What is the development process of ancient poetry?

Classical poetry is a kind of poetry genre other than "Chuci". Also known as poetry, ancient times. Classical poetry is a free and informal antithesis, with broad rhyme, unlimited size, four words, six words, elegant appearance, seven words and miscellaneous words. No longer exists

Huo Siyan's poems, poems close to the body, although there is no word "ancient", it goes without saying that you know ancient poems. Collect the ancient poems of Huo Siyan in the book. Four typical examples are Huo Siyan's poem in the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties, Cao Cao's poem Watching the Sea, and Tao Yuanming's poem Stop Clouds.

Five-character and seven-character ancient poems, referred to as "Nineteen Ancient Poems", are five-character poems. After the Han Dynasty, most of the poems written by people are five-character ancient poems in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, which originated from the Han Dynasty in the Tang Dynasty. And its future is even bigger, and the appearance of the seven aunts may be earlier than the five ancient times. Five ancient common, not as good as before the Tang Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, seven kinds of ancient China were also called seven strands, such as long sentences.

& gt Miscellaneous Poems are also unique in ancient poetry. The choppy poems are crossed, and three, four, five and seven are mixed into seven, which is the customary classification of seven aunts. Miscellaneous Poem The Book of Songs and China Folk Songs. Yuefu poetry, music, line, song and speech since Han and Wei Dynasties. China folk songs and poems are often unqualified music. There are many forms of miscellaneous poems in the Tang and Song Dynasties: seven of the five words, such as "the difficulty lies in chores, such as" three words ",and Zhang Lei's children" travel "Zhang Ji; Seven; There are three kinds of real miscellaneous, such as Yan Wu and Li Bai's "Into the Wine" with seven miscellaneous two, three or more than 45 introductions 12, such as Du Fu's "Autumn Wind Destroys the Cottage" with speeches on the fourth, sixth and eighth, and the Song Dynasty's, mainly miscellaneous five and seven Li Bai's "Difficult detour".

The quatrains of the ancient Tang Dynasty are regarded as outdated poems. The development process of ancient poetry and the interaction of modern poetry in the late Southern and Northern Dynasties focused on the rhythm, but there was no complete rhythm between ancient poetry and modern poetry. The trend of the French Tang Dynasty, some poems and even ancient works are often combined with almost idiomatic sentences. However, some distorted sentences of consciousness and modern poetry occasionally break away from prose culture to avoid the law.

Poems from 1840 Opium War to the May 4th Movement, from 19 19 to the present, nearly 100 years old. It represents a historical period, that is, the old bourgeois democratic revolution and modern poetry, but it is also a transition from traditional classical poetry to modern classical poetry, and the position of new poetry in the history of China poetry can not be ignored. Poetry was quite prosperous in this period, with a large number of writers and their works. The "Modern Poetry" clinic in Chen Yan only collects and records materials, and there are more than 360 poets since Xianfeng. Sun Dian even remembered the inscription "and its continuation" of "Selling Books". Don't set no less than 1500 kinds of books, many of which are poetry collections or poetry collections.

In modern China, the capitalist powers invaded significantly, and gradually reduced from an independent feudal country to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal country, resulting in new class components, social thoughts and social contradictions. Therefore, modern poetry began to break through the traditional poetry of the Qing Dynasty, which is an obstacle to a new trend. Modern progressive poets are often thinkers and political activists, using poetry as a weapon. They closely revolved around the outstanding struggles in modern times and profoundly reflected the process and content of the old bourgeois democratic revolution and the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolution.

