What exactly do East Qinglong, West White Tiger, South Suzaku and North Xuanwu mean?

Qinglong-the patron saint of the East in Taoism

There are many legends about dragons, and there are also many stories about the origin of dragons. Some said it was imported from India, while others said it was transformed from China. India itself is said by the dragon god, but the status of dragons in India is not high, and there is a real thing-python.

In the era when the Five Elements Theory prevailed, the story about Qinglong began to spread slowly. According to the five elements of Yin and Yang, the five elements assigned five colors to the southeast and northwest middle schools, and each color was assigned one.

God beast and a god; East is cyan, with dragons, west is white, with tigers, south is scarlet, north is black, with martial arts, and yellow is the central positive color.

Among the four gods, according to Shan Hai Jing, "Southern Zhurong is a beast with human face and rides two dragons. 」; "In the west of Ru Shou, there is a snake's left ear, riding two dragons. 」; "In the East, there is Ju Mang, a bird and a face, riding two dragons. 」; "North yujiang county, black hands and feet, was two dragons. Interestingly, the dragons in Shan Hai Jing are all riding, while the snakes of the same kind with him are all being led or held or held or wrapped around their necks, which shows the difference between them. However, the five gods are different from the four gods, so I won't elaborate here. Suzaku, Xuanwu (black tortoise snake, martial arts means tortoise snake), Qinglong and Baihu represent the twenty-eight lodges in four directions respectively. The dragon is the seven lodges in the East-horn, clang, car, room, heart, tail and dustpan. These seven lodges are all dragon-shaped. As can be seen from their meanings, horns are the horns of dragons, and clanging is dragons.

There is still a part of the dragon's heart, which some people call' fire', which is related to sunny and rainy days, and because Qinglong is a wood, it is also the age of Jupiter. After the rise of Taoism, these four spirits were also given names to facilitate human beings to call them. Qinglong is called Meng Zhang, White Tiger is called prison soldier, Suzaku is called Lingguang, and Xuanwu is called Zhiming. In many dynasties, emperors took Qinglong as their national title, such as Wei Mingdi in the Three Kingdoms, and there were also records that the Xia Dynasty belonged to the Mude Dynasty, so he had'.

In China after ancient times, the male dragon had horns on his head; Double horns are called dragons, and single horns are called dumplings; Those with horns are poisonous snakes. In ancient times, there were often large and small Ssangyong in Yu Pei, and it was still called mother and son poisonous snakes. The status of dragons is much higher than that of India. Because it is sacred and supreme in the dragon, it is also a symbol of the emperor. It is also the representative of the east, and the five elements belong to wood. Because cyan belongs to wood, there is the saying of Zuo Qinglong and you Bai Hu.

constellation

Among the 28 stars, seven stars in the East-Jiao, Kang, Bian, Fang, Xin, Wei and Ji-are used among the stars. The ancients imagined them as Jackie Chan. Because it is located in the east, the five parties are colored according to the theory that the east is blue, so it is named' Qinglong'.

One legend is that ...

There is also a folk saying that dragons are lustful, that is, having sex with cows will give birth to unicorns, and having sex with pigs will give birth to elephants.

The so-called dragon gives birth to nine children, unlike the dragon. Here's the thing-

Prison cow:

Prison Niu, the eldest of nine sons born by Longsheng, loves music all his life and is the most docile of many sons. It is not bloodthirsty, cruel and exclusive. Legend has it that the prisoner's ear of the bibcock snake has a wonderful sound, which can distinguish the sounds of everything. It often squats on the piano head to enjoy the music played by plucking the strings, so its portrait is engraved on the piano head. This kind of decoration has been used up to now, and some precious huqin heads are also engraved with the image of the dragon head, which is called "the dragon head huqin". This musical dragon son not only appeared on the Hu Qin of the Han nationality, but also on the Qin Yue of the Yi nationality, the three-stringed Qin of the Bai nationality and some Qin of the Tibetan and Mongolian nationalities.

