Introduction to 3D renderings

Introduction to 3D renderings

The importance of 3D renderings is not only the assistance of pictures. A large number of 3D renderings can be collaborated to become 3D animations, simulate movie effects, and complete the completion of real estate projects. After the animation scene, its role is quite important.

A 3D rendering is a three-dimensional simulated image. A good 3D rendering is close to a photo, just like a house decoration. It can help you use a computer to draw the completed decoration in advance during the construction period. This is 3D The renderings can let you know at a glance whether you will like the house decorated with this design plan, giving you a certain degree of selectivity and cognition.

Types of 3D renderings

1. Production of hotel renderings

Restaurant 3D renderings, lobby decoration renderings, guest room renderings, bathroom interior renderings, Single room 3D renderings, standard room 3D renderings, deluxe suite renderings, presidential suite renderings, Chinese restaurant renderings, Western restaurant renderings, conference room renderings, etc.

2. Office renderings production

Office design opening office interior renderings, manager's room 3D renderings, staff office renderings, reception room renderings, lecture hall decoration renderings, corridor renderings, etc.

3 , Commercial rendering design

Large comprehensive and professional shopping malls; design of clothing, jewelry, mobile phones, electrical appliances, gifts, various boutique stores or stores in shopping malls, and company product showroom design.

4. Exhibition space renderings

Booth design for various exhibitions and expositions. Trade fairs for real estate, industry, sugar, wine, food, and high-tech products

5. Home decoration renderings design

Various model houses, villas, sales office club designs, and home decoration effects Design of drawings

6. Outdoor architectural renderings design

Architectural decoration design of various shopping malls, hotels, villa renderings, and office factories.

7. Garden architecture planning and design

Planning and design and environmental art design of various parks, communities, offices, schools, commercial streets, enterprises and institutions.

8. Production of construction drawings

Provide production of various floor plans and construction drawings.

9. Workwear renderings production

Exhibition design, office design, hotel design, restaurant design, etc.

10. Interior decoration design

Five-star hotel interior design, commercial office space, villa home decoration design, interior renderings and architectural renderings production.

3D rendering production software

1. AutoCAD

AutoCAD (Auto Computer Aided Design) is an automatic computer-aided design first produced by the American Autodesk Company in 1982 Software for 2D drafting, detailed rendering, design documentation, and basic 3D design. It has become a widely popular drawing tool internationally. The .dwg file format has become the de facto standard format for two-dimensional drawings.

2. Maya

Maya is the world's top three-dimensional animation software produced by the American company Autodesk. It is applied to professional film and television advertisements, character animation, movie stunts, etc. Maya has complete functions, flexible work, easy to learn and use, extremely high production efficiency, and extremely realistic rendering. It is a high-end production software at the movie level.

3. 3DSMAX (main software for three-dimensional production)

3D Studio Max, often referred to as 3ds Max or MAX, is a three-dimensional animation rendering and production software based on PC systems developed by Autodesk. . Its predecessor is the 3D Studio series software based on the DOS operating system, and the latest version is 2011. Before the advent of Windows NT, industrial-level CG production was monopolized by SGI graphics workstations. The emergence of the 3D Studio Max + Windows NT combination suddenly lowered the threshold for CG production. It was first used in animation production in computer games, and then further began to participate in the special effects production of film and television films, such as X-Men II, The Last Samurai, etc. .

Rendering production process

1. Modeling

1. Scene model Example: room/living room/dining room/study/doors and windows/ceiling/walls, etc.

2. Product model Example: case/table/cabinet/chair/stool/sofa/coffee table/etc.

3. Accessory models Example: curtains/tableware/candlesticks/pillows/photo frames/hanging pictures/hanging accessories/porcelain/household appliances, etc.

4. Lamp model Example: chandelier/wall lamp/downlight/spotlight/table lamp/floor lamp, etc.

5. Other models, etc.

Explanation: The above models are created from scratch in 3D software based on photos or drawings.

2. Material/Texture

1. Material: Each model has its own surface attributes, such as: metal/stone/leather/fabric/glass, etc. Reflection of material attributes degree, gloss, transparency, concave-convexity, etc.

2. Texture: texture of surface attributes, such as: various colors of stone/various textures of fabric/wood grain, etc.

3. Texture coordinates: Control the texture to turn in the direction of the physical texture, such as the horizontal and vertical direction of the wood grain.

Explanation: The above part defines the surface attributes of the product model, such as the product's wood color, gold and silver foil, weathering, stainless steel, etc.

3. Lighting

1. You can see the final rendering. Lighting is a very important part. Without light, it is dark. There are many lights in a scene, such as table lamps. /Wall lamps/chandeliers/ceiling lamps/light strips/light troughs/floor lamps, etc., as well as moonlight at night, sunlight, sky light, TV screen light, etc., are used to illuminate the entire scene space and simulate the real space environment. and light and shadow.

2. Light has directionality, light intensity, light color, etc.

IV. Camera

1. The camera is equivalent to the human eye. Each finished rendering from different angles represents a camera, which is also equivalent to a person standing in the position of the camera. Watch the entire scene.

2. The camera has height/angle/field of view size, etc.

V. Rendering

1. Test rendering: After completing the establishment and placement of all models, the arrangement and debugging of lights, the assignment and adjustment of materials, and the completion of camera settings The rendering of low-effect small pictures is called test rendering. The purpose is to check the errors of the entire space, whether the lighting is in place, whether the materials are in place, and whether the camera angle is in place.

2. Global debugging: It is to make overall adjustments to the test rendering results. After the mediation is completed, test rendering is performed, and test rendering and global debugging are repeated multiple times. Once satisfied, proceed with rendering.

3. Render the picture: For the tested and debugged scene, produce the final large-size, high-pixel, best-effect picture. This process of producing pictures is generally very slow, taking as little as 2-3 hours per picture and as much as 5-6 hours. Depends on computer hardware and software. (Hardware aspect: The better the hardware, the faster the calculation speed, and the corresponding drawing time will be shortened. Software aspect: Because the genuine price of 3D software and renderer plug-ins is too expensive, most of them are pirated. The pirated software has limited functions and unstable operation, and often The software will automatically close during the operation and rendering process, causing the previous work to be wasted. For example, in the rendering of the Shanghai Rock Paper Scissors store, during the production process, the software automatically closed more than 3 times on average for each rendering. Specifically, Whether it's hardware or software reasons, I don't know).

VI. Post-production

1. Graphic software is mainly used for color grading. In the early days, decorations, flowers and plants were mainly added to the renderings, and trees and sky backgrounds were added outdoors. Now it is basically popular for all Mold rendering technology. It is difficult to achieve a true sense of three-dimensionality, depth, surface texture, and projection of light and shadow with flat surface processing. Full model rendering can solve this problem.

2. The graphic software also needs to process the material map in advance. Sometimes the suitable texture or color cannot be found or the size is not suitable, so the graphic software must be used to process it first.

;