The Function of Seven Elements in Landscape Architecture

The seven common elements of landscaping in China classical gardens can be summarized as borrowing scenery, contrasting scenery, framing scenery, missing scenery and blocking scenery.

Borrowing scenery is a gardening technique to introduce the scenery outside the garden and superimpose it with the scenery inside the garden. It is also one of the most important gardening techniques in China classical gardens. This technology can make up for the shortage of small space scale and financial resources. Typical examples of borrowing scenery are: Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace borrows Yuquan Mountain in the Western Hills, Humble Administrator's Garden borrows the North Temple Tower, and Canglang Canglin borrows the Honghe River.

Opposite scene is a gardening technique, which determines the line of sight between subject and object through the axis. Because of the fixed line of sight, visual viewing is far less free than borrowing scenery. It has a strong constraint on the landscape and is easy to produce a sense of order, seriousness and loftiness. Therefore, it is often used in commemorative or large-scale public buildings, and combined with sandwiched scenery and framed scenery to form a solemn landscape.

Frame landscape is a kind of landscaping technique that consciously sets the frame hole structure and guides the viewer to enjoy the scenery through the frame hole at a specific position. Mounted scenery is very attractive to tourists, and it is easy to produce picturesque and pleasing artistic effects. Du Fu's poem: "The window contains autumn snow in Xiling, and the door of Wu Dong Wan Li boating" is the best portrayal of the framing effect.

Missing scene, also known as missing scene, generally refers to the scene seen through virtual partition. Virtual partitions include flower windows, fences and partitions. On the one hand, it is easy to arouse tourists' interest and desire to explore the scenery. On the other hand, it has a hazy and illusory beauty. Using landscape leakage to promote the ethereal and infiltration of space is one of the important ways of gardening in China. Obstacle scenery is a kind of landscaping technique to set rocks, walls, flowers and trees on the tourist roads or scenic spots to block the line of sight, thus guiding tourists to change the direction of sightseeing.

Obstacle scenery has added "hidden" charm to gardens, and it is also an important means to restrain and shade the sun, so it has been widely used in gardens in past dynasties. Landscape architecture, like writing and painting, has regularity but no pattern. The same landscape painter can use different brushwork, photographers can shoot from different angles, and the same garden can also be designed with different ideas. The hundred gardens in Jiangnan are ever-changing.

Therefore, the garden landscaping is unique, and the artistic conception of "although someone makes it, it is natural" is a masterpiece. When creating a landscape in each garden, we should not ignore the dynamic and static landscape. Usually, narrow gardens should focus on static observation, supplemented by dynamic observation. Follow the principle of "seeing the big with the small", create a beautiful view of "seeing the infinite with the limited", and pay more attention to the use of blocking scenery, taking pictures and borrowing scenery.

In a relatively large garden, we should give priority to the dynamic view, supplemented by the static view, and pay more attention to the division of space. Through various forms such as scenes, the scenes are sandwiched and added to create an open, convergent, deep or bright space, which enriches the scenery.