Nobel Prize and Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize was founded with part of the legacy of Alfred bernhard Nobel (1833- 1896), a famous Swedish chemist and inventor of nitroglycerin explosives. Nobel prizes include gold medals, certificates and bonus checks.

Nobel was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He devoted his life to the study of explosives and made great achievements in the study of nitroglycerin. He not only engaged in theoretical research, but also engaged in industrial practice. He obtained 355 patents for technological inventions in his life, and opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth.

1896 10 February 10, Nobel died in Italy. A year before his death, he left a will. In his will, he proposed to use part of his legacy (9.2 million US dollars) as a fund to award five prizes to scholars all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and equality.

Accordingly, the Swedish government approved the establishment of the Nobel Foundation in June 1900, and awarded the Nobel Prize for the first time on the fifth anniversary of Nobel's death the following year, namely 190 1, 12, 10. Since then, in addition to the wartime interruption, grand awards ceremonies will be held on this day every year in Stockholm, Sweden and Oslo, Norway.

On the occasion of the 300th anniversary of 1968 CCB, the Swedish Central Bank provided funds to add the Nobel Prize in Economics (the full name is "Nobel Prize in Economics in Memory of Alfred Bernd by the Swedish Central Bank", also known as "Nobel Prize in Economics in Memory"), which was awarded at the same time as the other five prizes of 1969. The selection principle of the Nobel Prize in Economics is to award those who have made significant contributions in the field of economic science research, and give priority to those who have made significant contributions in the early stage.

1990, Klaus Nobel, the great grandson of Nobel, proposed to add the Nobel Earth Prize to the winners of outstanding environmental achievements. The award was first presented in World Environment Day on June 5th, 199 1.

The amount of the Nobel Prize depends on the income of the foundation, ranging from about 65,438+065,438+0,000 pounds (365,438+0,000 dollars) to 30,000 pounds (72,000 dollars). Due to inflation, the face value of bonuses increased year by year, initially about $30,000, $75,000 in the 1960s and $220,000 in the 1980s. The gold medal weighs about half a pound, contains 23K gold, is about 6.5cm in diameter, and has a Nobel relief image on the front. Different awards and medals have different back decorations. The design of each award certificate also has its own style. The award ceremony is grand and simple, and the number of people attending the ceremony is limited to 65,438+0,500 to 65,438+0,800 each year, among which men should wear tuxedos or national costumes and women should wear serious evening dresses. The white flowers and yellow flowers used in the ceremony must be flown in from San Morey, representing respect for knowledge.

According to Nobel's will, in the whole selection process, the winners are not influenced by any nationality, nationality, ideology or religion, and the only criterion for selection is the size of achievements.

According to the Nobel will, the physics prize and chemistry prize are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Science, the physiology or medicine prize is awarded by the Royal Caroline Medical College of Sweden, the literature prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy of Literature, and the peace prize is elected by the Norwegian Parliament. The economics prize is awarded by the Science Prize of the Royal Swedish Academy. Each awarding unit has a Nobel Committee composed of five people responsible for the selection work, which is held every three years. The selection process is as follows:

—— From September to the following year1October 3 1 candidates recommended by various Nobel Prizes. There are usually 1000-2000 candidates recommended every year.

—— Those who are qualified to recommend candidates are: previous Nobel Prize winners, members of the Nobel Prize jury, distinguished university professors, invited professors of the Nobel Prize jury, presidents of writers' associations (literary prizes), and international conferences and organizations (peace prizes).

-Don't volunteer.

-The Swedish and Norwegian governments have no right to interfere in the selection of the Nobel Prize, and cannot support or oppose the recommended candidates.

—— From February 1 day, the Nobel Prize jury will screen and review the recommended candidates, and the work will be kept strictly confidential.

-In mid-June, 5438+10, the Nobel Prize winners were announced.

-65438+February 10 is the anniversary of Nobel's death. On this day, the Nobel Prize awarding ceremony was held in Stockholm and Oslo respectively, and the King of Sweden attended and presented the prize.

The Nobel Prize didn't have a math prize, and it was circulated because the person he liked was with a mathematician.

