view graphics (graphics with multiple views)

Problems needing attention in drawing multi-view graphics

Instead of completing multiple views at once.

Preference should be given to views that are easy to draw.

Learn to find dimensions in other views.

Calculation principle in drawing

In general, the calculation does not exceed two steps.

Three. Worksheets and title bars

1. Types and formats of map sheets

2. Title bar and matters needing attention in mechanical drawing.

Definition of multiline and building plan

First, the use of multiple lines

Multiline format

Scale: it will be enlarged when it is permanently 1, 1.

Alignment: The upper alignment starts from the outer wall edge.

If there is no match, start from the center line.

Low pair regularization takes the interior wall line as the starting point.

Second, the knowledge block

Third, the building plan

In architectural design, the most basic drawing in architectural construction drawing: plan.

1. Building plan: It is the horizontal section of the house. Suppose the house will cut the door and window openings with a horizontal plane and get the orthographic drawing.

2, drawing steps

Set drawing restrictions and switch to building restrictions.

Define multiline formats (that is, multiline formats for interior and exterior walls)

Draw the outline according to the drawing method of the outline map.

Draw the interior wall along the wall size.

Modify multi-line cross format

Explode the multiline and trim it to preserve the position of the door.

Define doors, window blocks, and insert blocks

Draw stairs and railings

Insert internal facility block

3. Public building facilities

Doors and windows:

The distance between the door and the middle edge of the wall is 250MM or 200MM and the width of the door is about 950MM (single door).

The thickness of the window is often 362MM, the length of the second window is about 1.5 m, and the third window is about1.8 m.

In the figure, the external wall is generally 360MM and the internal wall is 240 mm.

4, comprehensive building plan

Draw a wall marker line (wall axis)

Record the coordinates of the wall line through which the wall passes and draw it in turn.

Draw according to the general plan drawing method.

Fourth, the home improvement plan

Building plan with clear internal facilities

1, details

Some items in the drawing: You can find them in the DesignCenter file of CAD and change the properties of the available objects to be scaled.

In the drawing, there are internal facilities, which means that a single file is not needed, and most dimensions are marked on the inside.

2, drawing steps

The previous steps are the same as the building plan.

The next steps are:

Insert furniture

Filling (mainly used for walls and floors)

Convert to bitmap

Select the color block to decorate.

Verb (abbreviation for verb) drawing steps

Determine the map page (and set the environment)

Determine the layer

Drawing shape

mark

Annotation text and title bar

general layout

print

1, layer

Layers are used because complex drawings are often completed by many people, and it is also convenient to find and print different parts, and it is also convenient to look at pictures.

General mechanical drawing layer: 0 layer (outer contour layer; Symmetric line layer; Non-contour layer; Filling layer; Text layer; Label the layer.

General building layer: wall layer; Midline layer; Filling layer; Internal facilities layer; Door and window layer; Text layer; Label layer; Pipeline layer.

Layer management:

On/Off: Editable and input are not displayed.

Freeze: No ... No ... No. ...

Locked: Visible and non-editable.

Building facade, furniture facade, building profile and related knowledge and writing on furniture.

altitude

According to the orthographic projection method, each vertical plane of an object is projected on the projection plane parallel to it, and the straight line reaches the orthographic projection.

A, building elevation

Its drawings mainly show the shape and modeling of the building, the surface materials, colors and various external facilities of the building.

1. Name: house orientation: east elevation, south elevation, west elevation and north elevation.

Entrance or house shape: front elevation, back elevation, left and right elevation.

Axis numbers at both ends: ① ~ ② elevation.

2. Drawings:

Draw the horizon

Draw the external frame of the building

Draw its inner lines.

Draw doors, windows, etc. And edit them.

3. The drawing method of building profile (profile) is similar to this.

4, a full set of home improvement engineering drawings list:

Building plan

Home improvement plan (color map of various facilities)

Elevation renderings

Ceiling renderings

Three-dimensional renderings

List of home improvement materials: materials and expenses

Final statement of home improvement project: estimation, budget and final account.

