Mozi is an anthology of China during the Warring States Period.

Mozi (about 480 ~ 420 BC) was an ancient thinker and founder of Mohism in China. Mingzhai. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, at the beginning of the Warring States Period, Lu people. Mozi came from humble origins. In addition to writing books and teaching disciples, he also participated in some political activities in his life. He was a doctor in the Song Dynasty and had been to Wei, Qi, Chu and Yue countries. When King Hui of Chu was defeated as an attacking soldier, he intended to attack the Song Dynasty for Chu. Mozi heard the news and walked for more than ten days and nights to stop him in Chu. In the later years of King Hui of Chu, Mozi wrote to King Hui. He has a good relationship with Wen Jun, a noble of Chu. We know so much about Mozi's deeds.

Mozi has works handed down from generation to generation. There are seventy-one pieces of Mozi recorded in the Records of Han Literature and Art, and eighteen pieces were lost later, so there are only fifty-three pieces of Mozi in this edition. Among them, Shang Xian, Shang Tong, all love, non-attack, frugality, mourning, heaven, Ming Gui, Le Fei, Fei Ming and so on. Most of the rest were written after Mohism. Among them, Jing, Jing Shuo, Daqu and Xiaoqu are all works of debate, mainly discussing human epistemology and logic. They may have been written in the late Warring States period, which is a masterpiece of the debate on the collection of names and an important material for studying the Ming debate in the Warring States today (see Mo Jing). Eleven articles, such as "Preparing the City Gate" and "Miscellaneous Guarding the City", mainly focus on guarding the city. They should be literary works of military novels and poems, and also witness the Mohist school's good defense. There are also some works, such as Pro-Scholar, Self-cultivation and Dyeing, which are suspected by predecessors, not Mohist.

Huai Nan Zi said that Mohism "learned Confucianism and was influenced by Confucius". Both Mohism and Confucianism regard poetry and calligraphy as classics, but Confucianism respects Zhou and Mohism respects Xia, which are not only different in academic origin, but also incompatible with each other for a long time. Confucianism develops Mohism, Mohism is not Confucianism. It is not reliable to say that Mozi is a Confucian.

Mozi believes that Mozi's theoretical thought mainly includes the following points: ① Love without attacking. The so-called universal love requires the monarch, father, son and brother to love each other at the same time. "If you love yourself," you think that the phenomenon that the rich help the weak, the rich despise the poor, the nobles are arrogant and inferior in society is caused by the fact that everyone in the world does not love each other. The ghost of Tian Zhiming. It is a major feature of Mohism to preach the superstition of destiny and ghosts. Mozi believes that heaven has the will, which not only determines the movements and changes of the stars, seasons, cold and heat in nature, but also dominates the politics of the world. Because "God loves the people deeply", the monarch will be punished by heaven if he violates God's will, otherwise he will be punished by heaven. For ghosts and gods, Mozi not only believes in their existence, but also believes that they will reward the monarchs or nobles on earth and punish them. ③ Shangxian County, Shang Tong. Shang Tong demanded that the people be equal to the son of heaven. Mozi believes that the monarch is the sage of the country, and the people should take the right and wrong of the monarch as right and wrong. He also thinks it is important to know the above situation, because only in this way can we reward good and punish evil. Shang Xian asked the monarch to use the Shang Xian, that is, to appoint sages and get rid of corruption. Mozi attached great importance to Shang Xian and thought that Shang Xian was the foundation of politics. He especially opposed the monarch's use of flesh and blood relatives, but ignored the origin of saints, and put forward the view that "officials are impermanent and expensive, and the people have no end." 4 save money. Thrift is a point that Mohist school emphasizes very much. They criticized the extravagance and waste of monarchs and nobles, especially against the custom of long funeral and heavy burial valued by Confucianism. It is believed that monarchs and nobles should live a very simple life like ancient Dayu, and Mohism also requires practice in this respect.

Mohism is an important school in the Warring States period, and it is also known as a prominent school with Confucianism, and its followers are all over the world. Among Mozi's disciples, the famous ones are Bird Slip □, Princess, Gong, Sui Dynasty Zi and Zi. Han Feizi said that after Mozi's death, Mohism was divided into three schools: Xiangrichi, Xiangfu and Deng Ling. Mohism was trusted and valued by many monarchs. "Learning to be excellent is an official, and there are countless people in the world."

At that time, the Mohist school in Qilu and Song Dynasties was called the Oriental Mohist school, and the Mohist school in Chu and Yue was called the Southern Mohist school. There are also many Mohists who entered the state of Qin. Since King Huiwen, a group of Mohists have received courtesy and trust from Qin. The "Preface Gate" in Mozi today was written by Mohist in Qin State, which shows that Mohist has great influence in Qin State.

Mohist school is strict with self-discipline, and Zhuangzi said, "Self-correction with rope and ink, in case of emergency in the world". In particular, he advocated the sacrifice spirit of "taking self-suffering as the extreme" in life support, thus forming a unique image of Mohism different from other schools. Mohism has also formed a disciplined organization, with people who are proficient in Mohism as its leader and nicknamed "tycoon". The death of a tycoon will be passed on to others. Mohism regards the super-rich as a saint, and the "super-rich" has great power, so it can deal with Mohism who has made mistakes according to Mohism laws. Huai Nan Zi said that "tycoons" can command their followers to "go through fire and water, jump to the blade and never die immediately." After the death of the king of Chu, Yang and other nobles opposed Wuqi and failed. Meng, the tycoon of Mohism, was loyal to Yang, and all his 83 followers died with him.

Since the Western Han Dynasty, Mohism was no longer valued by the world, so few people commented on Mozi. In the Western Jin Dynasty, only Lu Sheng had annotations on Jing and Jing Shuo. Zheng Qiao said in the Song Dynasty that Mozi also had Notes on Music Tongue, but Lu and Yue's books were not handed down. Scholars in Qing Dynasty participated in the study of Confucian classics, and Lu Wen □, Sun Xingyan and Bi Yuan all made proofreading notes for Mozi. In the late Qing Dynasty, Sun Yirang's Notes on Mozi was the best among all kinds of ink notes.