Common sense of photographic lens

1. When taking pictures, what should the lens pay attention to, and the focal length.

Basic knowledge of photography that beginners should know. After buying a camera, the first thing we should do is to familiarize ourselves with the instructions.

Instructions can guide us to master the machine as soon as possible. Some friends think it's a waste of time, so they just flip through the instructions and throw them aside.

In fact, reading the instructions carefully will not waste time, but will save you a lot of time and let you master the camera faster and better. Only by mastering the operation method of the camera you bought can you shoot more easily and without obstacles.

If we read the instructions carefully, we will find many tiny functions or settings. One of the advantages of shooting more, thinking more and summarizing more digital cameras is that there is almost no cost when shooting, and there is no need to consider the cost of use. Therefore, it is necessary to shoot more and practice as much as possible from the beginning and master the use of the camera as soon as possible.

But after the filming, we must sum it up. Summarize why your photos are good and why they are not good, so as to improve or improve them next time.

Another advantage of digital camera is that there is EXIF information in the photo file. In EXIF, we can see a series of parameters such as shutter, aperture, focal length, exposure mode and metering mode when shooting.

Remember to check this information when summing up. The method of checking EXIF is very simple. We can check it through some software, such as ACDSEE. We open the photo in ACDSEE, then right-click and select "Properties", and EXIF information will appear.

We can also select "Title" in the "View" menu, and then fill in "F= S=", so that we can directly display this information when browsing photos. After mastering the operation method of the camera, we can't shoot too much, but we should be precise.

This requires us to think about what to shoot and what to show when shooting. At the same time, it should be noted that the photos taken should have a certain theme.

Hold the camera steady. Some friends find it easy to hold the camera steady. In fact, this problem seems simple, but in fact, many novices can't do it well.

Holding the camera steady is the premise of taking clear photos. When we hold the camera, we can hold the camera handle with our right hand and the camera bottom with our left hand.

Elbows should pinch the body. In addition, don't use your hands too hard, your wrists must be relaxed, not too nervous, not too hard.

Otherwise, your hands will get tired quickly, and the camera will keep shaking because of muscle tension. As for our feet, we can open them shoulder-width apart.

Be careful not to press the shutter too hard and be gentle when shooting. When shooting a moving object, try to ensure that the lens does not follow the movement unless special effects are needed.

In fact, these are very basic. But if you want to be a master photographer, these must be done well.

Reasonable use of tripods Many people think that tripods are dispensable. In fact, the reasonable use of tripod can ensure the clarity of your photos. The tripod is actually used to keep the camera stable. Don't think that you really have an iron fist and can keep the camera stable under any conditions.

Usually, when the shutter speed is lower than the safe speed, that is, the reciprocal of the focal length, the photos taken may become blurred because of the unconscious shaking of the hand. Although some of them are slight, once the photos are enlarged to 10 inch or more, they will be completely exposed. Usually, tripod is most needed in poor light, especially when taking night scenes or macro photos, and using the telephoto end of a large zoom camera.

Sometimes we just don't have a tripod at hand, so it doesn't matter. We can use some objects as tripods. For example, put DC on a table or shoot under a tree.

Only when the camera can remain stable can we take good photos. Get more knowledge If you don't know the basics of photography and are eager to become a master photographer, then I suggest you buy some books on photography.

What we need to know most is how to expose, measure and compose correctly. Perhaps the best photography book is the textbook of the New York Institute of Photography. There are two books in this set. The first book is more important for beginners.

In addition, at present, many newspapers and magazines also have some space to introduce digital cameras and shooting skills, and we can also have a look. Browsing photography websites can also give you a lot of knowledge you need.

The purpose of browsing these websites is very clear. One is to see the experience and summing-up skills of friends who use the same digital camera, and the other is to see the photos taken by others. If you want to get out of the ranks of novices as soon as possible, the Internet may be your shortcut.

