How did Xu Xiake become a saint?

The Values of Ancient Scholars in China

With people in most parts of the world at that time

Very different

Most people want to

Ascend to bliss, get rid of suffering, go to heaven, be saved.

In other words, live this life.

Is to go to a better place after death.

But for us literati,

Heaven is a history book.

Happiness is a tribute to future generations.

The highest dream is eternal life.

Become a saint

It is a dream, an ambition that dare not touch.

Mencius was a great virtue and only got the title of "Ya Sheng"

There is a man.

Doing nothing all my life.

Never won the list, never worked as an official, never tied the enemy, never wavered.

No one can do his best for the country and people.

He leads a chic and happy life.

Make a name for yourself, honor your ancestors, cultivate one's morality and govern the country.

Seems to have nothing to do with him.

But his name is firmly remembered by future generations.

His anecdotes have been sung to this day.

People call him "alive"

Everyone envies him.

But few people can live like him.

He is Xu Xiake.

Married in his twenties and started to travel.

Stay over half a year old.

Dragging your crippled body home.

For more than 30 years, I have walked through countless mountains and rivers.

Go to the most beautiful, charming, steep and magnificent places.

Make a book and a spirit with your whole life.

Light up the dreams of countless people in future generations.

1

Wen can write books.

Xu Xiake's Travels: The First Real Travel Best-seller Natural History 20 13 12.

Xu Xiake's Travels is Mr. Xu Xiake's travel diary.

During the journey, the chivalrous man was in distress, robbed, deprived of food and camped out many times.

However, no matter how difficult it is, he will keep a diary.

Every time I travel, I take a break.

At the same time, sort out the notes on the trip and write a Travel Diary somewhere.

Then start the next journey.

His descendants and folk book collectors

Will be in his diary of visiting Tiantai Mountain and diary of visiting Huangshan Mountain.

Diary of Wuyishan trip, diary of Yunnan trip, etc.

Collect and sort out a lot of essays.

Xu Xiake's Travel Notes, a collection of more than 600,000 words.

This book aroused the extensive interest of scholars in the late Ming Dynasty.

There are many handwritten versions handed down from later generations.

But due to war, money and other reasons.

It has not been printed in Fu Zi.

Until the reign of Qing emperor Qianlong

This book was first printed and put on the market.

Sure enough, it is very popular and its influence is very lasting.

Until now, it is still a best seller in the tourism industry.

Today, the "first day" in Xu Xiake's travels

May 19 (converted to Gregorian calendar)

It is designated as "China Tourism Day"

Chinese national geography described by Xu Xiake/Wang Xintian (20 16, 10).

Travels of literati in past dynasties

Most of them reminisce about the past and praise the present, and express their feelings by borrowing scenery.

Xu Xiake is different.

He is more willing to explore the causes of mountains and rivers and try to figure out the mysteries of nature.

Looking at the mountains

He often pays attention to the trend of mountains, folds and faults.

Rock characteristics, mineral vegetation, etc.

For example, in Tengchong, Yunnan

He recorded the geomorphological differences between the northern and southern slopes of the volcano.

Describe the characteristics of craters, sediments and pumice.

Watch the water.

He will pay attention to the scouring, handling and accumulation of running water.

Distinguish various types of river beds in the valley.

Springs are also divided into cold springs, hot springs, hot springs and boiling springs. ...

In addition to the description of the phenomenon of "physical geography"

It also includes local folk customs.

And his own strategies, feelings and adventures.

For example, the diet and customs of "western Guangdong" (now Guangxi) are very different from those of the Central Plains.

Let Xu Xiake an eye-opener, so I wrote it all down with great interest:

Long-lost Central Plains "Cut" (Ancient "Sashimi")

The fishing method of mixing cattle and horses in the river,

Bamboo rat meat in the restaurant

Wild bananas and lychees are used as snacks. ...

However, if the knight's diary only stays at

Eat, drink and be merry in Raiders mode.

No matter how precise and beautiful his writing is.

