N-pentane, what is the use in industry and life?

What is the use of n-pentene in industry and life? There is no n-pentene, only n-pentene.

The main uses of n-pentene are: for organic synthesis and preparation of isoprene, and also as an additive for high octane gasoline.

Emergency treatment

Panel contact: Take off the contaminated clothes and thoroughly clean the panel with soapy water and clean water.

Eye contact: Lift eyelids and rinse with running water or normal saline. See a doctor.

Inhalation: leave the scene quickly and go to a place with fresh air. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. If you have difficulty breathing, give oxygen. If breathing stops, give artificial respiration immediately. See a doctor.

Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water, induce vomiting and seek medical advice.

Fire extinguishing method: move the container from the fire to the open place as much as possible. Spray water to keep the burning container cool until the fire goes out. If the container in the fire changes color or the safety pressure relief device sounds, it must be evacuated immediately. Extinguishing agent: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand. Fire extinguishing with water is ineffective.

What is the use of water in life, industry and agriculture? Industry: raw water, product processing water, boiler water, washing water, cooling water, etc. In agricultural production, irrigation needs a lot of water. Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agriculture. Hydropower generation.

Water can regulate the climate.

Water is an important part of all living things. Water in the human body accounts for 70% of the body weight; Water is the basic substance to sustain life. There is no life without water, and people can't live without water every day!

Substances necessary for human daily life on water. Such as cooking, washing, bathing, cleaning and so on.

Water can also transport goods, and thousands of tons of goods are transported in all directions on the Yangtze River.

If water freezes into ice, it will have more uses.

We carved ice into ice sculptures and made ice lanterns for people to enjoy;

We make ice into popsicles, which cool people down;

We turned water into snow and created a series of ski trails;

We collected a lot of ice and made an ice room to store things;

We put ice cubes in ice bags, so that we can apply cold compress to the affected area and relieve the pain.

If we heat water, we can heat it in winter to keep the indoor temperature.

What is the use of development mirror in life? Optical microscope is a kind of precision optical instrument, which is mainly used to observe microscopic substances (including precision parts, animal and plant cells, bacteria and so on). ).

Microscope is an optical instrument composed of one lens or several lenses, which is the symbol of human entering the atomic age. It is mainly used to enlarge tiny objects to be visible to human naked eyes. Microscope can be divided into optical microscope and electron microscope: optical microscope was first created by Zhan Sen and his son in Holland in 1590. At present, the optical microscope can enlarge the object by 1600 times, and the minimum resolution reaches 0. 1 micron. The length of the mechanical lens barrel of a household microscope is generally 160 mm, and there are many kinds of optical microscopes, except the general ones, mainly including:

Dark field microscope, a microscope with a dark field condenser, so that the illumination beam does not enter from the central part, but is emitted from the periphery to the specimen.

Fluorescence microscope, using ultraviolet light as light source, makes the irradiated object emit fluorescence. The electron microscope was first assembled by Noel and Ha Roska in Berlin in 193 1. This microscope uses high-speed electron beams instead of light beams. Because the wavelength of electron flow is much shorter than that of light wave, the magnification of electron microscope can reach 800 thousand times, and the lowest resolution limit is 0.2 nm. 1963 uses a scanning electron microscope, which enables people to see the tiny structures on the surface of objects.

Double-tube dissecting microscope: When dissecting smaller specimens or observing the whole picture of slide specimens, it is necessary for dissecting microscope to observe smaller entities (positive images) and larger slide specimens in natural state, or dissect small organisms.

Dark field microscope: It is a microscope with a dark field condenser or a central shading plate. That is, a special device is added to the condenser to diffract or reflect the light from the edge of the condenser to the specimen, and then put it into the objective lens to darken the whole field of view, so that the diffracted image of the detected object can be seen in the field of view. This microscope can observe moving organisms.