List of previous Nobel Prize winners

19011210 the first nobel prize was awarded.

German scientist Roentgen won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering X-rays.

Dutch scientist Van Tohof won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure law.

Berlin, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for using serum therapy to prevent diphtheria and tetanus.

The French writer Sally Prudholm wrote essays such as Destiny, Happiness and Eyes. Works such as On Art and Poetry won Nobel Prize in Literature.

Swiss Gyanen won the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the International Red Cross, and Frenchman Parsee won the Nobel Peace Prize for founding the International Peace League and the Inter-Parliamentary Union.

190265438+February 10 The second Nobel Prize was awarded.

Lorenz, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing electronic theory, and Zeeman, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering Zeeman effect of magnetic force on light.

German scientist Fischer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing purine and its derivative peptides.

American scientist Ross won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that plasmodium was introduced into human body through Anopheles mosquitoes.

Goba of Switzerland won the Nobel Peace Prize for creating international peace, and Gui won the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating peace and opposing war.

German historian Cedell Manson won the Nobel Prize in Literature.

1903 12 10 the third nobel prize was awarded.

French scientist becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering natural radioactivity, and the Curies won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering radioactive element radium.

Swedish scientist Arrhenius won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the ionization theory of electrolyte solution.

Danish scientist Finn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for using phototherapy to treat skin diseases.

Beyonce, a Norwegian writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for The History of Rome and the Laws of Roman Countries.

Kramer, an Englishman, led International Working Men’s Association to win the Nobel Peace Prize for arbitrating international disputes and promoting international peace movements.

1904 12 10 the fourth nobel prize was awarded.

British scientist Rayleigh won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering argon.

British scientist Ramsey won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering six inert substances and determining their positions in the periodic table of elements.

Russian scientist Pavlov won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his great contribution to the study of digestive physiology.

The Spanish writer Echegaray Eizaguirre won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Drama on the hilt, The Last Night and Doubt, and the French writer mistral won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Mihai and Queen Na Ren.

The International Law Association was founded in 1873 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting international peace and cooperation.

1905 12 10 the fifth nobel prize was awarded.

German scientist Lerner won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on cathode rays.

German scientist Bayer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on organic compounds such as organic dyes and organic spices.

German scientist Koch won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for developing bacteriology.

Polish writer Senkowitz won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel trilogy "Where Are You Going?".

Sunat, a strong Austrian woman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for actively promoting world peace.

1906 12 10 the sixth nobel prize was awarded.

British scientist Thomson won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on gas conductivity.

French scientist Mu Wasang won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for separating elemental fluorine and inventing Mu Wasang furnace.

Italian scientist Gorky and Spanish scientist Ramon Cahal shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their research on the structure of nervous system.

The Italian writer Carducci won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem Ode to Satan and his book A Study of Early Italian Literature.

American President Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for successfully mediating the Japan-Russia conflict.

1907 12 10 the seventh nobel prize was awarded.

American scientist Michelson won the Nobel Prize in physics for measuring the speed of light.

German scientist Boschner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discovery of cell-free fermentation.

French scientists won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role of plasmodium in the pathogenesis.

British writer Rudyard Kipling won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem Song of the Barracks and his novel Jim.

Moneta, an Italian, won the Nobel Peace Prize for persistently propagating the concept of peace, while Renault, a Frenchman, set an example for solving international disputes.

1908 12 10 the eighth nobel prize was awarded.

French scientist Lippmann won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the reproduction of color photos.

British scientist Rutherford won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on element transformation and radiochemistry.

German scientist ehrlich won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for inventing "606", and Russian scientist Mechnikov won the Nobel Prize for his research on immunity.

German writer Ou Ken won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his great thinker's outlook on life.

Swedish Arnold Sen tried his best to run for the peaceful dissolution of the Norwegian-Swedish alliance, and Danish Bayer won the Nobel Peace Prize for his active participation in the international peace movement.

1909 12 10 The 9th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Italian scientist Marconi and German scientist Braun shared the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing wireless telegraph technology.