History will not praise him so much.

The travel notes of the chivalrous man really stand out in his landscape of rocks and rivers.

Close to scientific exploration and rigorous records.

The snow line he recorded in Cangshan, Yunnan

It has become an important basis for studying climate change in Yunnan-Guizhou region.

There was no navigation system in the Ming Dynasty.

Xu Xiake likes to record by himself.

Landmark, orientation, mileage, terrain and other information.

Then draw a detailed map.

What is rare is that his "hand-made" map is quite accurate.

Especially the records of Qixingyan and Nujiang in Guilin.

Similar to the surveying and mapping achievements of the 20th century.

It is the source of Yangtze River, Pearl River and Lancang River.

The source of many important water systems does not believe in the exploration of ancient classics and myths.

And a detailed study of karst landforms and volcanic landforms.

Xia Ke was pushed to the level of geographer and even "saint".

2

heroic and combatworthy

Xu Xiake describes the endless stone peaks on both sides of the Lijiang River, "Combination of Peaks", "chinese national geography" 20110 Photography/Teng Bin

"Life" Xu Xiake

22 years old on the road

I have traveled for more than 30 years.

Four long journeys

Footprint coverage 19 provinces, cities and autonomous regions.

After being away from home for a long time, he developed an extraordinary skill.

When I went to Huangshan Mountain, I met with heavy snow on the road.

When the steep cliff freezes, you dig a hole in the ice with an iron bar and climb it.

His trip to Huangshan coincided with the continuous heavy snow.

As soon as it clears up, he can't wait to climb the mountain

The "equipment" is just a bamboo stick, and it is difficult to get off the road because of the cold.

He dug a hole in the ice with the head of his cane and climbed up.

When I got to the mountain, I met a group of monks, and the other party was greatly surprised:

"We have been trapped in the mountains by heavy snow for several months.

How did you get up here? "

/kloc-there is no weather forecast in the 0/7th century.

According to his own experience, Xu Xiake "knows the sky from the clouds".

At the same time, collect meteorological and phenological data from all over the country.

When I went to Wang Feng in Wuyishan,

There is no road under the steep cliff.

He grasped the hanging thorn with his hand.

"Fall down"

In Songshan, Zhongyue

He also hung down the canyon from the top of the imperial room.

When exploring the cave of Zhenxianyan in Guangxi

Xu Xiake can cross from a python.

The Yandang Mountain in Shack's works is "steep peaks, such as cutting, saving, bamboo shoots and standing upright". chinese national geography 20 16 10 Photography/Wang Xintian.

When staying in Xiangjiang at night, a gang of bandits came, killing people with knives and stealing things.

Xiake jumped into the river decisively, swam against the current and escaped.

Although life was saved, property was lost.

Xu Xiake insisted on not going home:

If he comes back from distress, his family will not trust him to go out again.

As a result, he relied on a little money borrowed from his friends.

Completed this trip to Hunan.

Cliffs, wild animals, rapids and bandits are all helpless to him.

No equipment, no GPS, no rescue, no inn.

Even maps were incredible in ancient times.

Xu xiake's journey

It is a hardship that we modern people can't imagine.

three

Take the rugged road of Wan Li.

Make friends from all over the world.

Xu Xiake's travel route map "chinese national geography" 20 1 1 year 10.

Shaq's image has always been a lonely walker.

A man measures the earth with bamboo shoes.

Riding Wan Li for 30 years.

But in fact, from his diary and after his death,

How many friends spare no effort to collect his manuscripts can be seen.

A chivalrous gentleman in clothes

Open-minded and kind, friends all over the world.

From high officials to great scholars, from Tusi to monks, everything is all-encompassing.

Jinling hears monks silently.

Began the "Wan Li Expedition" with chivalrous men.

His destination was Jizu Mountain, a Buddhist shrine at that time.

They walked all the way, but they met bandits in Xiangjiang River.

I heard that the monk was stabbed twice and was seriously injured.

Don't forget to protect the classics and chivalrous travel notes after falling into the water.

