Changquan question bank

After the founding of New China, the State Sports Commission comprehensively sorted out and compiled Changquan, which was widely circulated among the masses, according to its style and characteristics. Changquan is a new kind of boxing developed in recent 30 years, which is mainly routine. The new boxing method is not only suitable for the basic training of Wushu, but also for the improvement of competition and technical level. The same characteristics of this kind of boxing are: generous, fast and powerful, obvious rhythm and many ups and downs.

The word "Changquan" was first recorded in Ji Xiaoshu's "Summary of Boxing Classics" written by Qi Jiguang in Ming Dynasty: "In ancient and modern Boxers, Song Taizu had 32 potential Changquan." In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Taiji Changquan spread again. Wang Zongyue's Thirteen Poems said: "Those who have been boxing for a long time are like the Yangtze River and the sea." The "Changquan" mentioned here is actually Tai Ji Chuan, which is far from today's Changquan, and it is two kinds of boxing with different contents and characteristics. The content of Changquan includes basic skills, single practice routines and double routines. There are two kinds of single practice routines:

(1) Prescribed routines: uniformly formulated by the State Sports Commission and divided into group A, group B and group C (primary). Each group has five routines: long fist, knife, sword, gun and stick, and each routine consists of prescribed movements with different difficulty and quantity.

(2) Optional routines: In order to meet the needs of competition and improvement, Wushu competition rules stipulate the number of movements and groups of optional routines. There are uniform requirements for the specifications and time to complete the routine. If the content includes at least three hand types: fist, palm and hook; Bow, horse, servant, virtual, rest five steps and a certain number of fist, palm, elbow and different groups of leg movements and balance, jump and other movements; There are also strict rules on the time to complete the routine. New breakthroughs and innovations have been made in action structure, arrangement, speed, difficulty and jumping in the air, making the boxing equipment routine of Changquan the main content of Wushu competition. With the vigorous development of Wushu, the training of Changquan has a clear direction, emphasizing the standardization of movements, paying attention to skills and strengthening the sense of attack and defense, and putting forward the development direction of "high, difficult, beautiful and new". Make Changquan a kind of boxing deeply loved by the people and gradually move towards the international sports stage. There are many methods of Changquan, such as punching, splitting, collapsing, piercing, smashing, pushing, picking, lifting, splitting, splitting and elbow. Leg methods mainly include bouncing, kicking, kicking, clicking, shoveling, kicking, closing, swinging, patting and sweeping. There are all kinds of throwing, holding, jumping, balancing and so on. Its sports characteristics are stretching, hitting the ball forcefully and smoothly, fast and powerful, flexible and changeable, jumping and jumping, more leg movements, distinct rhythm and great momentum.

Second, the basic technology

(1) Aauto Quicker: The technique of Changquan should be "like a meteor", swift, agile and powerful. This is true not only when the fist and arm are waving, but also in the subtle movements of the palm and wrist. To achieve the requirement of "boxing is like a meteor", it is necessary to loosen the shoulders and move the elbows, so that the joints such as shoulders, elbows and wrists can be relaxed and smooth in the exercise, and take the lead in a sudden and unexpected way.

(2) Eyes should be Ming Rui: The eyes of Changquan should be bright and sharp. Eye movement is not a separate activity in Changquan. "It must' follow the eyes' and' follow the eyes'. The technique should be as swift, agile and powerful as a meteor, so the eyes should be as bright and sharp as lightning. This change of eye manipulation from hand to eye is not only closely related to manipulation, but also related to neck movement. Follow your eyes. You should also look around, look up and down, have a flexible neck and change your face quickly. At the same time, the eye method also involves the problem of action intention. Generally speaking, the action of long fist has its purpose. Attack if you advance, and defend if you retreat. Even the static fist posture contains the intention of waiting for an opportunity. Eye technique is the key to express action intention and vivid expression. Therefore, the eye method must be to "press the manual" and "turn a blind eye to the situation" to discuss electricity with Ming Rui.

(3) The body should be flexible: the posture of Changquan should be "like a snake" and flexible, flexible and free. Body posture can be divided into inquiry, rotation, expansion, contraction, folding, bending, leaning, leaning and so on. Most of these posture changes are dominated by the waist. Therefore, the posture of "waist like a snake" requires that all postures should be as flexible and tortuous as snakes during exercise, on the other hand, the flexibility of thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae should be better; Make movements both rigid and flexible, both rigid and flexible, and both rigid and flexible. . Flexible and powerful movements, twists and turns, can be coordinated and vivid. Body posture includes chest, back, waist, abdomen and buttocks. Under the average long fist. In sports, when moving from active action to static action, we should pay more attention to ways and means such as chest-lifting, straight back, waist-closing, abdomen-closing and hip-closing. When you are positive, you need to be flexible. "The body changes with the potential", and different postures and hands are adopted according to different movements. Coordination of eyes, steps and legs.