A set of furniture drawings

Second, the furniture facade

1, box-type furniture: (box-type) draw an outline with a straight line; Draw doors and handrails, etc.

2. Panel furniture: (empty) wooden board with rectangular frame.

3, furniture design principles: can enter the door (width), can be placed in the house (length), can put things (height).

Observe the golden section: (between length, width and height)

Working principle of human blood: sitting high, touching high (by hand) and lying prone (on the table)

4, home improvement design and production basis:

Common door and window sizes

..... material size

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

............. characteristics: color, reflectivity, hardness, pattern.

..... Construction method and field mapping (machinery)

Senior home improvement designer

Color perception rate (numerical value instead of color, approximate range)

Artistic creative ability

Sense of space (three-dimensional model probably feels)

Label and Environment Settings and Layout

I. Marking

1, composition of label:

Extension line, dimension line, dimension arrow, text.

2. Marking standard: the extension line is 2~3MM away from the origin.

................. is 3 ~ 5 mm ahead of dimension line.

The text and arrow are the same size, and the proportion is moderate.

3. Tag type

Linetype: Only horizontal and vertical lines are marked.

Alignment: The inclined part can be marked.

Radius: a curved part (the diameter can be represented by two radius dimensions)

Angle: You can mark four angles.

Coordinates: commonly used for nautical charts, horizontal mark Y and vertical mark X, or manual text input.

Center: The center of the table.

Leader: Pay attention to the settings in the leader (type, arrow, attachment, etc. ).

Quick Label: Make multiple quick labels.

Baseline: mostly used for mechanical drawing (the baseline spacing should be greater than the word height. )

Continuous: mostly used in architectural drawings (pay attention to tracking and capturing)

Note: Baseline and continuous dimensions should be higher than linear, radial and angular dimensions.

Tolerance: that is, error, which is divided into dimensional tolerance and geometric tolerance.

Dimensional tolerance: symmetrical tolerance: the upper and lower offsets are equal.

Limit tolerance: (the scale can be changed when the height is different)

..... size: calculation of final effect display.

Shape and position tolerance: tolerance of shape and position (often used in mechanical drawing)

Building plans: marking with centerline method

Home improvement plan: marking the inner edge

Skill operation (applying dimension styles from another drawing to another drawing)

The first method: copy method, that is, there must be a new style in the label style to be copied, and the labels in it can be copied and pasted into another document.

The second method; You can drag the dimension style you want into a new document in DesignCenter.

Second, the use of label style and its modification

Use of substitution

Use modification (only comment on the part we want to modify)

The use of new buildings

Third, environmental settings.

Explain the relevant knowledge in "Options"

Just say what we often need to modify.

Symmetry, parallelism, verticality, position and coaxiality

Surface profile cylindricity flatness roundness jump roundness

Inclined line profile

General dielectric conditions of materials

The maximum condition of material and the minimum condition of material.

floor

Layer name color line type

DIM marked with solid green lines.

CEN Central Layer Red Institute 200W 10

Hat part purple solid line

HID dotted layer blue ACAD200W 10

Outer contour solid white line

Spring thread yellow solid line

The title frame and title bar are solid blue lines.

TXT text blue or white solid line

3D concepts and basic entities, 3D editing

Xiangsiyue

Inscription: The song of my hometown is a flute in Qingyuan, which always rings on a moonlit night. -Xi Murong

Jingjing's campus is full of lush and mottled trees, bearing a long moon. Such a night reminds me of poetry and is full of profound thoughts.

The moon is full tonight. Wandering people! A glass spilled will fall into the pool of thinking. In the attic of the ancient capital Chang 'an, does Li Bai miss the moonlight in his hometown like me? The foot of my bed is shining so brightly. Is there frost already? I looked up at the moon and looked down, feeling nostalgic. A cup of turbid water will make you miss the ground.

CAD modeling should cooperate with 3D renderer.

First, three-dimensional basic knowledge

Modeling: building a model

Three-dimensional coordinates: finger rule, right hand rule

Coordinate transformation: motion, three points, rotation.

