Ancient wedding etiquette

There were six kinds of wedding etiquette in ancient China, so it was called? Six gifts? . According to Tang's general code? Weekly system, limited to the age of men and women, when engaged, in-laws. The preparation of six rites. ? Visible,? Six gifts? It was formed in the Zhou Dynasty. After Qin and Han Dynasties, the Six Rites gradually formed customization. So-called? Six gifts? Recipient, ask the name, Najib, accept, invite and greet. Below I will sort out the etiquette of ancient wedding for you, hoping to help you!

Ancient wedding etiquette

Nacai: Nacai means to choose, that is, a man chooses his wife. The man wants to choose a daughter as his wife, so he asks the matchmaker to transport the woman to test the meaning of the daughter's family. If the woman agrees, she can accept the gift from the man. The gifts received vary from person to person and from time to time. ? Weekly system, marriage, goose adoption. ? (Tang Duyou's Hall of the Same Reason). It can be seen that the picking ceremony in the Zhou Dynasty used geese, also called geese. Canon? . Why use geese as gifts? This will be a rule when geese fly in a line. ? Hu Peihui's "Liyi" cloud:? Those who use geese will always take them from north to south, without losing festivals or taking away women. And take a flight into the line and stop in the column. The weddings of the Ming Dynasty are orderly and do not cross each other. ? The purpose of adopting geese was to make the young and the old in order and not cross in a wedding ceremony in the Ming Dynasty. It is also useful to collect sheep. Sheep, auspicious, take their group instead of the party.

In ancient times, Na had a complicated ceremony. Du You recorded the collection of minerals in the Zhou Dynasty in the General Code? The host feasted in the west of the lake, west and right. The messenger arrived in the dark, and the messenger came out asking for help. Yue: My son has benefits and I have a certain room. Someone has a gift from their ancestors for you to accept. The female father said to the cloud: A son is stupid and can be taught, but my son was ordered to quit. The host is like a guest, welcome guests outside the door and then worship. The guest didn't answer, just bowed. Binsheng Xi Street, Dong 'e East Street. Messenger is fatal: dare to collect. Master, go up the stairs and worship in the north. Give it to Nan Ying. The guest comes out, the host comes down, and the old goose gives it. Hold the goose again. What's your name as the first gift? Yue: Since someone ordered it, it was added to divination. Who dares to ask a woman's last name? Yes: My son has a life, and he chooses life to prepare. Some dare not quit, saying that they are surnames.

When you go out, please ask the guests to say: I have an accident in one room, and some are gifts from my ancestors. Please ask the servants. The guest told him that someone had done something before he dared to resign. Nuo said: the gift of ancestors, dare to be solid. Bing said: some words are robbing, dare not disobey orders. After the ceremony, when you go out, the host will send it to the door and say goodbye. ? In other words, the two families should be polite several times.

Ask the name: After the ceremony, the messenger came back to ask the woman's parents about her daughter's name. According to the records of the ceremony, the ceremony was held at the same time. Since someone is invited to present the dowry, of course, the man's family already knows the woman's name. At this time, the so-called name asking is actually asking when the woman's birthday is, when, when and when, in case she is asked. Najib? Later people also called it? Horoscope? .

Najib: In ancient China, all major marriage events were divination. What was it called? Najib? . Apart from the orders of parents, the words of matchmakers, and the light of God? Asking God's will with divination is another decisive factor for the success of marriage between men and women in ancient China. In ancient times, when mining, did the emissary go back? Ask the name? Used for divination. Later, it was the person who wrote the birthday first? Geng Tie? The matchmaker sent it to the woman's house, and the matchmaker brought the woman's Chinese character back to the man's house. Both parties are invited? Sir? See if the eight characters of Niangeng match. If the eight characters match, you can get engaged preliminarily. In ancient China, the year and time of the year were marked by branches. Sixty groups of names, composed of heavenly stems and earthly branches respectively, refer to a certain time of a certain year, a certain month, a certain day, and four groups of branches respectively. * * * has eight words, which is called? Birthday . What do men and women write when they combine horoscopes? Geng Tie? There is a certain format, generally as follows:

Male XXX was born in a certain year, a certain month, a certain day and a certain time.

Female XXX Kun did XXX year XXX month XXX mentioned XXX times.

