Leaning Tower of Pisa in Florence

Galileo didn't do the leaning tower of Pisa experiment. Almost everyone thinks that the famous gravitational experiment of two balls landing at the same time in history was completed by Galileo on the leaning tower of Pisa, Italy. Now most countries' official textbooks say so. But Keith, executive director of the American Center for Language and Information Studies and visiting professor of mathematics at Stanford University in California, USA? David Lin put forward an amazing theory: Galileo had never done such a gravity experiment! In order to prevent misleading, Galileo did not stop doing experiments. According to the textbook, Galileo, a famous Italian scientist, made a famous gravity experiment: he dropped two balls of the same size from the leaning tower of Pisa at the same time, one of which was a heavy metal ball and the other was a wooden ball. The purpose of the experiment is to prove that two balls landed at the same time under the gravity of the earth, thus overthrowing Alex Dodd's theory. Today, teachers all over the world are still telling students about Galileo's famous gravity experiment of the leaning tower of Pisa, but David Lin pointed out that this experiment was not done by Galileo at all, but by one of his students. There is no evidence that Galileo ever dropped two balls from the leaning tower at the same time. Galileo was a very cautious man. He won't make such a scientific demonstration in public, because the result is likely to mislead people who lack scientific knowledge. Davilin pointed out that Galileo knew very well that any object would fall from a height at the same speed without air resistance. At the same time, he also knows that if two balls with the same volume but different weights fall from a height at the same time, due to the influence of air resistance during the falling process, the heavy object will always land before the light one. Before Galileo died, one of his students did this famous gravity experiment on the leaning tower of Pisa. However, the experimental results finally prove that the falling speed of the two objects is slightly different, and the heavy object falls earlier than the light one. After learning the experimental results, the scholars of Aristotle school rushed to tell each other to celebrate their victory. Actually, this is the result of air resistance. Galileo knew this in his heart, which is why he didn't do the experiment publicly, because he couldn't. He can't eliminate the air resistance, and it's ironic that his students' experiments actually prove that Aristotle of Greece is right. Galileo's more surprising conclusion is that Galileo was born in Pisa, Italy in 1564 and died in the suburb of Florence in 1642. The world has always regarded him as the world's first modern scientist. Galileo did many experiments in his field of gravity research. Through these experiments, he measured the different time required for an object to fall from different heights. The longer he observes, the farther the object falls. Galileo, after careful and accurate observation, also came to the conclusion that objects with small weight descend faster than those with large weight at first. This statement aroused the confusion of some later scholars, who questioned Galileo's theory one after another. How can a great scientist like Galileo make such a stupid mistake? But actually Galileo was right. In the early 1980s, some scientists conducted the famous falling ball gravity experiment again. This time, for the first time, they used modern high-speed movie cameras, which are no longer limited to the naked eye. The camera plays the falling process of an object frame by frame in slow motion, and the result proves that Galileo's theory is completely correct. At first, objects with small weight did fall faster than those with large weight, but later, due to the influence of air resistance, the latter fell faster than the former. After carefully studying the previous photos, scientists found the reason for this phenomenon. The hand muscle fatigue of the person in charge of putting the ball also affects the falling speed of the object to some extent.

When you hear the signal to release the object, the hand holding the heavy object needs more time to release the heavy object because of muscle fatigue, while the hand holding the light object is different, so it takes less time to release the object. Professor David Lin finally pointed out that as a scientist with a high sense of responsibility for science, Galileo carefully recorded this phenomenon. Although this runs counter to his theory (if there is no air resistance, two objects will land at the same time), he still kept this record for future generations. Galileo's spirit of being responsible for science deserves everyone's study and praise.

The leaning tower of Pisa is in Florence.

The leaning tower of Pisa, located in the church square of Pisa, an ancient city in central Italy, is the bell tower in ancient Roman architecture. This bell tower looks simple and elegant, and it is a model of Roman architecture. However, the amazing thing is not limited to this. 800,000 tourists come to the bottom of the tower every year. They were all moved by its tilt, but they didn't fall down. They are extremely happy to witness this miracle caused by defects.