At present, there are many websites in China that we can visit. The more famous ones are computer room, Dipai video, color shadow infinite and so on. Besides, there is another way to improve your level, which is to post your photos on the forums of these websites for others to comment and make suggestions.

The use of exposure mode Many novices will use automatic exposure mode when taking pictures. Indeed, the automatic exposure mode is the simplest shooting mode.

However, it also has many limitations. In fact, we can try to use the program exposure mode.

This mode is actually used in the same way as the automatic exposure mode.

2. Basic knowledge of lens language

Goodbye:

According to the different distance and perspective of the scene, it is generally divided into:

Extremely distant prospect: extremely distant lens scenery, people as small as ants.

Foresight: the far-reaching lens landscape, the characters only occupy a small position in the picture. Wide field of vision is divided into three levels according to the distance of the scene: large field of vision, large field of vision and small field of vision.

Panorama: a picture containing the whole subject and the surrounding environment. It is usually used to introduce the environment of film and television works, so it is called the widest lens.

Panorama: a film and television picture that captures the whole body of a character or a small scene, which is equivalent to the scenery in the "stage frame" of a drama or song and dance theater. In the panorama, you can clearly see the movements of the characters and their environment.

Small panorama: the actor is "indomitable" and is in a much smaller and relatively complete specification than the panorama.

Mid shot: commonly known as the "seven-point image", it refers to the lens that captures the part above the calf of a character, or is used to shoot a scene equivalent to this. It is a common scene for performing scenes.

Bust scene: commonly known as "bust", it refers to the scenery from the waist to the head, also known as "close-up in the middle".

Close shot: refers to the film and television pictures taken above the chest, sometimes used to show a certain part of the scene.

Close-up: refers to the camera shooting objects at close range. Usually, the head above the shoulder of the human body is used as a framing reference to highlight a certain part of the human body, or the corresponding object details and scene details.

Close-up: Also known as "close-up of details", it refers to the part that protrudes from the head, or a certain detail of the body or object, such as eyebrows, eyes, bolt, trigger, etc.

Second, the camera movement (shooting mode)

Push: push the lens, push the lens, that is, the subject does not move, and the shooting machine moves forward to shoot. The shooting range is changed from large to small, which is divided into fast push, slow push and hard push, which is essentially different from zoom push.

Pull: the subject is still, and the shooting machine pulls back. The viewing range changes from small to large, and it can also be divided into slow pull, fast pull and quick pull.

Shake: the camera is still, the fuselage moves up and down, left and right, and rotates on the chassis on the tripod, so that the audience can look around and look at the people or things around them as if they were standing in the same place.

Moving: Also called moving shooting. Broadly speaking, all kinds of sports shooting methods are mobile shooting. But in general, mobile photography refers to placing a camera on a vehicle and shooting objects while moving along a horizontal plane. The combination of panning and panning can form a panning shooting mode.

Follow: refers to following the shooting. Follow-up is one kind, and there are follow-up, follow-up, follow-up, follow-up and so on. Will combine more than 20 shooting methods such as following, pulling, moving, ascending and descending. In short, the methods of follow-up are flexible and diverse, so that the audience's eyes are always fixed on the human body and objects being followed.

Hold up the camera.

Put down: Put down the camera.

Bow: Bow and arrow, often used to show the overall appearance of environment and occasions in a macro way.

Yang: Yang school often means tall and solemn.

Swing: Swing shot, that is, scanning shot, refers to the sudden transition from one subject to another as a means of scene change, without traces of editing.

Hanging: Hanging photography, sometimes including aerial photography. It has a wide range of expressive force.

Empty shot: also known as empty shot and scene shot, it refers to a pure scene shot without characters (whether people or related animals) in the play.

Cut: the generic term for the conversion lens. Any shot clip is a "clip".

Synthesis: refers to comprehensive shooting, also known as comprehensive lens. It combines several shooting methods such as pushing, pulling, shaking, moving, following, ascending, descending, leaning, leaning, spinning, throwing, hanging and flying into one lens to shoot.

Length: refers to the long lens. Film and television can be defined as a continuous picture of more than 30 seconds.