Physical observation: observer (four methods)

Three-dimensional decomposition: once for the surface, twice for the line.

Three-dimensional perception: blanking observation, coloring, wireframe

Viewports: two viewports

Base surface: The solid center has a surface on the surface formed by the XY axis.

Region, boundary

Second, the basic entity diagram (contour)

Third, the entity editor:

1, set operation: intersection, difference set and union set.

2. Stretching: the angle is that the positive side is drawn and the negative side is drawn. At this time, along the path, it should be noted that the path is perpendicular to the plane of the base surface.

3. Rotation: It should be a plane and the axis can only be on one side of the rotation plane.

4. Cutting: Cut the object into two parts, some of which may or may not be left. The function is to remove molded objects; Three-dimensional cutting is performed to form a cross-sectional view.

5. Cutting: forming a sectional view.

6. 3D operation: alignment (using three points)

Fourth, simple entity: consistency of direction.

1. Drawing method: Draw sections in all directions according to the view.

Stretch to the length of another view.

edit

set operation

Five, furniture perspective:

Box: Draw the section with a straight line, and then draw the attachment after drawing.

Plate type: draw the base surface of each plate with a rectangular frame-stretch-draw the attachment.

Three-dimensional volume modeling

First, three-dimensional editing

Fillet: The edges connected by smooth edges should have the same fillet radius, and the connected objects should be filleted once. If you want to fillet different edges with different radii, you can choose a radius for one edge, then enter r and the diameter value of the other half.

Shell Extraction: When shell extraction, you can only select visible faces when deleting faces.

Note: When the entity has fillet and shell extraction, the fillet should be rounded before shell extraction.

Engraving: It is best to engrave multiple parts on the plane together.

Stretch surface: Stretch the surface on the solid, with the stretching value outward, otherwise stretch along the path. Note that the plane where the path is located should be perpendicular to the extrusion surface. If there is a fillet in the path, its radius is greater than the radius of the extruded surface.

Stretching applies only to a single face. Extruded faces are suitable for faces on solids, both of which are extruded along paths, and the requirements are the same.

3D operations: alignment (using three points)

Rotate: On an axis

Mirror image: take one side as mirror image.

Array: Perform array operations in three-dimensional space.

Second, a complex single entity.

Drawing: analyze and decompose a single complex entity into multiple simple entities.

Drawing base

Move the coordinates to the base surface of the attached solid.

Third, the drawing method of combined entity:

Simple combined entity drawing: draw all objects in a single coordinate system and edit them at once.

Complex composite entity drawing: divide the entity into several simple composite entities first, and then draw a single one.

Surface modeling

First, the mold application conditions:

1. target

2. Complex surfaces of complex entities

3. Some allowable simplified drawings

Second, the difference between modeling and surface modeling:

1. Solid faces can be edited by assembly and cutting, but solid points cannot be edited.

2. The points of surface modeling can be edited, and the surface is inseparable.

Third, the drawing method of basic surface model

Fourth, modeling methods: slice dough, edit point by point, slice dough.

Segmented dough: the generation of lumps.

Point-by-point editing: find a base surface, then edit the points on the base surface and smooth the line segments. There are more grids.

Face to face segment by segment: generated segment by segment, rarely used for drawing.

Edges and 3D meshes (point-by-point generation of faces is very complicated. )

Verb (short for verb) editing:

Revolving surface: Revolving objects can be curves. When the generated surface is not smooth, the parameters of surftab 1 2 can be modified.

Translating surface: Similar to stretching, the stretching curve must have a direction vector, and the starting point and ending point of the direction vector selected for the straight line are different.

Ruled surface: connect two line segments in space with a straight line, and modify the polyline when there are multiple line segments.

Boundary surface: a mesh surface is formed between four curves in space.

Note: The four curves of space should be connected end to end.

Six, entity drawing method:

Simple combined entity drawing: draw all objects in a single coordinate system and edit them at once. Such as the dining table.

Complex combined entity drawing: layered drawing, which divides a single entity into each layer; Grouping, for small objects such as stairs; Single type point capture.