When rockets and space shuttles are launched, you can always see the camera tracking the rocket's perspective. What kind of camera is this? Why can you see so far?

This cannot be done with a camera. The most important thing is the ground optical tracking observation equipment, which looks like an astronomical telescope.

Is the optical tracking measurement system a weapon range test and space launch? A tracking and measuring system is used for. It uses the principles of optical measurement and imaging to measure and record the trajectory, posture and movement of the target. Events, as well as infrared radiation and visual (visible) characteristics of the target. Optical tracking and measuring equipment usually consists of camera, tracking or monitoring equipment and data? Manage equipment composition. A number of devices are combined properly to form an optical tracking measurement system.

Optical tracking and observation equipment is very large. Don't think you can buy this kind of equipment. See Resources for details.