Before the Opium War, Gong Zizhen, a modern enlightenment thinker, was sensitive. They feel that providing his unique poems alone reveals the law of the crisis of feudal absolutism in Qing Dynasty, the change of call sign, and the reality of the decadent rise of talents looking forward to the Golden Reform, which opens the prelude to the trend of modern progressive poetry and lays the foundation for the close combination of reality and politics of modern poetry. Subsequently, Wei Yuan, Lin, Zhang Weiping, Zhu Qi, Beiqiao, Jin and other patriotic poets who experienced the Opium War, with deep worries and national grief, highlighted the great historical event of the Opium War. Their poems attacked the invaders, condemned the capitulationists, eulogized the heroes and martyrs of the enemy, and left a glorious image of the anti-imperialist struggle and the historical picture of China. Later, in the anti-feudal cultural plan of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom people's revolutionary regime's poem "Seeking Truth from Fakes", the revolutionary leaders expressed the aspirations of the broad masses of the people in order to describe the ideal of hanging people and beheading crimes, and to change the world's great boldness and indomitable heroism.

After 1894, the bourgeoisie, which fought the Sino-Japanese War and carried out the reformist political movement, also advanced to a new stage in the political arena of modern poetry. Huang Zunxian's creative efforts, "old style, new artistic conception" and "new changes in poetry", Liang Qichao loudly put forward the slogan of "poetry revolution" and pushed Huang Zunxian's banner of "poetry revolution" with credibility. Huang Zunxian's poetry transcends the problems among the people, vividly reflects the historical picture before and after the Xianfeng Gengzi Incident, runs through the reform of saving the nation and the struggle between the new students and the traitorous forces, and fully embodies the spirit of the times of the bourgeois reformist movement. Tan, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Yan Fu, Lin Shu, Qiu and others also have different focuses and styles of poems, which express the call sign of reform and reform, the common theme of pursuing progress and the passion of patriotism and saving the country.

1900 after the boxer incident, the bourgeois democratic revolution began to appear modern poetry that further entered a new field, and the revolutionary horn of the poetry world. Qiu Jin's poems are warm and generous, full of revolutionary heroism and fearless sacrifice, and full of heroines. Less than two years later, before the revolution, the members of the revolutionary literary group Nanshe grew to more than 200 people. After the revolution of191year, it has soared to 1000 and gathered a large number of revolutionary intellectuals. Poetry is the echo of Liu Yazi, a representative poet in the struggle for democratic revolution. Accompanied by his revolutionary course, he expressed strong passion around the main contradictions and events, full of patriotism and democratic spirit. Other important poets of Nanshe, such as Gao Xu, Ning and Masu, also showed their anti-imperialist and anti-feudal counter-revolutionary thoughts of freedom, democracy and prosperity, and their ardent pursuit of ideals.

Modern western learning introduced capitalist civilization. Advanced science and technology have created miraculous new things and bourgeois sociologists who are diametrically opposed to feudal ideas, liberated people's minds and broadened their horizons. Liang Qichao once said: "The spirit, thoughts, poems and those materials that will try to enter Europe." (Travel Notes in Hawaii) Sing some new things, new theories and new modern poems. Huang Zunxian's Parting, which explains the new theory of miscellaneous buddhas and the relative artistic conception of botany, chemistry and physiology between the eastern and western hemispheres during the day and night under known conditions, and the new taste of parting, Song of Lin Jutao, is its predecessor. At the same time, in the communication with foreign countries in modern times, some foreign poets came into contact with individuals in the new capitalist world. They "had enough time to imagine the five continents" and "Yin Tian" and spread their poems and pens overseas. By studying the poems of Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao, Ma and Su, we can see the cherry blossoms in Japan, the fog in London, the Eiffel Tower in Paris, the sleeping Buddha in Ceylon and the exotic scenery in other countries. As you can see, in the Meiji Restoration presidential election in the United States, the social and political situation of the British bourgeoisie is aging day by day. Greatly expanded the expression of modern poetry, Kang Youwei said: "Pliocene roses, strange environment? Life is more about finding new voices in Europe and Asia, and "the mood is not Li, Du, Yuan and Ming Tou".