Counterattack: refers to shooting a scene of two people, and the camera shoots in the opposite direction. For example, shooting a man and a woman sitting and talking, first shooting the man from one side, then shooting the woman from the other side (close-up, close-up, bust), and finally cross-editing to form a complete clip.

Zoom shooting: The camera does not move, so that people or things in the distance can be clearly seen by changing the focal length of the lens, or the close shot becomes blurred from clear.

Subjective shooting: also known as subjective lens, that is, the lens that expresses the subjective sight and vision of the people in the play often plays the role of visual psychological description.

3. Lens knowledge in photography

"What are the characteristics of a successful photographic work ..." Wide-angle or ultra-wide-angle visual impact is often used, such as plateau scenery, architecture and so on.

Works with good portraits basically use telephoto ends and large aperture lenses to form a sense of oppression! However, this is not static. Some good works are good at using the lens instead of focusing on the use of the lens in a certain aspect. There are also good works that use wide-angle perspective to shoot portraits, and also use compressed air formed by telephoto. In short, the use of the lens is not static, but it is very important for the author to use the marks on the lens flexibly. Let me give you a few examples: AF-S DX Nick18-200mm F/3.5-5.6g EDVR II This is a Nikon nikkor lens, "AF-S" stands for autofocus, and DX stands for APS-C format lens, which means this lens is not a Quan Huafu lens. 18-200 refers to the zoom range, and F/3.5-5.6G refers to the maximum wide-angle aperture of 3.5 and the maximum telephoto end of 5.6, that is, the floating aperture. ED refers to the lens containing ED, which can effectively eliminate dispersion, VR is anti-shake with lens, and finally II refers to the version and second generation of this lens.

Another example is AF-S Nicole 70-200mm f/2.8G ED VR II. The aperture of this lens is F/2.8, that is, the maximum aperture of the lens at any focal length is 2.8. We call it constant aperture. Another example of Sony is Vario-Sonnar T *16-35mm F2.8ZASSM. This is a lens designed by carl zeiss Sona with a T * coating of carl zeiss. 16-35 is the zoom range, F2.8 is the constant aperture, ZA is the autofocus lens designed by carl zeiss for Sony, and SSM refers to.

Well, having said that, the most important thing is to look at these items: First, the focal length, not the bigger the variable, the better, basically the best within 3 times, and the imaging with large-scale zoom is absolutely not good, such as 18-200, which is useless except for convenience, so the imaging with fixed focus lens will always exceed zoom! Second, the aperture, the bigger the better. Generally, the maximum zoom lens is 2.8, and some psychopaths like Olympus can get 2.0, but the aperture of fixed-focus lens can be made very large, such as 1.2+ 1.4. Third, pay attention to whether there are special optical and mechanical equipment. Such as ED dispersive lens, aspheric lens, SSM ultrasonic focusing motor, T* or nano-coating, etc. With these, your imaging will get better and better.

In fact, as long as you see the price, you know that good lenses are expensive.

4. SLR camera lens knowledge, what should I pay attention to?

1, 18-200mm and other numerical values are the legendary focal length. Just like the focal length of the eye or a magnifying glass, a camera lens is similar to a magnifying glass, and these values are his focal length. 30- 100 of the wide-angle end below 30mm belongs to the calibration area, and above 100 belongs to the telephoto area, which has been introduced upstairs.

Different focal lengths should be used according to different shooting requirements. 2. The aperture of SLR is adjustable. You can turn the aperture with the lens and see that the circle in the middle will become bigger and smaller. This is the aperture.

In fact, digital cameras can adjust the aperture, but some card machines can automatically adjust the aperture, not manually. 3. There is no standard for the choice of entry-level lens. If so, it is estimated that it should be considered from the aspects of price, function, imaging quality and brand. Beginners should not buy anything too expensive. Moreover, I don't buy many lenses with different focal lengths at the beginning, and I can't use them after buying them, so I recommend several models: 65438. 2. Tenglong (Chinese name Longteng) 17-50mm f/2.8 has good focal length, excellent imaging, large aperture, easy to carry, and can be used for landscapes and portraits. Every evaluation is more quality than Canon L head, and a better focal length can be your usual head.