Second son:

The second son, Yazi, is said to have been born a leading jackal. He has a strong personality and likes to kill. He is the god of war in Zi Long. Yazi's fierce eyes staring up when she was angry were also used by the ancients to describe "glaring". Sima Qian's evaluation of "Fan Ju's revenge" in Historical Records is that "the virtue of a meal will be repaid, and the hatred of Yazi will be repaid", so "Yazi's revenge will be repaid" was born. It's easy to kill, so the ancients often carved it at the throat of the joint between the blade and the handle, adding awesome power. It is not only decorated on the weapons of famous soldiers in the battlefield, but also widely used in ceremonial weapons and court guards, making it more dignified and solemn. Because the emperor believed that Yazi could suppress all evil.

The third son laughed at the wind:

Laughing at the wind, shaped like an animal, is the third child. He is doing well and looking forward to it. The animal in the corner of the temple is its portrait. These animals line up at the front of the vertical ridge. Animals are led by a "fairy" riding a bird, followed by dragons, phoenixes, lions, horses, seahorses, scorpions, scorpion fish, scorpions, bullfighting and what to do. Laughing wind is the second place. Their placement has a strict hierarchy, and only the Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City in Beijing can have everything. This 10 beast means "perfection", and the number of deputy halls should be reduced accordingly. Mocking the wind not only symbolizes auspiciousness, beauty and majesty, but also means to deter demons and eliminate disasters. The placement of Mockingwind makes the shape of the whole palace rigorous and changeable, achieving the harmony of solemnity and vividness, and the unity of grandeur and exquisiteness, adding a mysterious atmosphere to the towering palace.

But the mocking wind itself is a collection of disasters. Earthquakes, tsunamis and weather disasters are all forces that make people smile. Legend has it that mocking the wind is Pangu's heart. Its shape is often used as a decoration in the corner of a temple. The placement of Mockingwind makes the shape of the whole palace rigorous and changeable, achieving the harmony of solemnity and vividness, and the unity of grandeur and exquisiteness, adding a mysterious atmosphere to the towering palace. Four sentences quoted from Long (and Qian Shu): "Long gave birth to nine children, ... it was a close call to ridicule, right on the corner of the temple."

Four sons Pu prison:

Not as old as a dragon, ranking fourth, and having a good voice and a good roar all his life. The dragon-shaped animal button on the Hong Zhong is its portrait. I didn't always live by the sea. Although he is a dragon, he is always afraid of giant whales. As soon as the whale attacked, it screamed in fear to drive the whale away. According to its "easy to sing" characteristics, "every bell should make a loud sound", that is, the cloth wheel should be cast into a bell button and the wooden pestle that rings the bell should be made into a whale shape. When ringing the bell, let the whale hit the cloth wheel again and again, making it "ring into the sky" and "sound alone". Nowadays, there are cloth wheels on almost every ancient clock in the country.

Five sons:

Sister-in-law, also known as Jin Heling, looks like a lion, ranking fifth. Although he looks fierce, he likes quietness, correct sitting posture and fireworks all his life, so the foot ornaments on the Buddha incense burner are his portraits. According to legend, this kind of robe decorated on the Buddha's seat was introduced to China by Indians in the Han Dynasty. By the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it had been widely used in Buddhist art in China. This shape was created by China folk artists, making it have the traditional style of China. Later he became the fifth son of the dragon. Most of the places where it is arranged are in front of Buddha and Bodhisattva sitting cross-legged or cross-legged. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the dragon-shaped decoration in the middle of the collar of the stone lion or bronze lion is also an image of the lion entering the tiger's mouth, which makes the traditional China gate lion more powerful. Sister-in-law is also the mount of Manjusri Bodhisattva. Today, in Wutai Mountain, the Dojo of Manjusri Bodhisattva, there is still a temple dedicated by the ancients. Because eldest sister-in-law ranks fifth, this temple is also called "Wu Ye Temple".

Under the six sons:

Baxia, also known as the tortoise, is the old six. He has a good load and great strength all his life, and the turtle under the pedestal is his portrait. The first legend is that in ancient times, Ba Xia often carried three mountains and five mountains on his back and made waves in rivers, lakes and seas. Later, Dayu subdued it when he was controlling the water. It obeyed Dayu's command, pushed mountains and dug ditches, dredged rivers and made contributions to water control. After the flood was defeated, Dayu was worried that he would run wild again, so he moved to a huge stone tablet with indomitable spirit, which was engraved with the merits of water control and told him to carry it. The heavy stone tablet prevented him from walking casually. The dam is very similar to the tortoise, but there is still a difference when you look closely. Bazaar has a row of teeth, but the tortoise doesn't. The number and shape of nail plates under the dam and on the tortoise shell are also different. Bullies, also known as stone turtles, are symbols of longevity and good luck. It is always struggling to move forward with its head held high, its four feet desperately propped up, struggling to move forward, but unable to move. The pedestals of some famous stone tablets in China are carried by tyrants, which can be seen in the forest of steles and some historical sites.

