A comparative technique of quatrains in the Qing Palace

Appreciation of Du Mu's Poems of Crossing the Qing Palace, Part I

Appreciation of Du Mu's Poems of Crossing the Qing Palace, Part I

Looking back at Chang 'an, there are piles of embroideries, and thousands of doors are opened at the top of the mountain.

When riding a princess in the world of mortals and laughing, no one knew it was litchi.

There are three * * * poems on this topic, which were written by Du Mu when he passed the Huaqing Palace in Lishan Mountain. Huaqing Palace was built in the 11th year of Kaiyuan reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (723), where Xuanzong and Yang Guifei had fun. Many poets in later generations have written poems about Huaqing Palace, and Du Mu's quatrain is particularly exquisite and well-known. This poem lashed out at the extravagant life of Xuanzong and Yang Guifei through the typical event of sending litchi, which has a slightly artistic effect.

The first sentence describes the scenery of Mount Li where Huaqing Palace is located. The poet writes from the perspective of "looking back" in Chang 'an, just like a cinematographer, he first shows a broad and far-reaching panorama of Mount Li in front of the audience: lush trees, lush flowers and plants, palaces and castles standing among them, just like a beautiful group. "Embroidery piles" not only refers to the East Embroidery Ridge and the West Embroidery Ridge on both sides of Mount Li, but also describes the beauty of Mount Li.

Then, the camera moves forward to reveal the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain. The normally closed palace door suddenly opened slowly one after another. Next, there are two close-ups: outside the palace, an emissary rode like lightning, raising clouds of red dust behind him; In the palace, the princess smiled.

Several shots seem to be unrelated to each other, but they all contain suspense carefully arranged by the poet. Why did the "Thousand Gates" open? Why did "one ride" come? Why did the "concubine" laugh? The poet deliberately didn't speak out, until the tense and mysterious atmosphere made the reader want to know, and then revealed the mystery implicitly and euphemistically: "No one knew it was litchi."

the word "litchi" reveals the whole story. "Biography of Yang Guifei, a Book of the New Tang Dynasty": "My concubine loves litchi, and she wants to give birth to it, so she rides it and travels thousands of miles, and her taste has not changed, and she has reached the capital." Knowing this, the suspense in front is suddenly released, and those shots are naturally integrated.

Wu Qiao's Poems Around the Furnace says: "Poetry is full of connotations, especially those who talk about stories without opinions." The artistic charm of Du Mu's poem lies in its implication and profundity. The poem does not understand Xuanzong's description. It is dissolute and lewd, and the imperial concubine favors and is arrogant. In contrast, vividly using "riding the world of mortals" and "smiling at the imperial concubine" to form a sharp contrast, it has received much stronger artistic effect than expressing her opinions directly.

the word "princess laughs" is quite meaningful. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhou Youwang smiled for Bo Feizi and lit a bonfire, which led to the death of the country. When we read this, isn't it easy to think of this well-known story? The word "unknown" is also thought-provoking. In fact, "Litchi Lai" is not unknown, at least "concubine" knows it, "riding it" knows it, and there is an emperor who doesn't mention it in the poem.

This writing is intended to show that this matter is important and urgent, and outsiders have no reason to know it. This not only exposes the absurdity of the emperor's doing everything to please his favorite concubine, but also echoes the unusual atmosphere rendered earlier. The whole poem does not need difficult words, allusions, and carvings. It is simple and natural, profound in meaning and powerful in implication. It is a masterpiece in the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty on history.

chapter 2: du mu's quatrains on crossing the Huaqing palace

du mu's quatrains on crossing the Huaqing palace

①

one of them

Chang' an looks back and embroiders in piles ②, and thousands of doors on the top of the mountain are opened ③ times ④.

once riding the red dust, ⑤ the concubine ⑥ laughed, no one knew it was litchi.

Note

1. Huaqing Palace: It is located in Lishan Mountain, Lintong County, Shaanxi Province, and it is the amusement place of Tang Minghuang and Yang Guifei. "Yuanhe County Records": "Huaqing Palace is on Mount Li, and the hot spring palace was set up at the beginning of the eleventh year of Kaiyuan. Tianbao was changed to Huaqing Palace in six years. He also built the Hall of Eternal Life, which is called Jilingtai to worship the gods. "

2, embroidered piles: refers to flowers, trees and buildings like piles of splendid.

3. Thousand gates: describe the magnificent palace on the top of the mountain with many gates.

4. Second place: in order, one by one.

5. Riding a horse (ji in ancient times, generally read qi (two tones)): refers to a person riding a horse.

6. Red dust: refers to the dust flying when riding a horse at a gallop.