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The Yellow River Cantata was written in the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. 1938 autumn and winter, the author marched with the anti-Japanese troops to the northwest Yellow River. China's magnificent mountains and rivers and heroic soldiers inspired the author's creation, and the call of the times prompted him to write a large-scale recitation poem Ode to the Yellow River with high patriotic enthusiasm, which was later rewritten into the lyrics of the Yellow River Chorus. The work consists of eight movements, showing the heroic spirit of the sons and daughters of the Yellow River with rich artistic images, magnificent historical scenes and majestic momentum.

Data 2: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, only next to the Yangtze River, with a total length of 5,464 kilometers. It winds through Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Suiyuan, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces, and flows eastward into the Bohai Sea, where more than 30 major tributaries and countless streams gather along the way, with a drainage area of more than 750,000 square kilometers. The middle reaches flow through the vast loess plateau, and many tributaries carry a lot of sediment into it, which is the river with the largest sediment concentration in the world. This river is yellow, hence its name. The Yellow River originates from the Zhanzonglie Canal at the northern foot of Bayan Kara, Qinghai, with an altitude of more than 5,400 meters, and the surrounding mountains are covered with snow all year round. There is a sea of stars at the source of the Yellow River, which is a swamp of countless small lakes. After leaving Xinghai, enter Eling Lake and Zhaling Lake to Maduo, bypass Jishishan and Xiqingshan, and cross Longyangxia to Guide, Qinghai, with a total length of 1900 kilometers. The Yellow River Basin is the birthplace of China culture. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, there were traces of humans here. Neolithic sites are all over the Yellow River. After entering the class society, the Yellow River basin has been the political, economic and cultural center of our country for a long historical period, and people affectionately call it the cradle of the Chinese nation.

From the establishment of the unified empire in Qin and Han Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, the Yellow River Basin remained the capital of our country and the center of politics, economy and culture. People of all ethnic groups living on the river have created more colorful cultures with their hard work and outstanding talents.

During the 1000 years from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, the working people on both sides of the Yellow River not only engaged in productive labor, but also built the Great Wall, opened canals, repaired canals, built palaces, monasteries and tombs, and carried out huge engineering construction. Up to now, many ancient buildings and artistic treasures have been preserved on the ground and underground in the Yellow River Basin. The Great Wild Goose Pagoda in Tang Dynasty in Xi, the White Horse Temple in Eastern Han Dynasty in Luoyang, the Mausoleum of Qin Shihuang and the Mausoleum of Han Dynasty in Shaanxi, and the stone Buddha in Longmen Grottoes in Henan all fully demonstrated the superb technical level and outstanding artistic achievements of ancient craftsmen.

Guang Weiran, formerly known as Zhang Guangnian, was born in 19 13 in Guanghua County, Hubei Province. 1927 attended middle school.

1938165438+10 After the fall of Wuhan in October, the famous poet Guang William. J led the third team of anti-Japanese drama to cross the Yellow River eastward from Hukou, Yichuan County, Shaanxi Province, and transferred to Luliang Mountain Anti-Japanese base area. On the way, I witnessed the Yellow River boatman struggling forward in the stormy waves, listening to the sonorous boatman's horn. After arriving in Yan 'an in June+the following year 10, 5438, he wrote the poem Yellow River and recited it at this year's New Year's Eve party. Xian Xinghai was very excited after hearing this, and said that he would create The Yellow River Cantata for the crew. In a crude earthen kiln in Yan 'an, Xian Xinghai persisted in writing for six days, and finished this historic large-scale vocal work The Yellow River Cantata. After that, it premiered in Yan 'an Northern Shaanxi Public School Auditorium, which caused great repercussions and soon spread all over China.

The Yellow River Cantata provided a brilliant example for China's modern large-scale vocal music creation. In the late 1960s, it was also adapted into a piano concerto.

Ode to the Yellow River was written in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period,

The lyrics of a solo song in the famous symphony The Yellow River Cantata,

The author's creative intention is to hope that during the period of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression,

Arouse the people's love for the Chinese nation

And the national consciousness of defending their homeland to the death.

Although the era he created is far from ours,

But that bold, bold, powerful poem and strong emotion,

Today, reading it can still cause our buzz.

Arouse our pride as descendants of the Chinese nation.

Xian Xinghai was born on June 1905 13 (the 11th day of the fifth lunar month), and his ancestral home is Panyu, Guangdong. His father, Xian Xitai, was a boatman and died at birth. His mother Huang Suying is a rural woman. Xian Xinghai lived on his grandfather since he was a child. His grandfather died when he was six years old. He went to Nanyang with his mother and studied the Four Books and Five Classics in an old school. Then I transferred to an English school run by the British to study English. When I was eleven years old, I transferred to a higher primary school run by overseas Chinese, studied for two years, returned to Guangdong, entered the middle school affiliated to Lingnan University, and went to college. In order to make a living, I have been working part-time.