Seven armadillos:

The armadillo, also known as the Charter, looks like a tiger and is the old seven. It has been litigating all its life, but it is very powerful. The tiger head decoration on the upper part of the prison door is its portrait. Legend has it that armadillos not only yearn for public interests and justice, but also dare to speak out, distinguish right from wrong and judge impartially. In addition, its image is majestic, so it is not only decorated on the prison door, but also crouched on both sides of the lobby of the official residence, which is very shocking to the criminals. Whenever the yamen chief is in court, there is an image on the title card and the silence card of the chief. It looks around and looks around, maintaining the solemnity and righteousness of the court. In ancient times, the head of an armadillo was engraved on the gate of the prison, so the prison was also commonly known as "Tiger Head Prison" by the people.

Yazi's burden:

Being the lion's head, ranking eighth, living a comfortable life. He is another elegant dragon-he loves calligraphy.

On the stone tablets on both sides of Longwen are its portraits. China's inscriptions have a long history and rich contents. Some shapes are simple, smooth and bright, and light can be used as a guide. Some are exquisitely carved, with elegant words and vivid pens; There are also some famous poems and stone carvings, which are well-known throughout the ages. But she loves this inscription with artistic brilliance, and she is willing to turn it into a dragon pattern to set off these literary treasures handed down from generation to generation and decorate the pedestal more elegantly and beautifully. They are intertwined with each other and seem to be creeping slowly, which is more spectacular in coordination with the base.

Nine children kissing:

Kissing, also called tail, is said to be the body of a leading fish. Its form first appeared in the "Bailiang Hall" built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. At that time, a minister suggested that there was a fish in the sea. Its tail looked like an owl and it could spray waves and rain. It can also be shaped on a temple to protect the hall from fire. Emperor Wu agreed. After the completion of the hall, ministers scrambled to ask what was on the ridge of the hall. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't know how to answer it, so he named it "the owl's tail" and gradually evolved into a homophonic "kiss". It is also said that it was introduced from India with Buddhism in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It is something under the rain god in Buddhist scriptures, which can put out fires. So the kiss was changed, so it was placed at both ends of the roof to eliminate disasters and put out fires. Laojiu, a dragon-shaped Donlon beast, has a wide mouth and a rough mouth, which is easy to swallow all his life. The tail-rolling faucets at both ends of the temple ridge are his portraits. "Taiping Yu Lan" has the following description: "After the disaster of the Liang Temple in the Han Dynasty, the witch said,' There are fish in the sea, and the tail is like a owl, and the waves are like rain', so it is like a tail and Tired Ofthe Fire is auspicious." The "witch" mentioned in the article is the alchemist and the "fishbone" is the predecessor of kissing. Kissing is water-based and an evil thing to avoid fire.

White Tiger

In Four Holy Beasts, China, another kind of dragon is often compared with the tiger; Tigers are the leaders of many animals. Its strength and legendary ability to subdue ghosts make it a beast belonging to Yang, and it often goes out with dragons. "Cloud follows dragon, wind follows tiger" becomes the best partner to subdue ghosts.

And the white tiger is also the god of war and war. White tiger has many magical powers, such as avoiding evil, avoiding disasters, praying and punishing evil, promoting good, making a fortune and getting married. And it is one of the four spirits, and of course it is also changed from the stars. Among these 28 stars, there are 7 in the west: osmium, building, stomach, ang, bi, Gou and Shen. Therefore, it is the representative of the west, and its whiteness is due to the west. The five elements belong to gold and the color is white. So it is called white tiger not because it is white, but because it comes from five elements.