At the beginning of the building, the tower was still straight up. But when it reached the third floor, it was found that the tower began to tilt and the project was forced to stop. The main reasons for the tilt of the tower are poor soil strength, insufficient foundation depth (only 3 meters deep) and heavy marble tower, which leads to uneven sinking of the tower. This situation is entirely due to the architect's failure to conduct a comprehensive and detailed investigation and survey of the local geological structure, resulting in design errors and inadequate foundation laying. After 96 years of shutdown, the tower was restarted. In order to prevent the tower from tilting again, engineers took a series of remedial measures. For example, we try to shift the center of gravity of the tower by using beams of different lengths and increasing the weight of the tower in the opposite direction. However, due to the fact that the three-story tilt has become a reality, after the completion of the whole tower, the vertical line between the center of the tower and the center of the tower is still about 2 m. For more than 600 years, because the loose foundation can't bear the weight of the tower, it still continues to tilt slowly to the south. The foundation of the South Tower has begun to sink. Especially in the last hundred years, the tower body has been inclined to the south by about 30 cm, with an inclination of 8 degrees, and the height of the tower is 5. 1 m above the vertical plane. 1972 10, the Italian earthquake caused a strong impact on the leaning tower, and the whole tower shook for 22 minutes, which was extremely dangerous. Fortunately, the tower still stands. This kind of learning without learning is a miracle in the history of world architecture, which makes the leaning tower of Pisa famous.

This leaning tower is a miracle in the history of world architecture. It not only tilts but does not fall, but also because in 1590, Galileo, a great Italian scientist, made a free fall experiment at the top of the leaning tower, so that two iron balls with a weight difference of 10 times fell from the top of the tower at the same time. As a result, the two balls landed at the same time, which overthrew Aristotle, a famous Greek scholar who had bound people for nearly 2000 years, about the falling speed of objects with different weights. Galileo initiated a new era of experimental physics and was called the father of modern science. The leaning tower, which he used to do experiments, became more and more famous.

Almost everyone who travels to Italy will not go to Pisa, because the Leaning Tower of Pisa is so famous, not because of its superb and brilliant architectural art, but because its inclination has become a masterpiece in the history of world architecture. There is also a science story that happened on this leaning tower, which was recorded in junior high school physics textbooks.

The leaning tower of Pisa was built in August 1 173. It is the independent bell tower of Pisa Cathedral in Italy, located in the Miracle Square in the north of Pisa in Tuscany, Italy.

A group of religious buildings are scattered on the lawn of Miracle Square. They are cathedral (built in1063-13rd century), Baptist church (built in1153-14th century), bell tower (leaning tower of Pisa) and cemetery (built in1. Their external walls are all ivory marble, which are relatively independent but form a unified Roman architectural style. The leaning tower of Pisa is located behind Pisa Cathedral.

The leaning tower of Pisa is 58.36 meters high from the foundation to the top of the tower and 55 meters high from the ground to the top of the tower. The wall of the bell tower on the ground is 4.09 meters wide and the top of the tower is 2.48 meters wide. The total weight is about 14453 tons, and the center of gravity is 22.6 meters higher than the foundation. The circular foundation covers an area of 285 square meters with an average ground pressure of 497 kPa. The inclination angle is 3.99 degrees, 2.5 meters away from the outer edge of the foundation, and the top floor protrudes 4.5 meters. Tilting was first discovered in 178.

: The most famous buildings in Italy are the Colosseum and the Arc de Triomphe. There are also Pantheon, Fountain, Leaning Tower of Pisa, St. Peter's Church, Florence Old Palace, Florence Giotto Bell Tower and Notre Dame Cathedral. Of course, there are many famous scenic spots in Venice, such as Venice Sigh Bridge and Venice Square.

2. Is the Leaning Tower of Pisa the bell tower?

There are many, but more symbolic buildings:

1. Milan Cathedral is located in Milan, Italy and is one of the five largest cathedrals in the world. Built in 1386 and completed in 1965. It took five centuries to build the second largest Catholic church in the world. 1805, the first French emperor Napoleon held a coronation ceremony here.

Notre Dame de Flowers is one of the five largest churches in the world, located in the historical center of Florence, and also translated into Notre Dame de Flowers and Florence Cathedral. This church consists of cathedral, bell tower and Baptist church. 1982 is listed in the world cultural heritage list.

Venice Square is a transportation hub built in the center of Rome, Italy. This rectangular square is130m long and 75m wide, which brings together five main streets in Italy. The Venice Tower, the most famous palace building in the Roman Renaissance, is located here. It has become a museum of Renaissance art..