1924, Xian Xinghai completed her studies and worked as a typist, worker, evening teacher and music teacher in Lingnan University. At the age of 21, I went to Beijing to study the theory and violin learned by Peking University Conservatory of Music, and worked as an assistant in Peking University Library. The following year, I went to Shanghai National Conservatory of Music to study. 1929 left the national conservatory of music and joined the south China drama club organized by Tian Han.

1930, 25-year-old Xian Xinghai went abroad to Paris, France, where she studied violin under Obedover. During his six years in Paris, he studied at the National Paris Conservatory of Music and the Conservatory of Music founded by Vincent d''Indy, and worked as a handyman and musician in a restaurant, a nail salon and a coffee shop. His early works, such as The Wind (Trio), were obviously influenced by Paul Duca and Dandy who he followed in those years.

Xian Xinghai returned to China in the late summer of 1935, changed his creative direction, took part in the surging national defense music movement, and began to compose the first symphony, working for EMI record company. However, he soon resigned due to disagreement with the company and was transferred to Xinhua Film Company as the music director of Top Gun, Midnight Singing and Youth March.

1937, Xian Xinghai created and dubbed plays such as Sunrise and Thunderstorm. After the "August 13th Incident", he joined the Second Team of Shanghai National Salvation Drama and went to Zhejiang, Henan and Hubei for publicity. He stayed in Wuhan at the end of the year and worked in the Third Hall of the Political Department of the Military Commission. Co-chaired the Wuhan Anti-Japanese War Music Movement with cutie and others. In the following year 1 1 month, the work of the three museums was blocked and he went to Yan' an to serve as the director of the music department of Lu Xun Art College. At the beginning of 1937, he created works such as The Yellow River Cantata, Production Chorus and Ximeng Chorus.

1940 In May, Xian Xinghai left Yan 'an to study music in the Soviet Union. 1in April, 945, he finished his last work Rhapsody of China due to illness.1died in Moscow on October 30th at the age of 40. During his last five years in the Soviet Union, Xian Xinghai completed many instrumental works, including the first symphony National Liberation, the second symphony Jihad, the first orchestra suite Rear, the second orchestra suite Lyle, the third suite Lyle, the fourth suite Red River, the third symphony Life in China and Chinese Dance.

2. Introduction to The Yellow River Cantata

The Yellow River Cantata is the most representative and well-known work of Xian Xinghai. Music was born on the worst day before the Anti-Japanese War, 1938 1 1 month after the fall of Wuhan. The famous poet Guang William. J (Zhang Guangnian) led three teams of anti-enemy dramas to retreat and cross the Yellow River, which inspired the poet's creative inspiration. Arriving in Yan 'an in January of the following year, the long-simmering poetry broke out, written as Yellow River poems, and performed in recitation on New Year's Eve. At that time, Xian Xinghai, who was the director of the Music Department of Lu Xun Art College in Yan 'an, was deeply moved before the recitation took place. In a small hole, he wrote for six days. Completed on March 3 1 day of the same year. On April 13, Wu Xiling conducted the premiere of the third anti-Japanese team in the Great Hall of the People in northern Shaanxi, and on May 1 1 day, Xian Xinghai conducted the performance of Lu Xun's performance team.

Li Huanzhi, a famous composer who has now become the president of China Musicians Association, recalls his performance of The Yellow River Cantata in Yan 'an, and has such a vivid description: "It is impossible to form a complete band in the border area where material conditions are extremely scarce. At that time, all musical instruments were used as much as possible, except three or four violins, namely erhu, sanxian, flute, lyre and percussion instruments. If you don't have a music stand, make a music stand with boards. If you don't have a bass instrument, do it yourself. Look at the right corner of the band, there is a new "weapon", which is a bass huqin transformed from a gasoline drum. It makes a sonorous metallic sound and sings the magnificence of the Yellow River. Look at the profile of this new "weapon". It is a new "weapon". It's a big enamel jar with a dozen or twenty spoons for eating. When the Yellow River Boatman Song was recited, "Then listen!" As soon as he finished singing, the conductor waved his arm, and this new percussion instrument made a "crash" sound, echoing the orchestra and gongs and drums, and cooperating with the chorus's "Cough, paddle! "...", set off the trend of galloping horses.