Modern advanced poetry basically adopts old classical poetry, but in this field, the expansion and renewal of content and form must also pay attention to some changes. Add another sentence to the whole poem, Zhu Qi has something to say, "Yao Shuangzhen's article, Huang Xilan Island lies in the Buddha", and Qi Chao's poem "China is unprecedented" has not been seen so far. "Large-scale poems, such as 3 15 Gong Zizhen's Ji Hai Zashi, reflect the poet's life experience, fate and thoughts; North Joe and Yin's aggressive 120 systematically reflect the inside story of Zhejiang's anti-British military. In addition, Gong Zizhen's Liang Qichao's poems have obviously broken the shackles of the old style rhythm and promoted the trend of poetry. Huang Zunxian's early poems advocated "writing my mouth" and "flowing clouds". In order to meet the needs of mass propaganda at the end of 19 and the beginning of the 20th century, it is very important for Liang Qichao to praise Huang Zunxian's "Song" thought that "the revolution in the poetic world can be a success", which is a rising lyric poetry writing activity and the form of vernacular poetry is close. He also praised Jiangsu magazine for publishing the famous "precedent of China literature renaissance" and expressing the strong trend change of poetry form.

The important theme of political struggle, the change of new ideas and new forms, makes the preparation conditions of new poetry gradually change to the trend of modernization, and its main characteristics represent the great achievements of modern poetry. Modern progressive poetry has historical limitations, but as a progressive poet in the recent period of rapid political changes, it is often conservative in the future, but it is worth singing in a certain period of time.

Compared with the trend of modern advanced poetry, the poetry of the traditional conservative school is still in the development stage in various parallelism, which has a quite extensive influence. Before and after the Opium War, the Song School rose. The important writers of Cheng Enze Poetry School are Qi Zao, He, He, Zeng Guofan and so on. They tend to study poetry, from Shang Tang to Song Dynasty. However, the so-called Zong Song is not limited to the Song Dynasty, including China, the open Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty. Du Fu, Han Yu, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian in the Tang Dynasty. The rise of poetic school was closely related to the prevailing atmosphere at that time. The main writers since the textual research of Sinology in Ganjia are the foundation of Sinology. There are two scholars, poets and poems, which combine the basic creative tendency of Sinology in Han and Song Dynasties. "The old school in the Song Dynasty did not advocate mechanical archaization, but also absorbed the spirit of Li Tang's artistic creation" Broken House "in the Song Dynasty and pursued the original poem. Zhengzhen's more outstanding achievement lies in his unique style of engraving on ordinary faces with refined pens. However, due to the lack of new ideas, upstarts or poor scholars, narrow life, sharp class conflicts and ethnic conflicts, their poems have echoed, but on the whole, the actual poetry content is relatively poor.

Song School originated from Tongguang in Guangxu period. Chen, Shen, Zheng and Fan Dangshi. They "don't insist on the golden age", and the study of poetry is often inherited and developed by the Song School. Although the Westernization Movement and the Reform Movement are the representatives of the same poetry school in the prosperous times, they generally tend to westernize without changing the form of government reform activities, and they can also sympathize with the Reformists. On the eve of the Reform Movement of 1898, he helped promote the New Deal in Hunan, and also wrote some works when he felt hurt. But the same light body, which pays more attention to artistic interest, is still an Austrian-style high-level or quiet and skilled poet, a dry and barren English-guarding who likes chewing, imagery and twists and turns. Many poems lack the content and atmosphere of the times. After the Revolution of 1911, Tongguang poets' own state of mind, mainly the adherents of this poem, confronted the revolutionaries and the forms of Nanshe poems.

In addition, the main schools of the Song School include the study of lanterns in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties and Wang Yun's poetics. They deliberately used old sayings, so their grammar, color and style are quite similar to those of the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. Yi Shunding and others of the late Tang School often study the elegant and arrogant pure land of Wen, Li Shangyin, Han and Bai Juyi in the late Tang Dynasty. The poetic style is passionate, and it painstakingly emphasizes the opposition to handicrafts, elaborate things and new wording. The continuation of the revolution in the poetic world played a key role, but he was a democratic revolutionary poet and was dragged down by the May 4th New Culture Movement.