How much does the American individual equipment weigh, and what about China?

according to Jane's defense website, due to frequent participation in the war on terrorism, the cost of individual equipment of the US military has tripled since 2. The equipment cost of an American soldier (including night vision equipment) was about $7,83 in 2, but now it has jumped to nearly $26,.

American individual equipment now covers four aspects: personal protection, survival support, weapons and equipment, and night vision equipment. Take the load of a US Army rifleman as an example. In addition to individual weapons, he usually wears three-proof clothes, gloves and masks for nuclear and biochemical protection, as well as standard bullet-proof vests, binoculars/sights for individual soldiers, night vision goggles and batteries. He also carries a sling-type carrier on his shoulder, and his back frame is made of aluminum alloy, which is equipped with bullets, kettles, GPS, PDA, reconnaissance equipment, biochemical weapon detector and medical care. Counting down a soldier's back, there are more than 1 kinds of equipment, and it is hard to describe it with "armed to the teeth".

according to the current 1996 version of the American soldier's carrying load standard, the American soldier's load has doubled compared with that of World War II. Many individual equipment of the US military has multiple functions. The Kevlar helmet worn by the US military not only resists the attack of bullets and shrapnel, but also becomes the "second brain" of soldiers. At present, the helmet worn by the US Marines in Iraq accommodates the next miniature radio equipment, a microphone and a pair of headphones, which is convenient for soldiers to contact their comrades-in-arms and commanders. The radar device on the upper part of the helmet will report the exact position of the soldiers. The military boots worn by American soldiers are also serious. The desert combat boots equipped by American troops in Iraq contain 15 kinds of new inventions and new processes, which not only can absorb sweat strongly, but also have good air permeability. Even the nail array set by Iraqi anti-American armed forces can't help the US military's desert combat boots. Even the urine-stopping underwear produced by Johnson & Johnson Company of the United States for the US military has wonderful effects. Because the sand in the Iraqi desert is as fine as talcum powder, American soldiers stationed in Iraq put urine-stopping underwear on the muzzle, which can prevent these tiny sand from blocking the barrel.

In addition, American soldiers entering the information age are covered with all kinds of sensor materials. Motorola provided a microcomputer for American soldiers, and even put a small mouse on the belt of military uniform. In this way, technologies such as computers and communications will become the most common weapons worn by soldiers on the waist, back, shoulders and head. These equipments make soldiers directly connected with the superior command and communication system.

China soldiers are generally only equipped with Type 81 and Type 95 assault rifles, Type 92 pistols, and 4 rocket launchers. Optical sights are rarely used, night vision devices are even less, bulletproof vests are not equipped much, and communication equipment and satellite positioning devices are only distributed to classes; Although the degree of mechanization is high, the technical content is low and the individual load is light.

American soldiers are generally equipped with M4A1+M23 Grenade launchers, M92 pistols and shoulder-fired multi-purpose individual weapons. All of them are equipped with optical sights, night vision devices, communication equipment and satellite positioning devices, and bulletproof vests are distributed to individual soldiers; Basically realized full armor and full digitalization; The individual load is heavy.

The US military is undoubtedly the best-equipped and highest-paid army in the world. The individual equipment of the US military is various, and each service has different equipment. Although the Iraq war has ended, the combat tasks of the US military are more arduous and dangerous than before, which makes the individual equipment of the US military more important! This paper can't completely summarize all the equipment, but simply introduce some important ones that I am interested in. In order not to make the explanation boring, it is especially illustrated with pictures. As I am not a US soldier or a military expert, please advise me if there are any mistakes.

1. Helmets, combat uniforms and military boots

PASGT Kevlar helmet: it is a helmet widely used by the US military so far, and it is made of Kevlar material. It is an aramid composite material. This material has low density, high strength, good toughness, high temperature resistance, easy processing and molding, and is widely used in helmets and bulletproof vests. ) PASGT helmets are produced by several manufacturers according to the military standard MIL-H4499A. The design goal of the helmet is not to resist the direct fire of rifle bullets, but to resist the direct fire of fragmentation weapons such as grenades, mines, mortar shells and bombs, as well as 9mm pistol bullets and shotgun bullets. The PASGT helmet of the US Marine Corps began to use Honeywell's Spectra fiber material in the late 199s. The bulletproof performance of Spectra is better than that of Kevlar, and its weight can be more than 3% lighter than that of Kevlar. However, this material is more difficult to mold than Kevlar. When manufacturing helmets, it is necessary to laminate the resin matrix and unidirectional fiber sheets to form a hard and rigid plate structure. If the manufacturer does not handle it well, the Sparcotra helmet is easy to delaminate in the wild environment. The appearance of PASGT helmet is quite rough, and it feels like a lot of sand is mixed into the paint. According to the equipment survey of the US military in Afghanistan, 85% of the soldiers interviewed complained that the helmet was too heavy, which caused them long-term headache and neck pain, and the side ear protection of the helmet seemed to hinder their hearing. But this helmet has saved the lives of countless American soldiers.