2 Introduction to Changquan

(4) Steady footwork: The footwork of Changquan should be "sticky", light and steady. "Look at the first step, then look at the first hand"; "fist is easy, but it is difficult to do it"; "Unstable steps lead to chaotic boxing, slow steps lead to slow boxing", and footwork plays an important role in long boxing. Therefore. When exercising, we must make all kinds of footwork brisk, and when standing, we must be as firm as a tax stuck to the ground, without lifting our feet or pulling our heels. It should not be affected by the activities of upper limbs and trunk, but should provide necessary stable conditions for the activities of upper limbs and trunk. In this way, we can move smoothly and the footwall is solid and powerful.

(5) Exquisite and full: The spirit of Changquan needs to be full and full. Be as thunderous as a thunderbolt, as angry as a river, and show the spirit of "anger". However, this surging "anger" is not manifested in the face, but absorbed in the movement. Full of energy and momentum, the boxing potential can be vigorous and powerful. "Anger" is by no means the fierceness of staring straight and grinning. To achieve the spirit of "anger", we must have the fighting consciousness of Wushu and put ourselves in a situation full of fighting. Only in this way can the movement of Changquan be thunderous and magnificent.

(6) Spirit should be heavy: the breathing of Changquan should be "straight and deep". This is because breathing and sucking are related to the persistence of action and the promotion of strength, that is, the promotion of qi. Changquan generally has complex structure, big fluctuation, high speed and great strength, which determines that Changquan is strong and needs a lot of oxygen. If you are not good at mastering and using Shen Dantian's abdominal breathing method, it is easy to make qi and blood upwell and make the breath swim in your chest. When the gas goes up, it will be empty and short of breath, which will lead to insufficient oxygen, and insufficient oxygen will lead to insufficient strength. If the strength is insufficient, it will not make the exercise lasting, and it will also cause dizziness, nausea, pallor and disorder, and the balance of exercise will be destroyed. Therefore, when exercising, you must use abdominal breathing and be good at "storing gas", so as to make the exercise last and keep the balance of the exercise. In addition to sinking, Changquan has three ways of breathing, namely, lifting, holding and gathering, which are collectively called "lifting, holding, gathering and sinking". When these breathing methods change with movements, they always follow the basic requirement of "keeping the qi flat". At the same time, the application should be natural, not artificial.

(7) The power should be smooth: the power of the long fist should be smooth. If the force is not smooth, it will also make the action stiff and stiff. Changquan avoids "stiff strength and hard strength" and emphasizes "smooth strength". To work hard and go smoothly, we must start from the' three sections' and' six links'. Three segments, as far as upper limbs are concerned, the hand is the sharp segment, the elbow is the middle segment and the shoulder is the root segment. For the lower limbs, the foot is the tip joint, the knee is the middle joint and the hip joint is the root joint. Liuhe is the coordination of hand, elbow, shoulder, foot, knee and hip. Only by mastering the "three knots" and "six in one" can the action be open-minded.

(8) Virtue should be pure: the skill of Changquan should be "pure in merit". "Gong" here refers to physical qualities such as strength, speed, endurance, agility and various sports skills. The so-called "pure" means "pure but not miscellaneous" and perfect. "Merit should be pure" is the requirement for the technical quality of Changquan. To make the technical quality reach the level of pure youth, it is very important to strengthen practice under the premise of technical norms. Kung fu comes from practice. Only by persisting in exercise and perseverance can physical fitness and sports skills be continuously improved, skills be improved, and technical quality be gradually improved from impure to pure.

(9) Legality of Four Strikes: "Four Strikes" are the four rules of Wushu: kicking, hitting, throwing and taking. All long fists containing offensive and defensive actions are generally inseparable from these four types of offensive and defensive rules in content. These four laws all have their own specific contents and motion modes. The rules of kicking are kicking, ending, bouncing, hitting, swinging, sweeping and hanging. The rules of fighting are rushing, bumping, squeezing, leaning, collapsing, splitting, picking, smashing, supporting, slavery, holding, blocking, picking, giving examples, hooking and copying. The rules of wrestling are shed, gong, kicking, sliding and wrestling. Climb, take, put, smash, hook, etc. ; The rules of taking are tricky, taking, locking, keeping, sealing, receiving, wrong and cutting. These contents have their own way of movement. Changquan is very strict with the specific content of the four offensive rules of kicking, hitting, throwing and taking. If you don't strictly abide by the rules of these sports methods, it is impossible to express their different true meanings, and you will lose the original intention of the long fist attack.