feng shui

In addition to the four spirits in Taoism, including dragons and white tigers, and even when Feng Shui masters explore cemeteries, the terrain protruding from the left and right sides in front of the terrain can be used as burial rooms, which have unique titles, called Zuo Qinglong and Right White Tiger, to take the meaning of their guards, and also have the same decoration in the court. The left and right pillars are painted with dragons and white tigers to suppress evil spirits. After the rise of Taoism, dragon and tiger were borrowed as Taoist alchemy terms, meaning "lead, mercury, fire, water, yin and yang" and so on. Taoist alchemy is divided into two parts: internal alchemy and external alchemy (I'm not sure). As far as Yin-Yang and Five Elements are concerned, Inner Dan means that dragons are born in fire, so the cloud' dragons are born in fire', while tigers are born in ridges and ridges belong to water, so the cloud' tigers are born in water'. After the two elements are combined, one yin and one yang are mutual. Another way of saying this is that sex belongs to wood, and wood represents the East. In divination, it is an earthquake, so it is a dragon. Love belongs to gold, gold represents the west, and the hexagrams are exchanged, which is golden white, so it is called white tiger. Gold can crush wood, so feelings are more harmful. If we use the true meaning of 28 to make it one, then it will be seamless, and the dragon and tiger will change from crouching tiger to Dan. In the human body, the liver is the dragon and the kidney is the tiger, while the external Dan still takes the meaning of yin and yang, with the dragon as the lead and the tiger as the mercury.

In the eyes of the ancients, the tiger is a terrible thing and a respectable thing. The terrible thing is that it will eat people and animals. Respectably, it can ward off evil spirits because of its great power. In some ancient books, such as Ying Shao's Custom Yi Tong. Sacrifice in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "Draw a tiger on the door, ghosts dare not enter", "A tiger is a penis, and all animals are long. Can resist sharpness and eat ghosts. Today, people have to burn tiger skin to drink after they die. Beating its paws can also cure evil. This is also a fact. " The ancients also thought that the white tiger was an auspicious feeling:' virtue is a hundred birds and beasts.'

origin

The original West Star gods were bears and owls, and later, because of the totem of the ancient Qiang people, when bears became dragons. When the Yellow Emperor developed eastward, the dragon totem was brought to the east and merged with the' Oriental Black Dragon Constellation', and Zhu Bird became the new home of the celestial phoenix totem when the south was unified, and eventually became a' dragon and phoenix' because of the integration of the two tribes. As an ancient totem, it is the East Phoenix and the West Dragon, and as an astrology, it is the East Black Dragon and the West Zhu Bird. After the Zhou Dynasty, the feudal system was formally established, and the five elements thought also became mature. The astronomical phenomena were re-divided, and the Zhu bird was placed in the south, where it was sacrificed with Zhu Rong Vulcan. The west worships the white tiger. In the tribal struggle and migration, the dragon in the northwest moved eastward, the phoenix in the east moved southward, and the tiger in the south moved northward, showing a great conceptual movement throughout the country. By the Han dynasty, the concept of five elements had become a unified thought, and with Xuanwu, the' God of the Four Sides' was completed.

"Ancient History of Tiangong" records, "Black Dragon in the East Palace, Zhu Bird in the South Palace, Fairy Pool in the West Palace, Gong Bei Xuanwu." This is not a white tiger, but a salty pool. Salty pond is the star of staple food. Mainly in autumn, because the grain is harvested in autumn, it is released in autumn. But it's not an animal. How can it be combined with dragons, birds and turtles into four spirits? In "Justice": "The three stars in Xianchi are among the five cars, and the sky hits the south, and the fish and birds also scream." Therefore, the song dynasty questioned:' black dragon, Zhu bird, Xuanwu, seven nights are considered together. As for Xianchi, don't be a star and stay away from 28 nights. There is another explanation for the salty pool, which is where the sun bathes. In Huai Nan Zi. Astronomy:' The sun rises in the valley, bathes in the salty pool and blows on the hibiscus, which is called morning light'. It can be seen that Xianchi was originally regarded as the sunrise place by Qiang people. Xianchi is also an alkali lake, which should be Minshan area or Shantou Lake in Qinghai. It can be proved that the astrology worshipped by primitive people does not have the concept of dragon and white tiger. The Book of Rites says:' Returning to the dragon in the face of the wind is called the Four Spirits.' Replace the salty pool that does not belong to animals with Kirin. Later generations have the habit of four spirits, four elephants and four tigers.