Finally, when they arrived in Guangxi, monk Wen Jing died in Nanning.

No one can go to Jizu Mountain. He wants to make a pilgrimage.

His last wish was: "Bones can be removed when you die."

Shake's Hokkekyo, his bones and blood were stabbed in his back.

From Guangxi, to Guizhou, to Yunnan

These are the places where the prisoners were exiled at that time.

After a year's arduous journey, the chivalrous man experienced many difficulties and obstacles.

Finally arrived at Jizu Mountain.

In the Temple of Stan, Wen Jing's body was buried in a tower.

I finally fulfilled my promise to my friends.

Chinese national geography, Jizushan, Binchuan, Yunnan, June 5438+20021October Photography/Yang Shibin.

Finally, Huang Daozhou, a great scholar who fought to the death and died for his country.

At that time, the world was famous, and it was a model of scholar-officials' honesty.

He defended Yuan Chonghuan and was involved in prison.

1640, Shaq was 55 years old.

Seriously ill, his legs were disabled, he was carried back to his hometown in Jiangyin, and he was bedridden from then on.

I heard that my old friend who traveled arm in arm around the beautiful mountains and rivers in Fujian when he was young was in prison.

I am humble, and I am not afraid of being implicated.

He couldn't travel when he was seriously ill, so he asked his son to take his place.

Visit an old friend who traveled around the world together in prison.

It's cold in prison. Give him a warm coat.

Huang Daozhou wrote Shaq in bloody handwriting:

"Life and death are not easy, and those who cut the liver are the only ones who respect the public."

A year later.

Huang Daozhou was released from prison and exiled.

But his good friend Shaq has passed away.

The ancient ferry of Lancang River, from which Xu Xiake crossed the Lancang River to Yongchang. Chinese national geography, 2002, 10 photography/Xu

Qian, leader of the Communist Party of China, Liu Zhifu.

When he was desperate and wanted to convert to an empty door.

I only read one thing in my heart:

"The travel notes of Mr. Chivalrous Man are in this world.

Real people, Gate Temple, strange people.

It should not die.

Not only should the chivalrous spirit not dissipate.

This book is indispensable between heaven and earth. "

He wrote a biography for the chivalrous man and told future generations:

"Shaq is an ancient man,

Travel notes are a wonderful book through the ages.

If we can write such a wonderful book,

Pass it on and make it immortal.

This is a great achievement in history. "

Have such friendship.

Chivalrous men are never lonely.

four

Really unbeaten.

Yang Sheng Garden, the former residence of Xu Xiake in Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province, Museum 20 13 12.

Xu Xiake, travel around the world.

When you meet a river, you must find its source.

When you meet a mountain, you want to climb to its end.

Besides the highest, he wants to go to the highest place.

Find it, the farthest place at the end.

20 to 55 years old

He almost reached the last moment of his life.

Until finally caught a fatal boil in Yunnan.

Until the disease took away his legs and health

But it was not until he was sent back to his hometown in Jiangyin by a friend that he was bedridden.

He is still compiling Back to the Source, which he has been thinking about.

Dare to change the classic Shang Gong said:

Minjiang River is the source of the Yangtze River.

He proved with irrefutable actual geographical survey:

Jinsha River is the source of the Yangtze River.

Reading Xu Xiake's Travels is a great pleasure.

Between the lines, we can see our lovely Mr. Shaq.

Young or old, healthy or sick.

He walks like a child every moment.

Full of happiness

The whole book is happy.

Travel around the world, over mountains and mountains

It's not a professional migration, it's not for the benefit of businessmen, it's not a pilgrimage because of faith.

It's as simple as that. Love of nature.

Every step is a reward.

He said:

You can be at the top of the mountain in the morning and watch the morning clouds change light and shadow.

In the mountains at night, accompanied by rice porridge, watch the bright moon shine on the clear spring.

I wouldn't do anything for a thousand years to have such a day.

Xiake xiansheng

There is only one person through the ages.

Cloth is immortal.