What are the camera accessory setting parameters?

What parameters do digital cameras mainly look at?

Choose some knowledge about digital cameras.

It is not limited to this parameter.

1, sensor size

There are two types of digital camera sensors: CMOS and CCD. At present, back-illuminated CMOS is the main sensor.

CMOS is a little functional integration, with more diversified functions and stronger compatibility. Although the picture quality is not as good as CCD, the difference is too big, and it is acceptable after technical treatment.

The size of the sensor directly determines the image quality.

In general, the larger the sensor size, the better the image quality. Of course, different technological periods cannot be simply compared.

Sony is the pioneer of back-illuminated CMOS, and Canon has developed rapidly, especially in video photography.

It is also a new way for Fuji to combine its own SUPERCCDEXR with CMOS.

2. Pixels

The problem of pixels is mainly the problem of manufacturers fooling consumers.

For most people,10 million pixels is enough.

Excessive pixel value is a common concern of commercial photography.

Usually people don't use photos of that size. They put them on the computer and take up space.

3. Lens and aperture

The bigger the aperture, the better.

When buying, try to buy something with a larger maximum aperture value.

From the maximum aperture, few lenses have the best image quality, and the maximum aperture is usually reduced by three levels.

On the one hand, larger aperture value is beneficial to image quality, on the other hand, it is more conducive to adapting to dark environment.

As far as the lens is concerned, the maximum aperture value and aperture control range are very important, and a smaller aperture is conducive to displaying more details.

The aperture multiple of the lens should not exceed five times. The so-called large aperture emergency is ok, pay attention to the better picture quality.

Many people have zoom lenses and fixed-focus lenses in order to have a large aperture and have certain adaptability.

The quality of the lens is also very important. The famous ones are Leica lens, nikkor lens lens, Canon lens, Schneider lens, carl zeiss lens, Sony G lens and Pentax lens. There are some deputy factories, so let's not talk about it.

4. Brand

In fact, this still depends on it.

Traditional SLR, mainly Nikon and Canon, but the originator of 135 SLR camera is Pentax, but it is a little niche now.

In the new SLR, Olympus and Panasonic have been operating for a long time, but the frame is limited, 4/3. Sony has taken a different approach, and Fuji has also entered this field. Each manufacturer's emphasis is different, which must be understood.

Carney, Canon, Nikon, Panasonic, Fuji and Sony are recommended brands.

Generally, when choosing a brand, it is best to choose a company with a deep optical background.

Nikon, Canon, Pentax, Fuji and Olympus are all old manufacturers for decades. Ricoh also has a long history, but now it is really a minority. I don't know what will happen in the future, so I don't recommend it for the time being.

Although Sony is very powerful, it has been looking forward to it in the camera field before it acquired Minolta Konica camera business, but it has not really opened up the situation in the traditional SLR field, which is one of the reasons why it has taken a different approach.

5, lens applicability

The important reason why other manufacturers' SLR is difficult to open the situation is that,

There are not enough lens groups and other accessories as support,

Just look at the brochures of every SLR manufacturer.

Nikon Canon is the first choice. These two have their own advantages. Secondly, I personally recommend Pentax.

Nikon and Canon have different bayonet types, so Nikon's bayonet is smaller and Canon's bayonet is larger, which is why Nikon's lens with the largest aperture is smaller than Canon's. Actually, it's nothing serious. I'm just saying.

Step 6 manipulate

More intuitive is the number of buttons on the camera (including custom buttons).

Of course, in fact, the so-called operability does not stop there.

The number and position of keys and the function settings of corresponding positions are very particular.

Setting of electronic operation interface.

The size and humanization of each part of the camera is mainly the feel.

But apart from using, it is really difficult for ordinary people to know what it looks like except by looking at the number of keys and their corresponding functions. Fortunately, the problem is not fatal.

7, focusing and metering system

In fact, there are also card machines, but they can be basically ignored.