Fluorescence microscope: It is characterized by using ultraviolet light as the light source, which makes the fluorescent substances in the sample excite different colors of fluorescence, so as to study the characteristics and positions of some substances in the sample. Some substances can fluoresce by themselves, and some substances need to be dyed with fluorescent dyes before they can fluoresce.

Phase contrast microscope: living cells can't distinguish their fine structures under ordinary optical microscope. This is because the refraction of each fine structure is very similar or the contrast is not significant enough. The phase contrast microscope is to install an annular diaphragm under the condenser, and its objective lens is a phase contrast objective lens with a phase plate. The function of annular diaphragm is to produce a hollow light cone, which separates direct light from diffracted light. The function of the phase plate is to make the direct light interfere with the diffracted light, so that the phase difference becomes the amplitude difference (that is, the brightness difference) and the contrast is enhanced. Therefore, we can observe the microstructure of different staining in living cells.

Inverted microscope: the objective lens is located below the specimen and the light source is located above the specimen. It is mainly used to observe the growth of cells in culture bottles during cell culture.

■ Main uses

Microscopes are used to enlarge images of tiny objects. Generally used in biology, medicine and microscopic particle observation.

(1) Use the movement of the micro stage to measure the length with the cross mark of the whole eyepiece.

(2) Rotate the stage and the cursor differential angle dial at the lower end of the eyepiece to make the address marks of the eyepiece completely match, measure the angle, so that one end of the measured angle is aligned with the reticle and coincides with it, and then the other end coincides with it.

(3) Check the pitch, middle diameter, outer diameter, tooth angle and tooth profile of the thread with standard.

(4) Check the grain condition on the metallographic surface.

(5) Check the condition of the machined surface of the workpiece.

(6) Check whether the size or outline of the tiny workpiece is consistent with the standard parts.

What are the uses of Samsung in life: making phone calls, sending short MMS messages and surfing the Internet.

Times: watching movies, listening to songs, taking photos, taking photos, navigating, playing games, etc.

What is the use of salt in life? Application of salt in life

1, salt deodorization

Insist on gargling with light salt water every day to remove bad breath; People with underarm odor can wash their armpits with light salt water; Those who are easy to sweat their feet and have a heavy smell can wash their feet with salt water to deodorize them.

2. Sprinkle salt to prevent oil leakage

When cooking or frying some food in daily life, oil often splashes out and even burns the panel. You can put some salt in the hot oil so that it won't spill easily.

3. Salt can be used to grow flowers.

If it is an aquatic or hydroponic plant, you can put some salt in the water, not too much, just a small amount, which will make the flowering period of the plant longer and the flowers grow better.

4, salt to remove mildew spots

If clothes or towels are moldy due to wet weather, there will be some mildew spots. Just add salt and lemon juice to the water, then wipe it and clean it to remove mildew spots.

5. Rapid melting of salt

If you want to thaw some food or drink quickly after freezing, you can put the frozen food or drink in a bucket and add salt water, so that the ice will melt quickly.

6. Prevent apples from oxidation

Freshly peeled apples are easily oxidized to brown. It is suggested that apples should be soaked in light salt water before peeling, and the apples are not easy to oxidize and discolor after soaking.

7, salt fixation

Some new clothes fade easily in water. If you put some salt before washing and soak the new clothes for a few minutes, the fading of the new clothes can be alleviated a lot.

What is ammonia water and what is its use in life? Molecular formula: NH3. H2O molecular weight: 35.045.

The aqueous solution of ammonia is called ammonia water, and its molecular formula is NH3. H2O and NH4OH, the nitrogen content is 12% ~ 16%, and the forms of nitrogen are NH3 and NH4, which belong to ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. At present, the output of ammonia water in China is less than 0.2% of the total output of nitrogen fertilizer. The production of ammonia water is realized by diluting synthetic ammonia into water. Ammonia is not only available in nitrogen fertilizer plants, but also in coking plants, coal dry distillation and petroleum industry. It is also possible to use the ammonia-containing tail gas in the ammonia processing process of nitrogen fertilizer plant to produce dilute ammonia water after being absorbed by water. The nitrogen content is 1% ~ 3%, which is low in price and suitable for nearby application. The ammonia concentrations commonly used in China are 15%, 17% and 20%. The concentration of agricultural ammonia in foreign countries is slightly higher, and the products generally contain 25% ammonia (20% nitrogen).

