Based on conventional light, what are the main lights for photography? And marked in the form of "line, angle, square")

This is a schematic diagram of several lighting methods commonly used in photo studios. Different lights will produce different effects. Introduced here are the live studio lighting method, the backlighting method, the hard light single lighting method, the flat lighting method, the butterfly lighting lighting method and the top light reflecting lighting method as well as the oil painting effect single lighting method.

Real scene lighting method

Backlight method Hard light single method

Flat light method

Butterfly light method

Top light reflector method

Oil painting effect single light method single light: 1. Frontal flat light. 2 A light placed behind the subject creates a halo of light.

3 Use a reflector on the front to provide soft or strong front fill light. 4. The front surface and lighting create a strong three-dimensional effect. 5 Positive side plus existing room lights that fill in the shadow side. 6. Add a reflector on the front side to reflect the spilled light to the negative side. 7 Dual lights: front side key light plus diffused front fill light to reduce shadows. 8. Use "edge" backlighting produced by two lights placed at equal distances on both sides of the subject, etc.... Portrait lighting usage

In portrait photography, especially commercial portraits, our purpose is to The characters are idealized. But the biggest impact on indoor portraits should be the lighting arrangement. Of course, there are many types of lighting. Commonly known ones include: plane light, side light, reflected light, direct light, split light, and the commonly used butterfly light, which will not be explained here one by one. It is easier to make people look fatter when using flat light, while it is easier to make people look thinner when using side light (narrow light). Butterfly light means that the main light is placed directly in front of the face, casting a nose shadow in line with the nose. The most successful use of butterfly light is on normal oval faces, and is considered an attractive light, especially for young women. Butterfly light is not suitable for men's faces because butterfly light is for the subject's ears. Increased lighting, thereby creating an unsightly protrusion.

For men, I usually use a single main light plus reflected light to highlight the man’s elegance. Or use two split lights to add some mystery. The following three types of light are rarely used in commercial portraits: window light, split light, and ceiling reflected light.

Window light: The commonly used narrow light is window light. It is often the combination of daylight and auxiliary flash that can produce a natural, soft, low-key portrait. The subject is sitting next to a window; but instead of direct sunlight, a fill light (flash) above or next to the camera with half the intensity of the window light is sufficient. If you use color scrolls, you need to pay attention to the color temperature of the auxiliary light.

Light splitting: The main light is moved to a considerable place behind the subject, so that only half of the face is illuminated by strong light: This method is not commonly used, but its effect can produce a moderately dramatic low-tone effect. I often use splitting of two main lights to shoot some fashionable girls or alternative men and women, which is very practical.

Ceiling reflection: The advantage of this kind of light is that it is particularly soft. It is a slow reflection light, which is often used as fill light and is rarely used as a main light alone. It is just some changes of the three basic main lights. Of course, it is possible to shoot portraits with only one light. This is also often used to achieve a special effect; but it is not suitable for children.

Portrait photographers usually use a lot of lights to illuminate their subjects. Since no two photographers take photos in exactly the same way, when taking portraits, they should light them in an effective and consistent way. , the arrangement of various lights can be in the following order:

1. The background light is accustomed to placing it on a low shelf in the middle of the back of the subject. Its function is to help the color tone between the subject and the background. separation.

2. Main light: Generally speaking, it should be placed higher than the subject's head, at approximately 45° to one side of the axis of the camera and the subject. One way to verify that this lighting arrangement is appropriate is to pay attention to the reflective points of the eyes. Viewed from the camera lens, these reflective points should be above and to the left and right of the eyes, depending on the direction of the subject's face.

3. Auxiliary light: Place it close to the camera lens at the same height as the lens, and on the other side of the main light. If the subject’s smile lines cause unsightly shadows, it may be because the light used is far away from the camera or the subject. Related to distance and distance.

4. Hair light: This is a small light that usually shines above or behind the subject. It is almost a necessity when taking portraits. It can increase the details and layers of hair, and also isolate the subject. An effective way to deal with the back view is that there are many places to place the hair light, but you should mainly try to avoid shining it on the face, because this will affect the entire picture, and adjust the light ratio to avoid affecting the color of the hair.