Canon and Nikon represent the best level in this field, at least as a whole.

By the way, the low-end SLR uses a five-sided mirror, and the high-end single-shot viewfinder uses a Wuling mirror.

The latter is brighter and clearer, but there are differences in visual range and magnification.

8, the fuselage material

Card machines are basically plastic, but few are metal. Solid point of metal, but the thermal conductivity is obvious.

The better SLR is made of magnesium-aluminum alloy, which is light and strong, generally waterproof and sand-proof.

This is a reference factor, what price and what configuration.

This is almost the main content that needs attention.

There are some others,

For example, the screen, its pixel value, its visual range;

For example, the place of origin is generally the best in Japan, but many of them are from Suzhou and Thailand.

recommend

In terms of specific recommendations, I won't talk about specific models.

If it is not bad money, we will buy new ones instead of old ones, but the price of electronic products will drop rapidly, and the flagship products of the previous generation will be a good choice.

Traditional SLR: Nikon, Canon

Micro-single: (fashion)-Sony; (Control)-Olympus, Panasonic; (Quality and patience)-Leica, Fuji;

Consumer machine: Fuji (high cost performance, full function, not super function, but enough) -F series,

Canon (the best humanization, comprehensive balance, but no cost performance) -IXUS series (fashion, female),

SX series (portable telephoto machine, traveling, male),

Panasonic (solid workmanship, excellent image quality), Nikon (moderation)

Telephoto machine: Fuji (manual focusing ring, good hand training, but there are also problems) -HS series, Canon, Panasonic, Nikon.

Professional card machines: Panasonic LX series, Canon G series, Nikon P7*** series, Canon S series.

The specific model can be viewed according to its own investment scope.

Phoenix Ren Jian

—— Handmade on March 24th, 2065438+02.

1, pixel and resolution

Pixel is the most basic unit of digital camera image. Each pixel is a small point, and points of different colors and brightness are gathered together to form a photo. The higher the pixel, the higher the resolution and the larger the imaging size.

2. Optical zoom and digital zoom

Optical zoom is to enlarge and reduce the scene to be shot through the movement of the lens in the camera lens. The larger the optical zoom coefficient, the farther the scene is photographed. Digital zoom is similar to using software to enlarge a part of an image in a computer, that is to say, using photo editing software can achieve the same effect as digital zoom, so it is not necessary to consider its digital zoom ability when choosing a digital camera.

3. Common exposure modes

Program automatic exposure is an exposure mode in which the camera automatically sets the aperture size and shutter time according to scene brightness, CCD sensitivity and other information. Shutter priority is just the opposite of aperture priority, which is an exposure mode with manual shutter time and automatic aperture size.

4, wide-angle lens

Wide-angle lens, popularly speaking, is a lens with short focal length and wide viewing angle. A photo of the same size can accommodate a wider range of scenery and achieve a broader vision and magnificent artistic expression, generally referring to a lens with a focal length less than 35 mm

5, macro shooting function

Macro means to draw closer and farther to the subject. In this respect, the capabilities of various digital cameras vary greatly, and some can even take photos close to 1 cm, which is a good helper for people who often need to take very small objects at close range.

Extended data:

principle of operation

It integrates image information conversion, storage and transmission, and has the characteristics of digital access, interactive processing with computer and real-time shooting. Light enters the camera through a lens or lens group, and is converted into a digital signal through an imaging element of a digital camera, and the digital signal is stored in a storage device through an image operation chip.

The imaging element of digital camera is CCD or CMOS, which is characterized in that when light passes through it, it can be converted into electrical signals according to different light. Digital cameras first appeared in America. More than 20 years ago, the United States used it to transmit photos to the ground via satellite. Later, digital photography was converted to civilian use, and its application scope continued to expand.