? Geng Tie? That book? Eight characters? , must be an even number. If it is odd, you must add or subtract an unimportant word to get an even number. ? Eight characters? After receiving it, both men and women must first give their ancestors a memorial tablet. If the house is safe within three days (no quarrel, trouble, fire, broken articles, theft, etc.). ), may I ask sir? See eight characters? Yes In the batch? Eight characters? At that time, in addition to looking at the eight characters of Niangeng, we should also refer to the zodiac and the five elements of Yin and Yang of both sides. These items are absolutely not contradictory. If there is a contradiction, marriage will have to be abandoned. If the eight characters match perfectly, the marriage is basically settled. Of course, the man will formally send a matchmaker to inform the woman's family again.

Levi: It's also called Nabi, commonly known among the people? A gift? 、? Bridal gift? 、? A gift? . ? Sign? what's up Become? The meaning of. Namely. A gift? After that, even if the marriage between the two families was established, it was similar to today's engagement in a sense. What's the difference between ancient times? A gift? For the first condition. Only after this ceremony can a man marry a woman. Conscription is the most important and distinctive link in China's ancient marriage customs, even if it is? You are the son of heaven? The emperor is no exception. ? Accept the levy? The existence of this phenomenon is probably the reason why people later referred to the ancient marriage in China as buying and selling marriage.

Articles used for conscription vary according to region, time, status and wealth. In ancient times, according to "wedding etiquette", Xuan, Shu and (matching deerskin) were used as gifts. There are collections of gold, silver, jade articles, birds and animals, wine, food, clothing and furniture played by the rich in later generations. When an emperor marries a queen, he must add jade and silk. Is it true that ordinary people can't afford a lot of gold and silver as items, so the law of the Great Tang Dynasty clearly stipulates? There is no limit to hiring money. . Ancient folk? Have a gift (sign)? Generally speaking, the items are: a pair of gold flowers (hairpin), a pair of gold rings (bracelet), a pair of gold rings (one gold and one copper), dolphin meat, wedding banquet, sheep, wedding cake, red silk 2 feet 4 inches, black silk 7 feet, four pairs of red wax, two sets of firecrackers, two sets of incense, and a pair of earrings, ginger flowers and red silk. The man should choose an auspicious day, beat gongs and drums, tie a Geng sticker with HongLing, and send the gift to the woman's house together with the gift list. The matchmaker leads the man's parents and relatives to the woman's house, and the woman's house should entertain guests warmly. After the bride's family accepts the bride price, it is necessary to take out a part of the bride price and add 12 kinds of gift money to return it to the man's family as a gift. No matter how many betrothal gifts there are, there must be auspicious meanings, and they are all even numbers, indicating pairs.

After the recruitment, the two parties will sign an engagement. According to records, the engagement had already existed in the Zhou Dynasty, and it was carved on bamboo slips, with men and women holding half of it. According to the regulations, marriage certificates should be signed and sealed by both parties, relatives and matchmakers, and reported to the government. The format of marriage documents varies from generation to generation, and the basic format is as follows:

Format of offer

Today, a certain surname in a certain county and state has a matchmaker, a guardian, a man as a name and a sister as a name, and a certain amount of bride price has been prepared for him. After the appointment, I chose a date to get married. I hope the couple will grow old together and live in harmony. Today I will use the marriage certificate as a user.

The wedding date is someone's surname.

The son-in-law's surname is a bet.

Contract marriage certificate protects parents' surnames.

The matchmaker's surname is gambling.

Format of offer

I have a surname of a certain country, and now I hire someone to be a matchmaker. Someone protects my family, takes a certain number of female names as a sister, and marries someone with a certain amount of bride price. Since I was hired, I have chosen the wedding day. I hope that the husband and wife will be conservative and prosperous. Today, the marriage certificate is for users to see.

The wedding date is someone's surname.

Female surname is a bet.

Contract marriage certificate protects parents' surnames.

The matchmaker's surname is gambling.

After the man received the marriage certificate, he had to report that his ancestors had a family blood relationship before he could dedicate the marriage certificate to the shrine of his ancestors. Once engaged, the man can get married on another day.

Invitation period: commonly known as? Choose a day? , also known as the northern folk? Do you want a date? , that is, men want to please? Sir? Choose to get married? Jiri? Then notify the woman's family. Elite wedding: please use goose. When the host resigns, Bin Xu will tell the host the date as a gift. After the host delivered a speech, the matchmaker informed the wedding date. ? From this point of view, the invitation date of the ancients was not simply informed, but also had a certain ceremony. In fact, after the engagement was signed, the woman's home was already? Since I was hired, I have chosen the wedding day. ? The decision to choose the wedding date was given to the male family. Why do you use it? Please. The word "courtesy" means that the man is afraid to teach himself and has to ask the woman's permission.