And because the White Tiger is a god of war and an axe, many brave generals are said to be famous white tigers, such as Luo Cheng and Xue and his son in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, the white tiger was absorbed and released by Taoism, deified and became the keeper of various temples.

rosefinch

Suzaku can also be said to be a phoenix or a mysterious bird. Suzaku is one of the four spirits, and like the other three spirits, it comes from the star, which is the general name of the seven southern nights: well, ghost, willow, star, Zhang, wing and bird. Think of it as Suzaku. Scarlet, like fire, the south belongs to fire, hence the name Phoenix. It also has the characteristics of being far from fire, also called fire phoenix, just like the immortal birds in the west.

Phoenix is a divine bird, the king of birds. The ancients said that men were called phoenixes and women were called phoenixes. Later, Phoenix was collectively referred to as; Later, when the dragon and the phoenix matched, the phoenix became the name of the imperial concubine. According to legend, Phoenix evolved from the bird totem of the Yin people in the East. Shan Hai Jing. The Wild West Classic mentioned a colorful bird with three names, namely, Imperial Bird, Suzaku and Phoenix Bird.

origin

Shan Hai Jing. The Three Classics of the South records a bird, which is shaped like a chicken and has colorful patterns on its body. It's called Phoenix. It shows that the image of Phoenix is very beautiful from the beginning. In the future, just like the image of a dragon, the more complicated it is, the more it has a head, a hip, a snake neck, a fish tail, a dragon pattern, a turtle body, a swallow chin and a chicken mouth. (See Huai Nan Zi. Chinese parasol trees don't live, and they don't eat unless they are bamboo. (See "Poetry". Daya. It sings and dances, and seeing it means that the world is at peace. As the head of the flock, it has tens of thousands of followers. Phoenix died on the mountain. Every July and August, birds come here to mourn, and it will take seventeen or eighteen days to disperse, so this mountain is called "Mourning Mountain". (See Notes on Water Classics. Phoenix is the combination and sublimation of hundreds of birds, and its prototype is nothing more than four categories: sunny bird, eagle, peacock and chicken. The northern nationalities in China worship the eagle, the king of birds.

After Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, great changes have taken place in the phoenix, which is basically a chicken and a sparrow, especially the strong wings and the prominent posture of the eagle. The common phoenix in our current artworks is actually the image after the Qing Dynasty, which is composed of pheasant tail, chicken body, comb, eagle eye, eagle claw, eagle neck, peacock feather and mandarin duck feather. Its tone is not as persistent and stable as that of a dragon.

Suzaku, the seven stars in the south-ghost, star, willow, well, wing, bird and Zhang Su.

sign

According to ancient books, Phoenix is a beautiful bird, and its singing and manners are the king of birds. It can bring auspicious feelings to the world, and at the same time it has the special spirituality of' don't be an unripe phoenix tree, don't eat bamboo, and don't drink water from a spring'. Because it is the length of feather worm, it gradually becomes a pair with the legendary dragon with the length of scale worm.

There are many prototypes of Phoenix. Such as golden pheasants, peacocks, vultures, mandarin ducks, blackbirds (swallows), etc ... Some people say it is a Buddhist Dapeng golden winged bird. According to the phoenix myth, the phoenix has a chicken's head, a swallow's chin, a snake's neck, a fish's tail and five-color stripes. There are five kinds of phoenixes, divided by color: red for phoenixes, green for phoenixes, white for swans, and yellow for purples.

Xuanniao's statement comes from The Book of Songs. Ode to Shang Dynasty. Xuanniao said:' The destiny Xuanniao was born in Shang Dynasty, and the soil was rich. The ancient emperor ordered martial arts soup, and appropriate sites were everywhere. "In the middle, the descendants of the Shang Dynasty said that their ancestor, Qi, was born by a mysterious bird and established a powerful Shang Dynasty. Therefore, the mysterious bird became the beginning of the merchant. " Historical records. Yin Benji also recorded this history: "Yin Qi's mother's name is Judy and she has a velvet daughter. She is the second princess of Di Ku, ................................................................................................................................. Besides Shang Dynasty, the origin of Qin, Manchu and Silla in Warring States is also related to the fairy swallowing the eggs of the mysterious birds. Whether it is a mysterious bird or a phoenix, with the development of Taoism, it evolved from birds, peacocks or pheasants ... to a fairy who is half human and half bird, and to pass on the art of war to a fairy who is completely human.

