What does the deformation observation of buildings include?

1. External deformation observation refers to the change of the external shape and spatial position of the deformed body, such as inclination, crack, vertical and horizontal displacement, etc. Therefore, deformation observation can be divided into vertical displacement observation (often called settlement observation), horizontal displacement observation (often referred to as displacement observation), inclination observation and crack observation;

Deflection observation (linear displacement perpendicular to the axis caused by the deflection of the foundation, superstructure or members of a building under the action of bending moment), wind vibration observation (deformation observation caused by strong wind), sunshine observation (deformation observation caused by uneven sunlight heating), and foundation pit rebound observation (observation of soil uplift at the bottom of the pit caused by unloading soil weight during foundation pit excavation).

2. Internal deformation observation refers to the changes of internal stress, temperature, water level, seepage and seepage pressure of deformed body. Usually, surveyors are mainly responsible for the observation of external deformation, while the observation of internal deformation is generally carried out by other relevant personnel.

Compared with conventional measurement, a remarkable feature of deformation observation is that the measurement accuracy is higher, generally reaching millimeter level, and the important sensitive deformation should reach 0. 1mm or even 0.01mm. Therefore, deformation observation mostly belongs to precision measurement.

Extended data

The monitoring object and deformation body can be large or small, which can be the whole earth, an area or an engineering building. Therefore, deformation observation can be divided into global deformation observation, regional deformation observation and engineering deformation observation.

In addition, for engineering deformation observation, deformation bodies and monitoring objects can be various buildings (structures) or natural or artificial objects related to engineering construction such as machinery and equipment, so engineering deformation observation can be divided into industrial and civil building deformation observation, hydraulic building deformation observation (such as dam deformation observation), underground building deformation observation (such as tunnel deformation observation), bridge deformation observation, construction site deformation observation, landslide (deformation observation) and so on.

It can be further divided into deformation observation of foundation pit and supporting, deformation observation of foundation, deformation observation of superstructure, deformation observation of adjacent buildings and facilities, etc.

Through deformation observation, on the one hand, we can monitor the deformation of buildings (structures), so that once abnormal deformation is found, we can analyze, study, take measures and deal with it in time to prevent accidents and ensure the safety of buildings and buildings (structures) (therefore, deformation observation is often called deformation monitoring);

On the other hand, through the analysis and research of building deformation, we can also check whether the design and construction are reasonable, feedback the construction quality, and provide a basis for revising and formulating design methods, specifications and construction schemes in the future, thus reducing engineering disasters and improving the ability to resist disasters. It can be seen that deformation observation is of great significance and must be highly valued.