ACH helmet: this helmet began to serve in the us special forces in 21, and it uses a new type of light material. ACH helmet is 1.5 pounds lighter than the old helmet, equipped with a suspended foam pad similar to a football helmet and a four-point jaw strap for fixing the helmet. ACH helmet was originally used to resist 9 mm pistol bullets, but battlefield tests show that it can also resist AK-47 rifle bullets. Nowadays, this helmet has been widely used by American soldiers in Iraq. After comparing PASGT Kevlar helmet, the soldiers feel that this helmet is more comfortable and stable.

In the battlefield of Iraq, American Army and Marine Corps soldiers wear their own combat suits, while most Marine Corps soldiers wear desert digital combat suits, while Army soldiers have gradually changed into new ACU combat suits, and of course, many soldiers wear Sansha combat suits.

military boots: military boots are related to soldiers' health and combat effectiveness. In this Iraq war, US Army soldiers and Marine Corps soldiers came standard with different desert combat boots, but army soldiers were dissatisfied with the performance of their combat boots. Panama soles are too soft and easy to wear, so many soldiers spend their own money to replace them with "Dupont" soles. In addition, army soldiers feel that the soles of their shoes are too wet, and they hope to have air holes. Some soldiers complain that boots oppress their feet. Many soldiers don't tie the holes below their shoes to reduce the pressure on their feet. However, the desert combat boots of the US Marine Corps are much better, and they have a good reputation in the mouths of soldiers, good air permeability and comfortable and stable to wear!

Weapons and equipment:

1: M16A2a16a4m4a1: Because the M16a2, M16A4 and M4 carbines used by the US military are familiar to everyone, I don't want to explain them in detail. Relatively speaking, American soldiers are willing to take M4A1. Indeed, the M16 rifle is too long, which makes it difficult for soldiers to operate in the narrow space of the city, and it is not convenient to get on and off, especially in buildings, and it is very inflexible to shoot at the enemy. If American soldiers are attacked by anti-American armed forces in Hummer vehicles, M16 rifles can't ensure the soldiers to fight back in time. Although M4/M4A1 is accurate enough in the range of infantry fighting, the Marine Corps decided to choose M16A4 with a longer range. M4A1 has many advantages, but its short barrel brings low muzzle velocity, reduces the effective range of bullets and lacks lethality. It is inevitable that in the battlefield of Iraq, US Army soldiers are equipped with M4A1 in large quantities, while Marines still use M16A4. However, when an investigation team was formed by the Soldiers' Plan Executive Office (PEO Soldier), the Army Ordnance Equipment Preparation Command (AMC) and the Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) to investigate the 11st and 82nd Infantry Divisions and the 3rd Infantry Division, the soldiers were very satisfied with the performance of M4A1, which was excellent under demanding conditions, especially the guide rail system and aiming device. Personally, I think M4A1 looks cool!

) SOPM M4a1 modular system and components:

SOPM M4a1 project is a modular system introduced by Knight Ordnance Company of the United States. It is all made of picatinny rail, which can improve the flexibility and adaptability of the weapon without affecting the accuracy of the original weapon, and the heat dissipation performance is also improved. SOPMOD means "special operations improvement". SOPMOD M4 is not just a carbine, but a modular assault rifle system based on M4A1. The main modules include a RIS wood guard with four sections of M1913 standard guide rails (namely picatinny rail), a quick-disassembly muffler, a Grenade launcher and various accessories such as sights, lasers and tactical lights installed on the guide rails.

(2) picatinny rail: It is also the military standard guide rail of U.S. M1913 and the military standard of NATO tactical guide rail. The guns using this guide rail can be independently or cooperatively equipped with various components such as sight, tactical lighting, laser pointer, Grenade launcher, etc., thus improving the combat effectiveness of weapons. picatinny rail has good versatility, and various tactical components are tied to the rifles of Iraqi American soldiers. Although American soldiers are basically satisfied with these guide rail systems, it can be seen that it is not easy for American soldiers to say that they love you for picatinny rail through the ropes and rubber bands tied to their guns.