Ammonia is a colorless, transparent or yellowish liquid. Ammonia, an industrial by-product, has a different color because it contains many impurities. Ammonia has great solubility in water, and 700 volumes of ammonia can be dissolved by accumulated water in a water body. However, due to the unstable binding state of ammonia in the solution, most of it exists in water in the form of ammonia molecules, and only a part of it is ammonia hydrate (NH3. H2O) and a very small amount of NH4OH. Therefore, ammonia water is a kind of weak alkali (pH value is about 10), but because ammonia molecules are extremely active, ammonia water is very volatile at room temperature, which is corrosive to containers and people. Use corrosion-resistant and sealable containers and machines during storage, transportation and application.

The volatilization loss of ammonia water is affected by concentration, air temperature and container sealing. The higher the ammonia concentration, the longer the standing time, the more the liquid level leaks, and the more the ammonia volatilization loss. In order to reduce the volatilization loss of ammonia during storage, transportation and use as much as possible, at present, factories usually inject a certain amount of carbon dioxide into ammonia water to carbonize it, so that part of ammonia combines with carbon dioxide to form ammonia containing NH4HCO3, (NH4)2CO3 and NH4OH(NH3. H2O), also known as "carbonized ammonia water". Compared with ordinary ammonia water, carbonized ammonia water can obviously reduce ammonia volatilization.

The application principle of ammonia water is "never leave soil, never leave water". Not leaving the soil is to cover the soil deeply; When there is no water, dilute it with water to reduce concentration and volatilization, or combine it with irrigation. Because ammonia water is lighter than water, care should be taken to avoid excessive accumulation in areas and burning plants. Ammonia can be used as base fertilizer or topdressing.

Ammonia water is an aqueous solution obtained by dissolving ammonia in water. It is an important chemical raw material and a commonly used reagent in chemical experiments. Also known as "gas fat". (Attachment: The solute of ammonia water is NH3)

Ammonia is a colorless and transparent liquid with a special strong smell. Because of its strong regional excitability, direct contact with a specific concentration of ammonia will make the panel turn red and have a burning sensation, so be careful.

Ammonia is the pillar product of chemical fertilizer industry, which is easily soluble in water to produce ammonia water and is alkaline. Ammonia water is widely used in rural areas because it can be directly applied to farmland as fertilizer. In the process of subpackaging, transportation and use, ammonia water often accidentally spills into eyes. When the eyes are burned by ammonia water, if emergency measures are not taken, corneal ulcer and perforation may be caused, which may further cause eye inflammation and eventually lead to eyeball atrophy and blindness.

Ammonia water can precipitate ammonia monohydrate crystal at low temperature, and its melting point is -79℃, so NH3·H2O is the main component of ammonia in aqueous solution. A small part of ammonia monohydrate in ammonia water is ionized,

There are the following balances in:

It can be seen that there are H2O, NH3·H2O and NH3 in ammonia water, and a small amount of OH-,

Third, grasp the essence.

Because ammonia water contains many components, it shows multiple properties.

1) * * Properties: Because there are free ammonia molecules in the aqueous solution.

(2) Volatility: Ammonia in ammonia water is volatile.

(3) Instability:-Hydrated ammonia is unstable and easily decomposed into ammonia and water when exposed to light.

NH3 H2O=NH3↑+H2O

In the laboratory, ammonia can be produced by heating concentrated ammonia or mixing concentrated ammonia with solid caustic soda at room temperature. The device and operation are simple, and the ammonia concentration obtained is high, so the experiment effect of "fountain" is better. Because ammonia water is volatile and unstable, it should be sealed and stored in brown or dark reagent bottle, and placed in a cool and dark place.