German scientist ostwald won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his pioneering work in catalysis, chemical equilibrium and reaction speed.

Swiss scientist Kirchl won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in thyroid physiology, pathology and surgery.

The Swedish writer Lagrov won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Story of Gustav Behring.

Belgian beernaert won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating international disputes and striving for arms limitation, and Frenchman De constance won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the reconciliation between France and the United States.

19101210 The 10th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Dutch scientist van der Waals won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on gaseous and liquid engineering.

German scientist wallach won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his pioneering work in the synthesis of alicyclic compounds.

Russian scientist Kausel won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research in cytochemistry, protein and nucleoplasm.

German writer Heyzer won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Proud Child and Love between Heaven and Earth.

189 1 The International Peace Peace Bureau won the Nobel Peace Prize for safeguarding world peace and promoting international cooperation.

19111210 The 11th Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientist Wayne won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the law of thermal radiation.

French scientist Marie Curie (Madame Curie) won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering radium and polonium and separating radium.

Swedish scientist Gullstrand won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on refractive optics of eyes.

Belgian writer maeterlinck won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his plays The Jade Bird and The Mona Wana.

Austrian Friede won the Nobel Peace Prize for creating several publications promoting peace and establishing the International Press Association.

19121212 The 12th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Dutch scientist Darren won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the automatic regulator of navigation lights.

German scientist Grignard won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering organic hydride by Grignard reagent method, and French scientist Sabatier won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying the application of metal catalytic hydrogenation in organic synthesis.

French doctor Karel won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for vascular suture and organ transplantation.

German writer Hoptmann won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his play The Weaver.

The United States won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the signing of 24 bilateral arbitration agreements.

19131210 The 13th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Dutch scientist Kaman Linonis won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the properties of matter at low temperature and producing liquid helium.

Swiss scientist Werner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his role in the bonding of protons in molecules.

French scientist Chet won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on allergy.

Tagore, an Indian poet, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poems The Crescent Moon and Chittaglia.

Belgian diplomat Lafontaine won the Nobel Peace Prize for urging the Geneva Peace Conference to adopt a resolution to stop air combat.

19141210 The 14th Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientist Laue won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the X-ray diffraction of crystals.

Richards, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for accurately determining the atomic weights of several elements.

Austrian scientist Barani won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on vestibular organs.

19151210 The 15th Nobel Prize was awarded.

William Henry Bragg and British scientist Wellcome lawrence bragg won the Nobel Prize in physics for analyzing the crystal structure with X-rays.

Wiltate, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on the chemical structure of chlorophyll.

French writer romain rolland won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel john cleese Dover.

19161210 The 16th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Swedish writer Hayden Stein won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poem The Age of Pilgrimage and Wandering.

19171210 The 17th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Bakla, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the characteristic emission of X-rays to elements.

Gillerup, a Danish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Migrant Workers of the Germans, and Pontoppidan, a Danish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels Promised Land, Lucky Peter and Ghost Country.

The International Committee of the Red Cross was founded in 1863 and won the Nobel Peace Prize for its great work in establishing communication between prisoners of war and their families.

19181210 The 18th Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientist Planck won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing quantum theory and discovering fundamental quantum.

German scientist Haber won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing ammonia.

Note: Only two Nobel Prizes have been awarded this year.

19191210 The 19th Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientist Stark won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the Doppler effect of positive ion rays and the splitting of light in electric field.

Belgian scientist Boulder won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering immunity and establishing a new immunodiagnostic method.

Swiss writer Spieler won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his epic Spring in Olympia.

American President Wilson won the Nobel Peace Prize for his initiative to create the League of Nations.

1920 12 10 The 20th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Guillaume, a Swiss scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering abnormal properties in alloys.

German scientist Nernst won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the third law of thermodynamics. (reissued in 192 1 year)

Danish scientist Clough won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the regulation mechanism of capillaries.

The Norwegian writer Hamson won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Growth of the Earth and Victoria.

Bourzweil, a Frenchman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his great contribution to the creation of the League of Nations.

192 11210 The 2nd1Nobel Prize was awarded.