(3) Sight:

ACOG Sight: This kind of sight is made by American Trijicon Company, which specializes in the production of optical instruments. The shell of ACOG is made of aviation aluminum, which is firm, waterproof, cold-proof and corrosion-resistant, and can withstand various pressures and impacts of diving depth and field use while keeping the accuracy of the sight unchanged. The research and development of the sight first began in 1987, when it was established as part of the ACR development plan of the US Army's "advanced combat rifle". Now, the ACR plan of the US Army's "Advanced Combat Rifle" has been settled, M16A4 has become the selected gun type, and ACOG has entered the US Army with M16A4. ACOG enables the rifleman to shoot accurately at a distance of 8 meters, which almost reaches the level of a sniper. Unlike the sight used by snipers, ACOG can give in to the gunman's opening both eyes at the same time when shooting. In this way, the riflemen can keep the perception of the battlefield situation while achieving accurate shooting, which has strong practical significance. ACOG not only helps soldiers to shoot accurately at a long distance, but also is very useful at a close distance of more than 5 meters. Some soldiers even use this sight as an observation tool, and it doesn't need batteries.

CCO melee sight: also known as M68 reflex sight, according to the investigation report of the soldiers' plan execution office of Operation Iraqi Freedom, soldiers also appreciate this kind of equipment. Most people say that the new design and battery are more advanced than the original CCO. The negative opinion is that the honeycomb reflector is difficult to clean and it is difficult to keep zero.

(4)PEQ2 infrared laser pointer: the range of PEQ-2 infrared laser sight can reach 6m, and it has great advantages to equip with infrared laser pointer and low-light-level night vision goggles to fight at night. At night, the infrared light emitted by the pointer can be clearly seen and aimed at the target, which can achieve the effect of indicating shooting. In this way, American soldiers fighting in Iraq can see and hit the enemy accurately at night, while anti-American armed forces cannot find American troops because of their backward weapons and equipment.

(5)M23 Grenade launcher: This is the most equipped Grenade launcher of the US military. It fires 4 mm grenades with a maximum range of 4 meters. The maximum effective ranges of the opposite target and the point target are 35 meters and 15 meters respectively. The launcher can launch a series of 4 mm grenades, such as high-speed grenades, armor-piercing grenades, tear gas bombs, smoke bombs, signal bombs, exercise bombs and flares.

M249 class machine gun: M249 is the most equipped light small-caliber class machine gun of the US military, which uses 5.56X45M855 bullets. During the Iraq war to Afghanistan, M249 in the hands of American soldiers can be seen everywhere in the battlefield, which can effectively provide fire support to the US military and has good accuracy and lethality. Judging from the reaction of American soldiers in Afghanistan and Iraq, most of them are very satisfied with it and full of confidence in it. However, 54% of the American soldiers who used M249 in Afghanistan said that the cleaning and maintenance of M249 were too troublesome, and the ammunition boxes were not hung firmly and fell by themselves. M249 is a product of Belgian FN company. At that time, the test type was XM249. In the selection test, XM249 underwent extensive bad tests, and then the actual operation test was carried out by the US military. The performance of XM249 was so good that the test troops did not think it necessary to carry out the second-stage actual operation test. When the Marine Corps selected its own operators to conduct the most thorough hit rate test at Aberdeen proving ground, XM249 met their requirements. In 1982, the US military decided to adopt XM249 and officially named it M249. M249 was later improved according to its own needs. Compared with the original M249, the weight of PIP M249 increased by about 59g, the total weight of empty guns was 7.465kg, and the total weight of loaded guns was 1.5kg. A spokesman for FN Company said that the service life of PIP M249 case can reach 1, rounds. A US military spokesman said that PIP M249 machine gun can shoot 5, rounds without replacing all parts, and the average barrel life is 34, rounds. In addition, paratroopers with a barrel length of 347mm have been introduced and widely used in Iraq and Afghanistan. The short barrel of paratroopers reduces the lethality of bullets, but it is welcomed by American soldiers because of its convenient use and compact structure.

M24B and M24G machine guns: These two models are also products of Belgian FN company, and they are also substitutes for the M6 machine guns by the US military. They are basically the same in appearance. M24B is named after the Army, while the Marine Corps is named M24G. The difference between them is that the Army's protective wood is equipped with a heat shield, while the Marine Corps does not. M24 caliber: 7,62x51mm NATO, length: 126 mm For M24, the US Army and Marine Corps showed great satisfaction with this weapon. On the battlefield, this weapon can quickly and effectively suppress local firepower, and many photos of anti-American militants who were hit by M24 in Iraq circulated on the Internet. The scene was terrible and creepy.

the sights of p>M249 and M24: M145 MGO sight, which is a product of a Canadian photoelectric instrument company named ELCAN. This kind of sight is compact in size, with a magnification of 3.4 times. The mirror body is very strong, and the outer surface is covered with a rubber film. The top of the sight has a backup simple mechanical sight, which can be installed on the picatinny rail. The US military found this kind of sight.