What kind of building is this? It is in Italy! Yes!

It is a powerful symbol of the Roman Empire. Amphitheatrum, originally named Flavium, has also been translated into colorsium, colorsium and Colossam. It is located in the center of Rome, Italy today. It is the largest amphitheater in ancient Rome. It was built between 72 and 82 AD, and now only remains.

The Roman Colosseum was built on the order of the Emperor Weipa Mi, and it was built during the reign of his son Titus Flavius Domitianus. The Colosseum was built on the site of another Roman emperor, Nero's "Golden Temple", which was destroyed in the Roman fire in 64 AD. The Colosseum was the place where ancient Rome held performances of man and beast. The participating gladiators have to fight with an animal until one side dies, and there are also fights between people. According to the records of the Roman historian Dio cassius cassius longinus, when the Colosseum was completed, the Romans held 65,438+000 days of celebrations and slaughtered 9,000 livestock.

The Colosseum, a form of architecture, originated from the theaters in ancient Greece. At that time, the theater was built in a semicircle on the hillside, and the audience rose layer by layer on the hillside. But in ancient Rome, people began to use the arch ticket structure to erect the auditorium and connect two semi-circular theaters, thus forming the so-called amphitheater, which no longer needs to be built by the mountain. In BC 1 century, there were at least three oval arenas in Rome, and the Colosseum was the largest in the Roman Empire. Its major axis is187m, its minor axis is155m, and its circumference is 527m. The center is a performance area with a major axis of 86 meters and a minor axis of 54 meters. The ground is covered with floors, and there are layers of stands outside. There are about 60 rows of stands, divided into five areas. The first row at the bottom is the VIP area (such as elders, officials, priests, etc. ), the second floor is the aristocratic area, the third area is the rich area, the fourth area is the ordinary citizen area, and the last area is the bottom female area, all of which are standing seats. There is also a canopy hanging by a suspension rope in the audience to shade the sun; Moreover, the canopy is inclined to the middle, which is convenient for ventilation. These canopies are controlled like sails by sailors standing at the top of the colonnade.

The inner stand of the Colosseum is supported by three concrete cylindrical arches, with 80 arches on each floor, forming three circular coupon corridors with different heights (that is, corridors supported by arch coupons), and the top floor is a solid wall with a height of 50 meters. The stands retreated step by step, forming a stepped slope. 80 arches on each floor form 80 openings, and the top two floors have 80 openings. When the audience enters, they will first find out which bottom arch they should enter according to the number of seats, then find their own area along the stairs and finally find their own seats. The entire arena can accommodate up to 50,000 people, but due to the thoughtful design of the entrance, there will be no crowding and chaos. This entrance design is still in use even in today's large stadiums.

There are many holes and pipes hidden underground in the performance area of the Colosseum, where props, livestock and gladiators can be stored and hoisted to the ground at the beginning of the performance. The Colosseum can even use aqueducts to divert water. In 248 AD, water was introduced into the performance area of the Colosseum, forming a lake, performing naval battles and celebrating the founding of Rome 1000.

The magnificent image of the Colosseum in ancient Rome left a deep impression on everyone. In a medieval Christian carol, a pilgrim's words were recorded: "As long as the Colosseum stands, Rome stands;" When the Colosseum collapses, Rome collapses; Once Rome collapses, the world will collapse. " However, the Colosseum has been constantly damaged by earthquakes. In 2 17, the Colosseum was partially destroyed by lightning, but it recovered quickly in 238, and the fighting performance between man and beast or between people continued. Such activities were not completely banned until 523. Two strong earthquakes occurred in 442 and 508 AD, which caused serious damage to the Colosseum structure itself. In the Middle Ages, the buildings were not protected at all, so the damage was further aggravated, and later they were simply used as bunkers. In the15th century, in order to build the church and the Privy Council, the Vatican actually demolished some stones in the arena. 1749, the Vatican declared it a holy place and protected it on the grounds that Christians died here in their early years. Until now, Pope John Paul II has held ceremonies here every year to commemorate these martyrs. Although this statement is groundless, it prevented further robbery. But now it has been abandoned, and the "performance" area and the stands are covered with weeds and trees, so a botanist has written two monographs on botany.

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