(4) Weakly alkaline: ammonia monohydrate in ammonia water can ionize OH-, so ammonia water is weakly alkaline and has the generality of alkali;

① It can make colorless phenolphthalein test solution turn red, purple litmus test solution turn blue and wet red litmus test paper turn blue. This method is usually used to test the presence of NH3 in the laboratory.

② It can react with acid to generate ammonium salt. When concentrated ammonia meets volatile acids (such as concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid), it will produce white smoke.

NH3+HCl=NH4Cl

(white smoke)

NH3+ nitric acid =NH4NO3

(white smoke) but excluding nonvolatile acids (such as sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid). This method can be used to test the presence of NH3 or ammonia in the laboratory.

In industry, the weak alkalinity of ammonia water is used to absorb the tail gas of sulfuric acid industry to prevent environmental pollution.

SO2+2 NH3·H2O =(NH4)2so 3+H2O(NH4)2so 3+SO2+H2O = 2 NH 4h so 3

5) Sedimentability: Ammonia is a good precipitant, which can react with various metal ions to generate insoluble weak base or amphoteric hydroxide. For example:

The generated Al(OH)3 precipitate is insoluble in excessive ammonia water.

The generated white precipitate is easily oxidized to generate reddish-brown precipitate.

4Fe(OH)2+O2+2H2O=4Fe(OH)3

Be bronzed

Using this property, aluminum hydroxide and iron hydroxide can be prepared in experiments.

(6) Complexity: Ammonia can react with Ag+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. When the amount of ammonia is small, insoluble weak base or amphoteric hydroxide will be formed. When ammonia is excessive, insoluble matter will be converted into complex ions and dissolved.

AgOH+2 NH3·H2O =[Ag(NH3)2]++ OH-+2H2O

This reaction was used to prepare silver ammonia solution in the laboratory.

Zn(OH)2+4 NH3·H2O =[Zn(NH3)4]2 ++ 2OH-+4H2O

This reaction can be used to identify amphoteric hydroxides, aluminum hydroxide and zinc hydroxide.

Cu(OH)2+4 NH3·H2O =[Cu(NH3)4]2 ++ 2OH-+4H2O

(dark blue)

It is weakly reducible and can be oxidized by strong oxidant. For example, ammonia can react with Cl2:

3c L2+8 NH3·H2O = 6 NH4Cl+N2+8H2O

How to deal with ammonia poisoning

Ammonia poisoning is common in rural areas because it is one of the widely used fertilizers.

Once ammonia water pollutes the panel, rinse it with clean water or 2% vinegar solution first; If there is redness and blisters in the panel area, it can be cleaned with 2% vinegar solution; If there is redness and blisters in the panel area, 2% boric acid solution can be used to wet compress. When the nasal mucosa is subjected to strong * * *, 1% ephedrine solution can be dripped, and chymotrypsin should be inhaled in severe cases.

If ammonia water spills into eyes, it should be washed repeatedly with normal saline immediately, and then chloramphenicol eye drops should be dripped. If you still feel unwell, you should call a doctor for first aid.

In case of ammonia inhalation poisoning (respiratory tract, eyes, nose, facial mucosa feel severe accompanied by cough, runny nose, itching, shortness of breath, cyanosis, irritability and other symptoms), let them leave the scene quickly and take off clothes and pants contaminated by ammonia; Oral vinegar 50- 100 ml and vitamin c50 mg, three times a day; If there are symptoms such as throat infarction and emphysema, you should seek first aid from a doctor to avoid accidents.

One part of ammonia dissolved in one part of water is called ammonia monohydrate.

Physical properties of ammonia gas

The relative molecular weight is 17.38+0.

The density of ammonia under standard conditions is 0.7081g/L.