German-American scientist Einstein won the Nobel Prize in physics for explaining the principle of photoelectric effect.

British scientist Soddy won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on radiochemistry and the existence and properties of isotopes.

French writer Francois won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel Modern Historical Stories.

Swede Branyan and Norwegian Langer shared the Nobel Peace Prize for advocating international peace.

1922 12 10 The 22nd Nobel Prize was awarded.

Danish scientist Bohr won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying atomic structure and its radiation.

Aston, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering many isotopes and atoms by mass spectrometer.

British scientist Hill was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that muscles produce heat, while German scientist Meyerhoff was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying oxygen consumption and lactic acid metabolism in muscles.

Spanish writer Benavent Martinez won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Bet and Saturday Night.

Norwegian Nansen won the Nobel Peace Prize for leading the international famine relief work.

1923 12 10 The 23rd Nobel Prize was awarded.

Millikan, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for measuring electron charge and studying photoelectric effect.

Austrian scientist Fritz fritz pregl won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his microanalysis of organic matter.

Canadian scientist Wan Jin and British scientist mcleod shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for their discovery of insulin.

Irish writer Ye Zhi won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her poetic drama Catherine in the Lake.

1924 12 10 The 24th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Sigman, a Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on X-ray spectroscopy.

Dutch scientist Ainto Finn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the mechanism of electrocardiogram.

Raymond, a Polish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Farmer.

1925 12 10 The 25th Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientists Frank and Hertz shared the Nobel Prize in physics for clarifying the law of energy conversion when electrons hit atoms.

Austrian scientist Sigmund Mondi won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for elucidating the multiphase nature of colloidal solutions.

The Irish writer Bernard Shaw won the Nobel Prize in Literature for Joan of Arc.

British Prime Minister Chamberlain won the Nobel Peace Prize for conspiring to sign the Locarno Convention, and American humanitarian Weiss won the Nobel Peace Prize for formulating Dawes Plan.

1926 12 10 The 26th Nobel Prize was awarded.

French scientist Palin won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the discontinuity of material structure and measuring atomic weight.

Svederborg, a Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing a high-speed centrifuge and applying it to the study of highly dispersed colloidal substances.

Danish doctor Fibiger won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on cancer.

Italian writer Deleda won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novels After Divorce, Ashes and Mother.

Frenchman Briander won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the signing of the Locarno Peace Treaty, while German Le hessman won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to the understanding of European countries.

1927 12 10 The 27th Nobel Prize was awarded.

American scientist Compton won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the wavelength change of scattered X-rays, and British scientist Wilson won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing a cloud chamber where charged particles can be seen.

German scientist Vilander won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering cholic acid and its chemical structure.

Austrian doctor Jauregg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying psychiatry and treating paralytic dementia.

The French philosopher Bergson won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his philosophical work "Evolution of Creation".

Bisson, a Frenchman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for seeking peace and reconciliation with France and Germany, and Quaid, a German, won the Nobel Peace Prize for opposing illegal military training.

1928 12 10 The 28th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Richardson, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the basic law of the relationship between electron emission and temperature.

German scientist Windaus won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying the relationship between propanol and its vitamins.

French scientist Nicole won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research on typhus.

Undset, a Norwegian woman writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Daughter of Christian Loveland.

1929 12 10 The 29th Nobel Prize was awarded.

De Broglie, a French scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for proposing that particles have wave-particle duality.

British scientist Harden won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on sugar fermentation and the role of enzymes in fermentation, while Swedish scientist Ajele Sherpin won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on sugar fermentation and the role of enzymes in fermentation.

Dutch scientist Aikman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamin B 1 for preventing beriberi, and British scientist Hopkins won the Nobel Prize for discovering vitamins for promoting life growth.

German writer Herman won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Budenbrooks.

American Kellogg won the Nobel Peace Prize for signing the Kellogg briand Convention.

1930 12 10 The 30th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Indian scientist Raman won the Nobel Prize in physics for studying the scattering of light and discovering Raman effect.

German scientist Fischer won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying heme and chlorophyll and synthesizing heme.