It is the vice factory that will encounter problems such as out of focus (that is, inaccurate focus and blurred shooting); 3. If the telephoto lens is a Canon EF-S 55-250/4-5.6 IS lens (Canon is an anti-shake telephoto lens), this is just a choice that you have no money but want to take a long view. If you have money, it is not recommended. It is recommended to buy Canon EF 70-200/2.8L IS USM (legendary white) or Canon Guo Xuwei with the same focal length and no image stabilization. These two models are the best. But the aperture is very important. The larger the aperture, the more expensive the lens. You should do your best. The aperture size is not as big as you think. For example, Canon EF 70-200/2.8L is USM, and its maximum aperture is written as 2.8, which is actually 1/2.8, that is, the reciprocal, so the smaller the value, the larger the aperture, and it is a multiple of the root number 2.

For example, if you have a funnel, the size of the funnel mouth is the size of the aperture. Now you have to pour the paint into the bucket and use a big funnel, which will be faster, but it will splash in all directions (that is, the main body of the big aperture is clear and the background is blurred); With a small funnel, although it will not splash, it is slow (that is, the subject and background of small aperture imaging are very clear). Zoom range means that the focal length of this camera is 18-200mm.

Refers to the range of zoom lens from wide angle to narrow angle (short focal length to long focal length). Refers to the span between the maximum and minimum focal lengths of a zoom lens.

The larger the focal length range, the more convenient it is to use, but the lens with high requirements for lens quality and low quality has a large focal length range and poor imaging. This lens is also known as the mirror of walking the world and a good helper for traveling.

Also, the larger the focal length, the more suitable for shooting the distant view.

5. Basic knowledge of camera lens

What does lens focal length mean? What is a standard lens? What is a telephoto lens? What is a short-focus lens? What is a zoom lens? What are their uses, advantages and disadvantages?

Focal length is an important parameter of optical lens. When a beam of parallel light passes through the convex lens along its main axis, it will converge to a point on the other side of the convex lens, which is called the focal point, and the distance from the focal point to the optical center of the convex lens is called the focal length of this convex lens. Photographic lenses, like convex lenses, have standard focal lengths, long focal lengths and short focal lengths. Focal length = the diagonal length of the imaging frame is called standard lens 135. The diagonal of the camera frame is 58mm, the diagonal of the camera 135 is 58 mm, and the diagonal of the camera 120 is 75 mm: the lens that is longer than the standard lens is called a long focal length lens, and the lens that is shorter than the standard lens is called a short focal length lens. Lenses with different focal lengths have different modeling characteristics, for example, short focal length lenses have the characteristics of wide viewing angle, large depth of field, large perspective effect and small imaging. These characteristics are used in creation, that is, modeling means. A lens with variable focal length is called a zoom lens, and the ratio of the shortest focal length to the longest focal length is called the zoom multiple of the zoom lens. Under the same shooting distance, the larger the zoom factor, the more significant the scene change. From the focal length, the lens with wide angle and large zoom factor is the best, which is mainly used for professional photography, with high cost and the most expensive price.

6. Master answers to the knowledge about photographic lens.

I seem to have seen this problem, somewhere else.

The clarity of a photo has nothing to do with whether the lens is telephoto or short-focus. Whether it is telephoto or short focus, you can take very clear photos.

If the photo is not clear, the possible reasons are:

1, the focus is inaccurate and out of focus, resulting in blurred theme and clear background. You should get a great depth of field by focusing carefully or using a small aperture.

2. When shooting with a camera in poor light, the camera will automatically choose a slower shutter, resulting in unclear picture. In this case, you should use a tripod or a fixed camera, or use a flash.

3.ISO is too high, resulting in a lot of noise on the screen. In this case, ISO should be lowered.