The Colosseum, a symbol of ancient Rome, was built on the east bank of the Tiber River in Rome between 72 and 79 AD. This building covers an area of 20,000 square meters per month and can accommodate 90,000 spectators at the same time. In addition to the former slave arena, it was also built to commemorate the great achievements of the Roman emperor Vipamil.

The Pantheon was built by Octavian's son-in-law agrippa in 27-25 BC to worship the gods on Mount Olympia. It is also the only well-preserved ancient Roman building, rebuilt in 120, where many famous Italian artists were buried.

6. The Saint Angel Castle, also known as Hadrian's Mausoleum, is located in the westernmost part of ancient Rome. It was built around 139. Today, Fort Santangelo has become a national museum, which contains many sculptures, ancient weapons treasures and furniture of the Pope's American residence.

7. The Leaning Tower of Pisa, 1 173, one of the Italian landmarks built in the Miracle Square in northern Pisa, Italy, is located behind Pisa Cathedral. At first, this tower with the appearance of Roman architecture began to tilt in 1 178 due to foundation problems, so it was named the leaning tower and was listed in the World Heritage List in 1987.

Although this square is called Spanish Square, it is named after the former site of the Spanish Governor. It is actually located in Trinity Church in Rome, Italy. This square includes a mansion like the Governor, a garden, a Spanish arch and a chocolate house, among which the Baroque fountain in the center becomes a summer resort for young people every summer.

9. Holy Cross Church, Gothic architecture, 1294 design and construction, 1842 plus Gothic bell tower. There are some monuments and graves of important celebrities in this church which is in the shape of the Egyptian cross as a whole. The interior consists of three vertical halls, an altar and 10 worship rooms.

10.

The ancient city of Rome is romulo, an honorary city builder and the capital of ancient Rome, which is highly valued by western academic circles. It is called the Seven Mountains because it includes seven mountains, including Mount Capitoli and Mount Palatino. It includes three architectural landscapes, namely the Roman Square, the Roman Palace and the underground mausoleum. From 0755 to 79000, it was named as one of the oldest cities in Britain.

From 0 10 to 10 10, you can take the train from Florence and get off at PisaCentrale or PisaS.Rossore

Pisa Rossore: Only the shuttle bus will stop. It is very close to the leaning tower of Pisa, and only takes 10 minutes to walk.

Get off at Pisa Central Station and walk for about 20 minutes to Miracle Square. Along the way, you will pass through the bustling business district, and you will actually arrive soon while walking.

Miracle Square is also called Cathedral Square. Besides the Leaning Tower of Pisa, there are domes of Pisa Cathedral and St. John Baptist Church beside the Leaning Tower. Pisa Cathedral, built in 1063, was the largest church in the world at that time, symbolizing the wealth and prestige of Pisa, while St. John Baptist Church, built in 12 century, was the largest Baptist church in Italy. These buildings were built by Pisa people to celebrate the war of defeating Arabs in Sicily.

The Leaning Tower of Pisa is the independent bell tower of Pisa Cathedral in Italy. Located behind Pisa Cathedral, it is one of the three major buildings in Miracle Square. The bell tower was built in 1 173. It was designed as a vertical building, but it tilted due to uneven foundation and soft soil shortly after the project started. Completed at 1372, the tower leans to the southeast. Now the tower has deviated from its natural posture by more than 5 meters.

: The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a Roman building.

The leaning tower of Pisa is an important building in architectural history. Before the serious tilt, its bold circular architectural design has shown its originality to the world. The Pisa Bell Tower is considered to be independent of these prototypes. To a greater extent, on the basis of drawing lessons from previous architectural experience, the circular building was independently designed and developed, forming a unique style of Pisa.

The leaning tower of Pisa leans because:

The leaning tower of Pisa should be a vertical building in the initial design, but it began to deviate from the correct position at the early stage of construction. The leaning tower of Pisa is inclined because of the particularity of the soil layer under its foundation.

There are several layers of soil under the leaning tower of Pisa. Various soft silt deposits alternate with very soft clay, and the groundwater layer is about one meter deep. This conclusion was reached after observing the composition of foundation soil. The bell tower was built on the ancient coast, so the soil was desertified and sank when it was built.

: The Leaning Tower of Pisa is a famous building in Florence, Italy. This is a tower built by a Catholic church, which is famous for its slight inclination. Galileo was one of the greatest scientists in the field of Italian Renaissance science. In order to illustrate his theory that heavy things fall as fast as light things, Galileo made a famous experiment that steel balls landed on the leaning tower of Pisa.