(10) Potential is figurative: Changquan has twelve kinds of dynamic potential and static potential, such as dynamic potential, static potential, starting potential, falling potential, standing potential, turning potential, folding potential, light potential, heavy potential, slow potential and fast potential. The twelve images in natural things are used to compare these twelve dynamic and static trends, so technology is needed. The traditional "Twelve Styles" are like this: the trend of sports is like waves, and the momentum of sports is as exciting and continuous as the waves of rivers and seas, and there is still a clear and stable feeling in Ma Benteng. "Move with rhyme" and "move with sound". Quiet as Yue: The static potential is as high as a mountain, as if being pushed by some powerful force. Start with an ape: the tendency to jump should mean that apes are smart, agile and agile when jumping. Falling like a magpie: the falling trend should be as light and smooth as a magpie falling on a branch. Standing like a chicken: the trend of independence on one leg, especially when it changes from active action to static independent action, should be like this. When the chicken suddenly hears something while running, it immediately stops and curls up one foot. Showing a steady and steady movement. Standing like a pine and cypress: The posture of standing with two feet should be as vigorous and straight as a pine and cypress, and it should be proudly full of vitality in stillness, so that stillness and movement are closely linked, that is, "there is movement in stillness". Turn like a wheel: the trend of rotation should turn around an axis like a wheel, and it is necessary to be good at creating and mastering the axis of movement in order to achieve the requirement of "round" folding like a bow: the trend of folding refers to twisting the body, waist and other rotating actions. Just like a bow, the more it folds, the more powerful it becomes, and it contains a rebound, not a very soft and powerless fold. Only by rebounding the folding trend can we highlight the change of action. As light as leaves: the trend of light floating should be as light as leaves to meet the requirements of "floating" as iron; the trend of heavy floating should be as heavy as the strength of steel, but "heavy and avoid cruelty" should not be gnashed. Slow as an eagle: slow as an eagle hovering in the air, with determination, slow and fast, but' slow and avoid the temperature'.

3 Introduction to Changquan

"Slow and easy to slack off", we should prevent action from slacking off. As fast as the wind: the trend should be as fast as a gust of wind, but "fast" should be avoided. "Fast and explosive", heat can hide from others, but after all, it will make mistakes, so it must be fast and barren.

The basic skills of Changquan-the basic skills and rules of Changquan include: vertical ridge on the top of the head, relaxation of limbs and tightening of toes; Smooth shape and force, fast and quiet movement; Expressing feelings with eyes and helping feelings with qi; Yin and Yang are interdependent and complement each other.

Vertical ridge on the top of the head, relaxing limbs and tightening fingers (toes) are the basic techniques of static posture of Changquan. "Top vertical item" refers to the static posture of long fist, which requires pushing on the top of the head to make the head and forehead straight, the chin naturally slightly closed and the spirit uplifted; The spine is vertical, so that the trunk is straight, not crooked or oblique. Among them, the cervical vertebra is vertical, which promotes the neck to be vertical upwards; The thoracic vertebra is vertical, which promotes the chest to stand slightly forward; Vertical lumbar spine promotes lumbar collapse; The coccyx is vertical, causing the buttocks to sag.

"The limbs are relaxed and the fingers (toes) are tightened" means that the long fist posture also requires the limbs to be relaxed and stretched, and the fingers and toes are tight and hard. Among them, the characteristics of shoulder relaxation are that the shoulder is slightly relaxed and expands backwards, which increases the front stiffness and left and right diameter of the chest and increases the volume of the chest; Comfortable hip is characterized by two hips sinking downward, without stiff legs, and the step range formed by the separation of legs is wider than that of other boxing types, thus forming the characteristics of long boxing. Two fingers and two toes are tight and hard, combined with the collar on the top of the head, which can pull the tendons of the trunk and limbs, showing "muscle strength" and making the fist open but not scattered, big but not empty. If the head is not strong, it will cause the trunk to bend; If. If the two toes are not tight, it will lead to unstable support; If the fingers of both hands are not tight, the upper limbs are slack. The basic skills of the action form of Changquan are smooth form and force, fast and quiet action.

"Harmony of form and force" means that the dynamic movement of Changquan requires the coordination of external body and smooth conduction of internal force axis. The technical principle of "hypotaxis" is "the pointed collar is fixed and the middle section is smooth; The rotating shaft is stable and the shaft tips guide each other. " The technical principle of "Li Shun" is "sparse and absorb the old, adjust the shape and create momentum; Rushing down and shouting, every inch is powerful. "

The combination of "conformity" and "obedience" in the boxing style shows that the appearance depends on internal strength, not together, indicating that the movements are in step. This movement law of unity of force and form is the basis of "moving quickly and staying still" in Changquan movement.

"Move fast" means to move like a fist, moving inside and outside the body together. Moreover, they are quick in action, quick in heart (quick in reaction), quick in eye (electro-oculogram), quick in hand (like a meteor) and fast in step (slow in step means slow in fist). The renovation is as quick as thunder, showing the long fist characteristics of Aauto Quicker's slow hand.

"Quiet" means that the fist moves fast, fast is fast, and when it arrives, it is quiet. After the renovation, the fist style suddenly stood still like a mountain, which reflected the rhythm characteristics of the long fist movement. To convey the spirit with eyes and help the potential with qi is a technique that combines eye method, qi method and long fist potential.