Baidu encyclopedia-digital camera

Significance and Function of Digital Camera Parameters

The meaning and function of each parameter are as follows:

effective pixels

Effective pixel number refers to the pixel value that really participates in photosensitive imaging. The value of the highest pixel is the real pixel of the photosensitive device, and this data usually includes the non-imaging part of the photosensitive device, while the effective pixel is the value converted under the zoom magnification of the lens.

optical zoom

Digital cameras rely on optical lens structure to achieve zoom. The optical zoom mode of a digital camera is similar to that of a traditional 35mm camera, that is, the scene to be shot is enlarged and reduced by moving the lens. The larger the optical zoom coefficient, the farther the scene is photographed.

photosensor

Compared with traditional cameras, traditional cameras use "film" as the carrier of recording information, and the "film" of digital cameras is its imaging photosensitive device, which is integrated with the camera and is the heart of digital cameras. Photoreceptor is the core of digital camera and the most critical technology.

The development of digital cameras can be said to be the development of photoreceptors. At present, there are two core imaging components of digital cameras: one is CCD (Charge Coupled Device), which is widely used; The other is CMOS (complementary metal oxide conductor) device.

digital zoom

Digital zoom is to enlarge the area of each pixel in the picture through the processor in the digital camera, so as to achieve the purpose of enlargement. This technology is like enlarging the area of a picture with image processing software, but the program is executed in a digital camera. Some pixels on the original CCD image sensor are enlarged by interpolation, and the pixels on the CCD image sensor are enlarged to the whole picture by interpolation algorithm.

The biggest difference between a digital camera with a display screen and a traditional camera is that it has a screen that can browse pictures in time. This screen is called the display screen of a digital camera, which is generally LiquidCrystalDisplay.

Lens type The lens of a digital camera consists of multiple lenses, and the materials are divided into two categories: glass and plastic. If the digital camera lens is made of glass, many users and businesses say that the glass lens has good light transmittance and the projected image is clearer.

However, at present, many test reports show that glass lenses do not necessarily bring clearer images than plastic materials, and at the same time, glass lenses may increase the weight of the camera, so you should observe in many aspects when purchasing, and don't stick to the lens materials.

hole

Aperture is a device used to control the amount of light entering the photosensitive surface of the fuselage through the lens, usually in the lens. The aperture values F2.8, F8 and F 16 are the aperture "coefficients", which are relative apertures, not the physical aperture of the aperture, and are related to the physical aperture of the aperture and the distance from the lens to the photosensitive device (film or CCD or CMOS).

The smaller the aperture f value, the more light enters per unit time, and the amount of light entering at the upper level is exactly twice that of the lower level.

For consumer digital cameras, the aperture f value is often between F2.8-F 16. In addition, many digital cameras can adjust the aperture by 1/3.

shutter

Shutter is a device on camera to control the effective exposure time of photosensitive film.

The working principle of the shutter is as follows: in order to protect the photosensitive device in the camera from exposure, the shutter is always closed; When shooting, after adjusting the shutter speed, just press and hold the shutter release button of the camera (that is, the camera button), so that the light passing through the camera lens can be correctly exposed between the opening and closing of the shutter, and the light can enter the photosensitive device through the shutter and be written into the memory card.

As for the common B shutter function of SLR cameras, although you can freely decide the length of exposure time and have high shooting flexibility, most consumer digital cameras can't support it at present, and can provide the default values of slower speed such as 2 seconds, 8 seconds, 16 seconds at most.

flashlight

Flash is also one of the ways to enhance exposure, especially in dim places, which helps to make the scenery brighter. Using flash also has disadvantages.

itinerary

It is to capture the opportunity of photography by saving data transmission time. Continuous shooting mode can take multiple photos in a short time by loading the data into the high-speed memory (cache) inside the digital camera instead of transferring the data to the memory card.

Because digital cameras have to go through photoelectric conversion, a/d conversion and media recording, both conversion and recording take time, especially recording takes time. So the continuous shooting speed of all digital cameras is not very fast.