Karl Landsteiner, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying the classification of human blood types and discovering four main blood types.

American writer Lewis won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Main Street and Babbitt.

Swede Saad Bloom won the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to seek world peace.

19311210 The 3rd1Nobel Prize was awarded.

German scientists Bosch and Bergeron won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing the high-pressure method applied to high pressure.

German scientist warburg won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the function of respiratory enzymes.

Carl Felt, a Swedish writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his poetry collection Song and Love in the Wasteland.

American Adams won the Nobel Peace Prize for fighting for the rights of women and black immigrants, and American Butler won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting international mutual understanding.

1932 65438+February 10 The 32nd Nobel Prize was awarded.

Heisenberg, a German scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for proposing the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.

American scientist Langmuir won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for proposing and studying surface chemistry.

British scientist Adrian won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the function of neurons, and British scientist Sherrington won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the law of central nervous reflex activity.

John Galsworthy, an English writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Forsytes.

1933 12 10 The 33rd Nobel Prize was awarded.

British scientist Dirac and Austrian scientist Schrodinger won the Nobel Prize in physics for establishing wave equations in quantum mechanics.

American scientist Morgan won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for establishing the theory of chromosome inheritance.

Soviet writer Puning won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel The Gentleman from San Francisco.

Angel, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for demonstrating the absurdity that war will bring benefits to the country.

1934 12 10 The 34th Nobel Prize was awarded.

American scientist Yuri won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for the discovery of heavy hydrogen.

American scientists Minot, Murphy and whipple shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for discovering the liver preparation for treating anemia.

Italian writer Pirandello won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his play Six Dramatists Looking for Authors.

Henderson, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for his passion for arms reduction.

1935 12 10 The 35th Nobel Prize was awarded.

British scientist chadwick won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering neutrons.

French scientist Aurio Curie won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for synthesizing artificial radioactive elements.

German scientist Spearman won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the tissue effect of embryos.

German Auschwitz gene exposed Germany's secret rearmament and won the Nobel Peace Prize.

1936 12 10 The 36th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Austrian scientist Hess won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering cosmic radiation, and American scientist Andehring won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering positrons.

Debye, a Dutch scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on dipole moment and diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gas.

British scientist Dell and German scientist Craig Levein shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for discovering the chemical transmission of nerve impulses.

American writer O 'Neill won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his plays Beyond the Horizon and Desire under the Elms.

The Argentine Lama won the Nobel Peace Prize for his contribution to ending the war between Bolivia and Paraguay.

1937 12 10 The 37th Nobel Prize was awarded.

American scientist Davidson and British scientist Thomson shared the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the diffraction phenomenon of electrons in crystals.

British scientist Hovaughn won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on carbohydrates and vitamins, Swiss scientist Kahler won the Nobel Prize for his research on carotene, flavin and vitamins, and Hungarian scientist Saint Geji won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of vitamin C. ..

French writer Martin Dugard won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel John Barova.

Cecil, an Englishman, won the Nobel Peace Prize for maintaining international peace.

1938 12 10 The 38th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Italian scientist Fermi won the Nobel Prize in physics for making artificial radioactive elements by neutron radiation.

German scientist Kuhn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on carotenoids and vitamins. However, due to Nazi obstruction, he was forced to give up the award.

Belgian scientist hymans won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the role of strong aortic sinus and aortic sinus in respiratory regulation.

American woman writer Pearl Buck won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Good Earth.

Established in 193 1, Gaosen International Refugee Office won the Nobel Peace Prize.

1939 12 10 The 39th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Lawrence, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing the cyclotron.

German scientist Butenandt won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his work on sex hormones, and Swiss scientist Luzika won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on polymethylene and sex hormones. Butenandt was forced to give up accepting the prize because of Nazi obstruction.

German scientist Domagk won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the antibacterial effect of sulfanilamide, but he gave up because of Nazi obstruction.

Finnish writer Schlumberger won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novel People on a Summer Night.

The Nobel Prize from 1940 to 1942 was interrupted by the outbreak of World War II.

