For example, the difference between materialism and idealism.

Materialism holds that the essence of the world is matter, and matter determines consciousness.

There is a table in front of you. Why do you think it is a table? Because it is a table. Objective existence.

Idealism holds that the essence of the world is consciousness, and consciousness determines matter.

There is a table in front of you. Why does this table exist? Because you think it exists. If you close your eyes, it doesn't exist.

Materialism (materialism)

Explanatory materialism has two cores: one is material and the other is consciousness; Two laws: materialism monism (the principle of world material unity) and the principle of dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness.

material

Matter is a philosophical category of objective reality, which exists through human perception, does not depend on our feelings, and is copied, photographed and reflected by our feelings.

consciousness

1. the origin of body consciousness: it is the expression of the long-term development of the material world (nature and society);

2. Physiological basis of consciousness: the formation of consciousness is a highly developed material system-the function of the human brain is the material organ of consciousness;

3. The content of consciousness: consciousness is the subjective image of the objective world;

Consciousness is an approximate and dynamic reflection of objective existence, and any consciousness is a projection of objective existence, and the prototype can be found from objective reality, that is, there is no reflection without reflection;

The content of consciousness is objective, the form is subjective, and consciousness is the organic unity of objective content and subjective form.

In Marxist works, philosophy can be divided into two schools. Idealism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy and a theoretical system opposite to materialism. Idealism advocates the primacy of spirit, consciousness or idea, and the secondness of matter, that is, matter depends on consciousness and matter is the product of consciousness.

In non-Marxist terms, materialism holds that the world is absolutely objective, material and absolutely true. Everything is evolving on its own, independent of consciousness. The core of idealism is that the world is not absolutely objective, and the world depends on consciousness, and there is no objective practical demonstration coordinate.

Extended data

Subjective idealism: the essence of the world is consciousness, which is my consciousness. I am the essence of the world, and the world is in my heart. The representative figure is Wang Shouren of China, who puts forward that there is nothing outside his heart and thinks that the world is just an illusion in his heart.

Objective idealism: The essence of the world is consciousness, which is the consciousness of God. Under the control of God, everything develops according to God's will. Hegel, the teacher representing Marx, believes that there is a mysterious force in the depths of the universe-"absolute spirit", which dominates the development and changes of everything in the world.

Refer to Baidu Encyclopedia-materialism