Ammonia is very soluble in water, and its solubility is 1: 700.

chemical property

React with water

When ammonia is dissolved in water, ammonia molecules combine with water molecules to form ammonia monohydrate (NH3? H2O), ammonia monohydrate can be ionized into ammonium ions and a small amount of hydroxyl ions, so ammonia water is weakly alkaline and can turn phenolphthalein solution red. The reaction of ammonia in water can be expressed as:

Ammonia monohydrate is unstable and decomposes to produce ammonia and water when heated.

There is a liquid called ammonia in our hometown, which has a pungent smell and is mainly used in fields with water.

Also known as ammonia water, the main component is NH4OH, which is an aqueous solution of ammonia, colorless and transparent, with an odor of * * *. Melting point -77℃, boiling point 36℃, density 0.9 1g/cm 3. Soluble in water and ethanol. Volatile, common to some alkalis, it is made by introducing ammonia into water. Toxic, corrosive to eyes, nose and panel, and suffocating. The maximum allowable concentration in the air is 30mg/m3. Mainly used as fertilizer.

What is the use of sodium bicarbonate in life? People who are allergic to detergents in household cleaning may wish to add a little baking soda to the dishwashing water, so as not to burn their hands, but also to clean the bowls and plates. You can also scrub stainless steel pot, copper pot or iron pot with baking soda. Baking soda can also clean the scale in thermos bottles. The method is to dissolve 50 grams of baking soda in a cup of hot water, then pour it into a bottle and shake it up and down to remove the scale. Soak the coffee pot and teapot in hot water and add 3 spoonfuls of baking soda to eliminate stains and odors. Put the open box with baking soda in the refrigerator to eliminate the odor, or mix baking soda with warm water to clean the inside of the refrigerator. Sprinkle some baking soda in the trash can or any other place that may give off odor, which will have a good deodorizing effect. If you have pets at home, sprinkling baking soda on the carpet can get rid of the smell of urine. If it is a cement floor, you can sprinkle baking soda, add a little vinegar, brush the floor with a brush, and then rinse it with clear water. Sprinkle a little baking soda on the wet rag to scrub the plastic parts and shells of household appliances, and the effect is good. Use baking soda as deodorant for personal cleaning and beauty. Mix a cup of baking soda with two spoonfuls of starch, put it in a plastic container, and rub it on the smelly part of the body to remove the body odor. Baking soda is a slightly abrasive cleaner. Adding a little baking soda to toothpaste can neutralize the odor and play the role of whitening agent. Put a little baking soda in your shoes to absorb moisture and odor. Adding a little baking soda to facial cleanser, or using baking soda and oatmeal as a mask, will help improve the skin; Adding a small amount of baking soda to shampoo can remove the residual hair gel and styling cream. Chlorine in the swimming pool will hurt your hair. Adding a little baking soda to shampoo can repair damaged hair. Decoking spread baking soda evenly on the bottom of the burnt aluminum pot, and then soak it in water. After a few hours, the burnt strips at the bottom of the pot will be easily wiped off. Descaling: Pour about 500g of baking soda solution with the concentration of 1% into the thermos, and gently shake it to remove the scale in the thermos. When there is dirt on the bottom of the decontamination electric iron, the wet towel can be folded into a shape similar to the bottom of the iron, a layer of baking soda powder is evenly sprinkled on the towel, and then the electric iron is connected to the power supply. When the temperature reaches 100 degrees, rub it back and forth on the wet towel. When there is no water vapor, you can wipe off the baking soda powder again to remove the dirt at the bottom of the electric iron. Mildew removal: When the refrigerator has a musty smell, it can be scrubbed with 20% baking soda water, which can remove both musty smell and dirt. Detumescence: If you are stung by a bee, you can mix baking soda into paste and apply it to the affected area, which has the effect of detumescence and pain relief. Yellowing: When Huang irons silk clothes, he can use a little baking soda to make a paste and apply it to the yellowed place. After the water evaporates, put a wet towel on it and iron it, and the brown marks will disappear.