1943 12 10 The 43rd Nobel Prize was awarded.

American scientist Stern won the Nobel Prize in physics for inventing proton magnetic moment.

Hungarian scientist Hevesy won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for using isotopes as tracers in chemical research.

Danish scientist Damme won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering vitamin K, and American scientist Deus won the Nobel Prize for studying the chemical properties of vitamin K. ..

1944 12 10 The 44th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Rabbi, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

German scientist Hahn won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the fission of heavy nuclei.

American scientists erlanger and Gasser shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the high functional differentiation of a single nerve fiber.

Danish writer Zhan Sen won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his historical novel Long Journey.

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize to the International Committee of the Red Cross for funding its work.

1945 12 10 The 45th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Austrian scientist Pauli won the Nobel Prize in physics for discovering the principle of quantum incompatibility.

Finnish scientist Virtanen won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for inventing acidified storage of fresh feed.

British scientists Fleming, Flory and Qian En shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering penicillin and its clinical effects.

Chilean writer mistral won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his achievements in Spanish poetry creation.

American Hull won the Nobel Peace Prize for promoting the birth of the United Nations.

1946 12 10 The 46th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Bridgman, an American scientist, won the Nobel Prize for Physics for his series of discoveries in the field of high-pressure physics.

American scientist sumner won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering the crystallization of enzyme, while American scientists Northrop and Stanley won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for producing the pure crystallization of enzyme and pathogen protein.

American scientist Mahler won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the variation caused by X-ray irradiation.

Swiss writer Heather won the Nobel Prize in Literature for her novel The Glass Ball Game.

Bucky, an American, won the Nobel Peace Prize for participating in the establishment of the American Women's Federation and the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom. Mott, an American, won the Nobel Peace Prize for establishing a worldwide Christian organization.

1947 12 10 The 47th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Appleton, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for his discovery of the Aptom layer of the ionosphere at high altitude.

British scientist Robinson won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on alkaloids and other plant products.

American scientist Corey and his wife won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the catalytic effect of pituitary hormones on glycogen during glucose metabolism, while Argentine scientist Jose won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying the effects of pituitary hormones on animal metabolism.

French writer Gide won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his novels The Man Who Despises Morality and the Pastoral Symphony.

The British Quaker Society, founded in 1927, has set up activity centers all over the world, while the American Quaker Society, founded in 19 17, won the Nobel Peace Prize for helping refugees from various countries, especially women and children.

1948 12 10 The 48th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Blackett, a British scientist, won the Nobel Prize in physics for his discoveries in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation.

Tiselius, a Swedish scientist, won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis of serum protein.

Swiss scientist Miller won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for synthesizing highly effective organic pesticide DDT.

Eliot, an English writer, won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his long poem Quartet.

1949 12 10 The 49th Nobel Prize was awarded.

Japanese scientist Hideki Yukawa won the Nobel Prize in Physics for discovering mesons.

American scientist giauque won the Nobel Prize in chemistry for studying the properties of materials at ultra-low temperature.

Swiss Hess shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that midbrain has the function of regulating visceral activities, while Portuguese scientist moniz shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering the effect of removing white matter to treat mental diseases.

American scientist william faulkner won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his contribution to contemporary American novels.

Englishman Boende Orr won the Nobel Peace Prize.

1950 12 10 The 50th Nobel Prize was awarded.

British scientist Powell won the Nobel Prize in physics for his research on nuclear photography and the discovery of mesons.

German scientists Dills and Alder shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering and developing the double dilution synthesis method.

American scientist Hench won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering cortisone to treat rheumatoid arthritis, while American scientist Kendall and Swiss scientist Leichstein won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for studying adrenocortical hormone and its structure and biological effects.

British writer Russell won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work Defending Humanitarian Ideals.

American Benazir won the Nobel Peace Prize for mediating the Arab-Israeli war and signing an armistice agreement.

19511210 The 5th1Nobel Prize was awarded.

British scientist Kirk Rafter and Irish scientist Walton shared the Nobel Prize in physics for accelerating the evolution of nuclear particles.

American scientist