The first performance of the Yellow River Chorus was divided into eight segments, but somehow he accompanied it with three strings, and the third segment of "How the Yellow River Water Moves Out of Heaven" recited by human voices was often omitted. It is said that it is difficult to find an actor who is qualified for this kind of recitation in wartime, so it is omitted and it has become a practice over time. In terms of creative techniques, Xian Xinghai used the western "chorus" form and chorus and harmony writing skills to create The Yellow River. As far as the subject matter is concerned, it has artistically shaped the reality and people's life, making The Yellow River Cantata a work of art with Chinese style, China style and sense of the times. Today, in the 1990s, the birth time and life background of the Yellow River are completely different from those of the Yellow River half a century ago, but the spiritual inspiration of this work to the Chinese nation still exists, and it is still exciting every time it sounds. That's the reason.

Perhaps today, we will have a deeper understanding of the appreciation of this work by revisiting the Creation Notes written by Xian Xinghai 1943 to 1945 in the Soviet Union.

"This chorus was written on March 26th 1939 and completed on March 3rd1day. Written in Lu Xun Art Academy in Yan 'an, an anti-Japanese base area in northern Shaanxi. The third team of the cross-time drama came to postpone. Comrade Guang William. J wrote the lyrics of Yellow River and gave them to me for music. After the writing, Wu Xiling, the third team, conducted the first performance in Yan 'an Northern Shaanxi Public School Auditorium on April 13. Then two Lu Yi anniversary parties were held on May 1 1 Sunday and 12, which were well received by all circles in Yan 'an.

Later, there was a big party in Yan 'an, such as welcoming Vice President Zhou, Commander-in-Chief Zhu, General Deng Baoshan, Mao Dun, representatives of Shen Zhiyuan and Mongolia, and the investigation group, condolence group and northwest photography group of the National Government, all centered on The Yellow River Cantata. This song was written in a small cave in Lu Yi (the former site of Lu Yi). For the departure of the third team, I spent five or six days writing the soundtrack and chorus. Because this choir is popular everywhere in front and behind, I have long been interested in writing as a staff, and it is best to have a symphony orchestra to accompany the choir, but I am busy with educational affairs and creation, so I can't write it for the time being. But in the spring of 194 1, I successfully completed it. This orchestration method can be used in Europe, America and other countries, which is more international than the previous notation, but at the same time, this work is a national form with progressive skills.

This choir was repeatedly conducted by me when I was performing in Yan 'an. The choir increased from 100 to 500, with more than 20 bands, mostly using Chinese musical instruments. The audience could hardly hold on, and the sound could be heard far away.

When I was still in Yan 'an, people told me that both Chongqing and domestic newspapers mentioned that The Yellow River Cantata was the pioneer of new music during the Anti-Japanese War. 1940 When I was in Ann's office in the summer, Xiaosan told me that his wife saw an English newspaper reporting The Yellow River Cantata and me in Moscow. Kars Gheit 1940, a famous journalist and photographer in the Soviet Union, wrote articles in International Literature and Flags published in Moscow, including comments about me and The Yellow River Cantata. Of course I won't be satisfied with this. Especially one day, all the teachers and students of Luyi got together. Comrade Wu said that my efforts and The Yellow River Cantata won international praise. After listening to this, I began to feel ashamed, because the works I want to create over the years should be fruitful on the one hand and concise on the other. The Yellow River Cantata's success means nothing to me. I will redouble my efforts to contribute my energy and painstaking efforts to the great Chinese nation. I am gradually ashamed that my writing is not good enough for the people!

So I wrote the first symphony "National Liberation" and other works, but I will write my last breath. I never forget that Dan told us before he died at the age of 83 that he wanted to write and still wanted to finish his article on Richard Wagner! At the age of seventy-three, romain rolland still wanted to learn Russian because he discovered the treasure of Russian literature. When Beethoven died, he said,' I just wrote a few notes ...' What am I? Compared with them, it is much worse. Don't you work harder? "

Appreciation of Yellow River Chorus

Creative background:

Xian Xinghai's return to China was deeply painful for the nation's peril, and he knew the sufferings of the people. At the critical juncture of national peril, he stood in the forefront of national struggle. He is convinced that the China * * * production party is the mainstay of the Chinese nation, and he joined the China * * * production party. For the sake of national liberation and "roaring for the war of resistance", he wrote songs with a vertical pen. 1939, he went to visit the young poet in his hospital bed, listened to him recite Ode to the Yellow River, and told the magnificent scene of the roaring and flowing Yellow River. In a week and a half, I finished the score of eight movements and all the accompanying music. He wrote the musical epic of the Chinese nation in this era.