Short film shooting function

That is, the digital camera has the function of shooting video files. Unlike DV (Digital Camera), digital cameras can only store video files in memory cards. Due to the limited memory space, the quality and size of video files are relatively poor.

Recording function

That is, the function of recording through a microphone on a digital camera. Because it is not a professional video camera or recorder, the audio recorded by digital camera is mono. The recording functions of digital cameras can be roughly divided into three types: live short film recording, voice file annotation and pure recording.

storage medium

Digital cameras convert image signals into data files and store them on magnetic media devices or optical recording media. If the digital camera is the host of the computer, then the memory card is equivalent to the hard disk of the computer. The storage memory can record not only image files, but also other types of files, and connect to the computer through USB to become a mobile disk.

Common storage media in the market include CF card, SD card, MMC card, SM card, MemoryStick, xD card, MICRoDRIVE and so on.

Scene mode

Generally speaking, the aperture, shutter, focal length, metering mode, flash and other parameters of digital cameras are adjusted in advance, so that inexperienced users can take digital photos with certain quality assurance.

In order to make it more convenient for beginners, digital camera manufacturers have added several scene modes to their digital cameras, making it easier to take high-quality photos. At present, there are as few as four or five scene modes of digital cameras as twenty or thirty.

battery

Digital cameras need batteries to keep them working properly. Generally speaking, digital cameras can use dry batteries, alkaline zinc-manganese batteries, cadmium-nickel batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, lithium-ion batteries and lithium batteries as power sources.

Extended data

A brief history of digital camera development

The history of digital cameras can be traced back to the 1940s and 1950s. 195 1 year, bing crosby's laboratory invented the video recorder (VTR), which can record the current pulses in TV broadcasting on magnetic tape. By 1956, the video recorder began mass production. It is considered to be the result of electronic imaging technology.

In the 1960s, before astronauts were sent to the moon, NASA had to survey the surface of the moon. However, engineers found that the analog signal sent back by the detector was mixed with other rays in the universe, so weak that the receiver on the ground could not convert the signal into a clear image. So engineers have to find another way.

After that, digital image technology developed faster, mainly due to the technical competition during the Cold War. These technologies are also mainly used in the military field, and most spy satellites adopt digital image technology.

As early as the 1960s, the research and development of "CCD chip" began. 1969, GeorgeSmith and WillardBoyle of Bell Laboratories combined videophone and semiconductor bubble storage technology to design a "charge" bubble device, which can conduct charge along the semiconductor surface with a digital camera, and took the lead in inventing the prototype of CCD device.

At that time, CCD was invented to improve the storage technology, and the component itself was also used as a simple memory. Later, people realized that CCD can take and store images by photoelectric effect.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia digital camera

How to adjust the parameters of mobile phone camera

When shooting in professional mode, you can freely adjust parameters such as ISO sensitivity and focus mode.

1. Turn on the camera or enter more cameras (depending on your model), and then select professional mode.

2. You can set the following parameters:

(1) Adjust metering mode: click M to select metering mode.

(2) Adjust ISO sensitivity: Click ISO and slide the ISO adjustment area.

When the light is weak, the ISO sensitivity can be improved; In the case of sufficient light, the ISO sensitivity can be reduced to avoid too much noise in the picture.

(3) Adjust the shutter speed: click S to slide the shutter speed adjustment area.

Shutter speed will affect the amount of light entering the camera. When shooting static scenery and portraits, you can slow down the shutter speed. When shooting sports scenery and portraits, you can increase the shutter speed.

(4) Adjust the exposure compensation value: click EV to slide the EV adjustment area.

When the light is weak, the EV value can be increased; When the light is strong, reduce the EV value.

(5) Adjust focus: click AF to select focus mode.

(6) Adjust tone: click WB and select white balance.

If you are in the daytime, you can choose the sun icon; In a cloudy or gloomy environment, select the rain icon.