In Beijing, there were three temples dedicated to Xuan Nv, namely Jiutian Niangniang Temple and Xuan Nv Temple. There are also Xuan Nv temples in the north and south.

turtle

Xuanwu is a spiritual thing composed of turtles and snakes. Xuanwu originally meant Xuanming, and the ancient sounds of Wu and Ming are interlinked. Xuan means black; Ghost means yin. At first, Xuan Ming described the tortoise's divination as follows: the tortoise's back is black, and the tortoise's divination is to invite the tortoise to the underworld to ask questions, bring back the answers and show them to the world in the form of divination. Therefore, the earliest Xuanwu is the tortoise. Since then, the meaning of Xuanming has been expanding. Turtles live in rivers, lakes and seas (including turtles), so Xuan Ming became a water god; The tortoise lives long, and Xuan Ming has become a symbol of immortality; The first underworld was in the north. In the Yin and Shang Dynasties, Oracle Bone Inscriptions divined that "divination will point to the north", so Xuan Ming became a northern god again.

Xuanwu, like other three spirits, is also derived from the 28 stars on earth: bucket, ox, female, air, danger, house and wall. However, people after ancient times have the following explanations for Xuanwu. Xuanwu' is a tortoise. "Book of Rites. "Quli Shang" says:' Zhu bird before departure, then Xuanwu ...'' Xuanwu' is a tortoise and snake. Supplementary Notes on Hong Xingzu's Songs of the South. Travel far:' Xuanwu is called tortoise and snake. Located in the north, it is called Xuan. With a scale, it is called martial arts. Xuanwu is a combination of snakes, turtles and snakes.

origin

In ancient times, people explained Xuanwu in this way. Xuanwu is a tortoise. Book of rites Qu Lishang said, "OK, there are Zhu birds in front, then Xuanwu ..." "Xuanwu" is a tortoise and snake. Chu ci Hong Xingzu added: "Xuanwu is called tortoise and snake. Located in the north, it is called Xuan. With scale, it is called martial arts. " Xuanwu is a combination of snakes, turtles and snakes.

However, Xuanwu was upgraded by later Taoist priests to the Northern Emperor-Emperor Zhenwu. Different from the other three spirits. Other green dragons and white tigers only worked as gatekeepers of mountain temples, and Suzaku worked as Xuan Nv for nine days.

"Selected Works" Volume 15 Zhang Heng's "Four Fu Xuan" said: "Xuanwu leaves its shell, and the snake bends and corrects itself." Shan Li notes the cloud:' When a turtle meets a snake, it is called Xuanwu.' Wang Liangchuan in the History of the Later Han Dynasty: "Hong Fu Nv" says: "Wang Liang is the Lord of Xuanwu." Li Xian pointed out: "Wu Wu, the God of the North, is a combination of tortoise and snake." Xuanwu is the god of water and the god of the north. Wang Liangchuan in the later Han Dynasty: "Xuanwu is the name of the water god." "Rebuilding the Integration of Weft Books" Volume 6:' Born in Xuanwu, North China, ... The town is in the north, mainly due to wind and rain.

sign

Xuanwu was upgraded to the "Zhenwu Emperor" in the north by later Taoist priests. Different from the other three spirits. Other green dragons and white tigers only became the gatekeepers of the mountain temple, and Zhu Bird became the Xuan Nv of another day.

Xuanwu gained value in the Song Dynasty and was personified. This is inseparable from the help of the emperors of the Song Dynasty. In the early Song Dynasty, Zhenwu and Tian Peng were legendary generals in heaven. In the first year of Tianxi, something happened in the military camp. In "The Original" for seven years:' Someone saw a snake in the camp, and the sergeant built a real martial arts school because of it. In April of the following year, the spring was inexhaustible, and the sick people drank more. When Zhenzong heard this, he wrote a letter and built a landscape there, named it' Xiangyuan'. This is probably the earliest Zhenwu Temple in China.

It is often said by later generations that during the reign of Yang Di, the Jade Emperor became one of his three souls, Empress Lezheng, tired of the world, abandoned Wudang Mountain for practice, and successfully ascended to heaven, defended the north and lived in Xuanwu, posthumous title.