5. Back light: This kind of light is called contour light. It can isolate the subject and back of the same color. It can also increase the details of the hair and create dramatic portraits (used alone). We often This is called a silhouette photo. When using this kind of light, you should be careful not to let it shine on the subject's nose. Otherwise, the nose may appear abnormal.

The use of indoor light: There is also great flexibility and imagination, but attention should be paid to its exposure accuracy. To better beautify your subject, you need to use light according to the appearance of the subject.

The following are some lighting and camera arrangements for special face shapes:

Defect correction methods

Protruding forehead: Tilt your chin up and lower the camera position.

The nose is too long: Lift your chin, face directly towards the camera, lower the main light and lower the camera position.

Before chin slimming: Tilt the chin upward.

Bald head: Lower the camera position, use a screen to cover the head, without using a light, so that the color of the top of the head blends with the background.

Sharp nose: This can be improved by turning your face towards the camera.

The face is too wide: Raise the camera position and turn the face to three-quarters position.

Slim face: Lower the main light. If there are wrinkles on the face, use astigmatism. Lower the main light and adopt a three-quarter position.

Double chin: Raise the main light, tilt your chin up, and place the camera higher.

Facial imperfections: placed in shadow.

Wind-catching ears: Hide the farther ear behind the head, place the closer ear in the shadow, and change the silhouette.

Wearing glasses: Slightly lift the frame so that the glasses are downward, adjust the side fill light to raise or slightly lower the subject's chin.

Deep-set eyes: Lower the main light and use a lower light rate.

Goldfish Eye: Make the subject look down, using short light.

To have a fat body: Use low-toned lighting, wear dark clothes, darken the tones of the shoulders and body, and blend the body and background tones.

The specific steps for commonly used indoor lighting:

Basic lighting method

The main light generally uses side light. Adjust the height of the key light to create a triangular shadow area on the face (extending downward from the eye frame and ending at the bottom of the nose). The fill light is close to the camera, symmetrical to the main light, and at the same height as the camera. The ratio of main light to auxiliary light is 1:3 to 1:4. Background light, outline light, modified light, etc. are determined as needed.

2. Butterfly lighting method

Suitable for shooting high-profile female portraits. The main light is a high-position light, placed directly in front of the character, forming a butterfly-shaped shadow under the character's nose, making the female portrait more charming. Other lighting arrangements are consistent with the basic lighting method. When using front light to shoot female portraits, the main light is often placed higher to create a small shadow on the character's brow bone and under the nose. This not only uses front light to cover up the skin flaws on the face, but also creates an effective effect due to the projection. Three-dimensional effect, this method called butterfly lighting is very popular in female photography. However, you should pay attention to one thing in actual shooting. The butterfly lighting method is not suitable for women with too thin faces or too high cheekbones, otherwise it will easily make the face become thinner.

Rembrandt lighting method

It is often used to take low-key male portrait photos, mostly three-quarter frontal or profile. The key light is farther away from the camera so that its shadow appears on the half of the subject's face facing the camera. The auxiliary light and the main light are on the same side, and their light ratio is about 1:9. Choose a dark background for a low-key effect. The 45° front side light is widely used in portrait photography. It not only has a certain lighting area, but also gives the face a concave and convex three-dimensional sense, and the tones, lines and contours are richer. If the face is in three-quarters profile, and the light comes from the other side, illuminating the entire one-quarter face and part of the three-quarters face, this kind of lighting is a typical Rembrandt lighting method. . This light, combined with a dark background, will make the figures shine. Rembrandt's lighting method is mostly used in male images to express a resolute and powerful temperament.

Lighting is divided into hard light and soft light

Hard light produces obvious shadows, and the shadows are "rich\strong contrast" and the tones are bright and express strong\suggestions\hearty and other inscriptions

Soft The light cannot produce obvious shadows, and the contrast is weak, and the tones are soft and layered to express details, gentleness, elegance and other themes.

The placement of the lighting is not rigid. It is mainly divided into two categories: forward light and backlight. When looking at the placement of the subject, Place and then decide on the placement of the lights. Lighting is very particular. For example, a simple three-point lighting arrangement. That is, the arrangement is based on three inverse points, but the lighting must be based on the effect that the photographer wants to pursue... For example, backlight creates a silhouette, and forward light creates a flat surface. Both are very particular. There is also the soft and hard light mentioned above. In fact, whether it is hard light or soft light depends on what you want to take...