Click the color temperature icon to change the color temperature to make the picture look colder or warmer.

(7) Adjust the storage format: Professional mode provides you with two image formats: JPG and RAW. Click the JPG icon at the top of the viewing box and select a different storage format.

RAW format photos retain more photo details, which is convenient for post-processing, but it takes up more storage space; Photos in JPG format occupy relatively small storage space, so you can choose according to your needs.

If the RAW format is selected, the mobile phone will automatically save a photo in normal format and a photo in RAW format when taking photos, and the photos in RAW format will be saved in the RAW album of the gallery.

(8) Turn on the auto-focus auxiliary light: If you want to focus in low light, click the auto-focus auxiliary light icon to turn on the auto-focus auxiliary light.

3. Click the shutter to take a photo.

How to set camera parameters in the studio?

The camera parameters in the studio are set as follows:

1, adjust the color temperature to the same as the shed lamp.

2, aperture according to the best aperture of each lens, the general situation is 8- 1 1, so the picture quality is the best.

3. The fastest shutter does not exceed 1/250, and the flash cannot be synchronized. The slowest shutter depends on the situation. The lower the better, 100-200 is more appropriate.

4. shed shooting in most cases, the camera can't measure light synchronously with the shed light, and it can only be adjusted by looking at the histogram unless there is an external exposure meter.

5, central automatic point focusing, manual.

Extended data:

The following points should be paid attention to when shooting still life on metal surface with Canon 550d 18-55 lens:

1. Use the 18 terminal to move the camera to the nearest focal length (macro mode);

2, the lens should not be perpendicular to the metal surface;

3. Don't fill the light with a flash;

Step 4 use a tripod.

Baidu encyclopedia-canon 550D

How to set parameters for SLR cameras?

1, aperture: the function is to control the amount of light entering the lens, and the aperture value follows the letter F. The larger the aperture, the more light entering, the brighter the picture, the shallower the depth of field and the more blurred the background!

2. Shutter speed: Generally speaking, it is actually the time taken for the shutter to open and close. The higher the shutter speed, the shorter the exposure time, the less light entering and the darker the picture.

For example, when using a focal length of 70mm, using a shutter speed higher than 1/70 seconds can prevent image blurring caused by jitter! In addition, it must be remembered that the shutter speed is contrary to our normal value. For example, the shutter speed of 1150 seconds is much faster than that of1second.

3. Sensitivity: The sensitivity of ISO digital camera is an index similar to film.

In fact, ISO of digital camera is realized by adjusting the sensitivity of high-sensitivity photos of photosensitive devices or merging photosensitive points, that is, by improving the sensitivity of photosensitive devices or merging several adjacent photosensitive points.

The higher the ISO, the more light can be captured. Increasing ISO under the same shutter can increase the aperture accordingly. However, the higher the ISO, the more noise there is in the photos taken. It is good to control the ISO of daytime landscape shooting at 100-200.

4. What is the biggest disadvantage of the reverse camera compared with the micro-single? That's really heavy! More photosensitive elements and metals, as well as various long lenses, make SLR cameras very bulky. In order to prevent camera shake, the correct way to end the camera is very important!

The correct way is to hold the camera in your right hand, the lens in your left hand and the index finger of your right hand on the shutter. Remember to use your left eye when taking pictures and your right eye when taking pictures. Hold your arms by your sides, keep breathing evenly, and gently press the shutter.

5, camera mode: P file, program automatic exposure, all fool mode, don't know how to adjust the camera parameters, just try this!

Television, shutter priority, program automatic exposure. In this mode, you can set the shutter speed and iso yourself. Because the program automatically detects the aperture value, it is generally used for long-time exposure, such as night scene shooting and starry sky shooting.

AV, aperture priority automatic exposure, you can set the aperture size yourself, and the camera automatically sets the shutter speed. M file, completely set the parameters yourself, novices can also do exercises, but it is not easy to make a good film in this mode!