What are the transparent drawing steps of classical oil painting?

(1) sketch sketch. Transparent painting mainly relies on clear and successful monochrome basic painting-sketch. At this stage, you can use any sketch media-charcoal strips, colored chalk, etc. In order to clearly define a frame-sketch that can be filled with background color. Then spray a layer of hair gel or varnish.

(2) Pure gray painting. Generally, paintings are mixed with white and black in gray, or mixed with white in ochre or brown. The basic requirement is the bright and dark levels with strong contrast, and try to express them in bright colors, because each subsequent coloring will make the picture darker. According to the principle of "fat cover and thin cover", oil should be used as little as possible at this stage. Ancient painters used lead white, because lead white is the thinnest oil painting pigment, and black oil painting color contains more oil, so it should be used less. When representing portraits with strong contrast between light and dark levels, it does not mean that the darker the better. On the basis of maintaining brightness, the deepest tone can be in medium gray. When drawing a gray picture, always keep a fan pen or an oil pastel, and constantly use it to smooth the paint. Generally, only slightly thicker strokes are drawn where they are really needed. After the grey painting is finished, dry it for at least two days and then apply a layer of polishing oil, which is beneficial to the subsequent color layer polishing.

(3) coloring. At the beginning, the color layer should be summarized, and the first step in the coloring process is to coat a large area with pure diluted glazing color. Wait for a layer of varnish to dry before covering the next layer, with an interval of about one to two days. Of course, wet painting is ok, but the color is not easy to control, so many artists who use transparent painting draw several pictures at the same time.

④ Bo Tu. After transparent coloring, in order to increase the sense of body and texture of objects, Bo Tu method often emphasizes highlights and details. Apply a large amount of white mixed with a large amount of color oil to the dry glaze color, and add more color oil to conform to the principle of "fat cover and thin cover". Note: Do not use turpentine at this stage. Turpentine is only used in the gray painting stage.

In transparent painting, glazing coloring and Bo Tu covering can be done alternately. Sometimes two or three times is enough, or maybe thirty or forty times. After the work is finished, it needs to be dried for several months and then painted with varnish.

Some people say that there are as many techniques as there are artists who use transparent painting, which shows that transparent painting is not limited to the above methods. Painters can explore their own techniques and styles according to their own needs. This is a classical transparent oil painting;

First, draw the manuscript with charcoal pen, then dip Gou Xianbi with black pigment or ink mixed with latex to accurately outline the outline, then dip the "three-in-one" oil (Dama varnish: linseed oil: turpentine = 1: 1: 3) with a big brush to bring out the thin color of ochre, draw the picture with loose brush strokes, and then wipe it lightly with a rag. Step 2: Dip a large amount of emulsion (methyl cellulose emulsion or casein emulsion, see "Making Tampere Emulsion" for details), adjust titanium dioxide to draw the light-receiving part of the object, and gently sweep it with a pen when the white is not dry, so as to make a transition to the dark part, thus creating a flying white effect with a middle tone. At this time, the contrast between light and shade of the picture should be general and strong. Step 3: After the white is dry, glaze with "three-in-one" oil powder, which is called "glazing". If there is no toner, oil painting pigments can be absorbed and reused by Korean paper. Repeat the second step of whitening and the third step of glaze dyeing until the shapes and colors are perfectly combined.

Because this technology uses latex to whiten and dry quickly, and can form conjunctiva in a short time after glaze dyeing, it can be operated continuously. It should be noted that it is not advisable to use too much oil in the early stage of glazing dyeing. In addition, the canvas base should absorb oil, dry at first, and gradually become shiny.

Classical transparent painting needs a process of getting familiar with materials, and painters should constantly accumulate experience in practice.

What is transparent painting and "optical gray"

Transparent painting is the oldest known painting technique of easel painting, which can be traced back to15th century. It is a traditional European painting technique before19th century. Transparent painting is mainly to cover the color and let the two colors produce a third color through visual harmony. Although it has the same hue as the third color derived from physical harmony, the visual effect is different. The former is deeper and has a jewel-like luster.

In the process of using transparent painting, the sketch relationship of a painting is completed without using color. The so-called no color means to determine the composition and the sense of volume of the object in the form of monochrome and high-profile. Then, add a transparent thin color or light color to the color.

Transparent painting includes:

(1) transparent color reproduction. Generally, the background and dark part of the main object are painted with oil paint without powder or less powder to reveal the fabric pattern and background color.

(2) Transparent cover color and thin bottom. Draw a rigorous plain oil painting in dark brown or silver gray on a grayish brown background with intermediate tones, and cover it with transparent color after drying. Avoid adding too much white to the transparent color, so as not to affect the transparency. Therefore, the plain oil painting of the base painting needs to improve the brightness in advance, leaving room for multi-layer cover color.

(3) Thick bottom transparent cover color. Refers to the transparent color on glossy surface with thick background and the concave-convex surface with thick background. Thick coating smooth surface refers to smoothing with thick color before drying, and covering with transparent color after drying. This method is mostly used in classical oil painting. For example, the light-receiving part of skin is usually coated with thick pigment to separate it from the thickness of dark parts (such as background). When the thick paint is not dry, lightly brush the strokes to smooth it evenly, and then cover it with transparent color after it is dry, which can achieve a thick and transparent effect.

"Optical grey" is a visual effect of transparent painting. Ancient artists used resin varnish to glaze Tampere or oily background, and then coated with transparent or translucent paint, so that each layer was exposed by overlapping, that is, the "optical gray" with strange color was produced. Compared with mixed gray, this transparent gray has different visual effects. It is impossible to draw directly. Rubens was famous for creating optical ash at that time. He once said to his students, "At least the last layer of color in the dark should be transparent."