Kissing: This is a formal wedding. Today's so-called wedding ceremony. As the name implies, it is on the agreed date that the groom goes to the woman's house to pick up the bride. In ancient times, men went to a woman's house to visit their wives, all at night. "Erie?" What does "stupefaction" mean? Faint ceremony issued. ? Zheng Xuan notes:? The ceremony of marrying a wife by a scholar lasted for a period of fainting, so it was famous. Yang goes to Yin, and when the sun enters the third quotient, it is faint. ? What else? Lord, duke, businessman, son, and followers finish, take the ink car, ride twice, and hold a candle in front of the horse? . In other words, people who marry each other wear black, and horses and chariots also use black. This custom is very different from the wedding custom of marrying the bride and wearing red clothes during the day in later generations. Since the Tang dynasty, the time for welcoming relatives has been changed to morning. According to Tang? Paragraph "Youyang Miscellaneous Language" records:? Gifts, weddings and funerals will faint, with its yang to yin. Pay tribute to Xiao Yu today. ? It can be seen that at least before the Han Dynasty, ancient people's weddings were held at night, and everything was accompanied by wearing black clothes, taking a black car (ink car) and holding candles. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the custom of getting married during the day began.

There were many wedding ceremonies in ancient times.

Later, when people choose the wedding day, they should write the couple's birthdays on red paper, ok? Sir? Selected? Beautiful day? After asking the matchmaker to get the consent of both parties, a ceremony was held on April 25. Their rituals are different. According to the Book of Rites? The son received an order from his father to see him. The host held several banquets in the temple, but was greeted outside the door. The son-in-law went in with the goose and was pushed into the hall. Then he worshipped the goose and was accepted by his parents. Lineage, leaving the country, the royal female car, the husband is sui, and the royal wheel is outside the door for three weeks. When the woman arrives, the husband goes in. ? When the groom wore a dress and followed his father's orders to lead the wedding procession outside the bride's house, the hostess came out to meet him in person. After some courtesy, the groom took a goose to the class. After the groom paid a New Year call to his father-in-law, the bride walked from the room to her father on the east steps. His father warned her: Be careful, respectful and cautious at any time in the future, and don't go against his father-in-law's wishes. ? Later, the bride and groom walked to the gate together. The bride put on a dust-proof coat, boarded the float and took the drive belt from the groom. So the groom drove the float forward. The wheel turned for three weeks, and the groom gave the car to the driver. He took the ink car first because he had to pick up the bride at home. When the bride arrived at her husband's house, she exchanged greetings with the groom at the gate and walked into the house together. However, the wedding ceremony of later generations is much more complicated. The welcoming team is also spectacular, with dozens of people. In the Han Dynasty, mysterious cars were used to greet relatives, and in the Tang Dynasty, barrier cars with pictures were used. It can be said that before the Sui and Tang Dynasties, cars were used for wedding banquets, and it was not until after the Song Dynasty that they became popular? Sedan chair? . Of course, the band is also essential in the welcoming team. The Book of Songs? . . . . Mix shepherd's purse and choose from left to right. A beautiful and virtuous woman came to her with a couple and a couple. Uneven leeks, balanced, my fair lady, bells and drums ringing. ? Is that the one you said? Okay？ what's up Gentleman? Want to play the piano, harp, bell and drum? My fair lady. Marry the past. It can be seen that wedding music has a considerable origin in China. However, it is also recorded that there was no music in pre-Qin weddings, and it was not until the Han Dynasty that the custom of getting married with music was established. According to Hanshu? Xuandi Ji records:? In the second year of Wufeng, Zhao said:? The husband's wedding ceremony is also a great ceremony. Wine and food, so the salute is also fun. In this county, two thousand stones are forbidden, and people are forbidden to marry, so we can't welcome guests with wine and food. It is because the ceremony of the hard-working township party was abolished and the people were in poverty, so they did not guide them. ? The imperial edict of Emperor Xuan Di aims to encourage ordinary people to hold banquets and play music at weddings to celebrate. Later generations, especially since the Ming and Qing dynasties, most of the wedding procession? Beyond? This trend, for example, in front of the wedding line? Clear the way? Avoid? The groom wears an official hat, the bride wears a feather crown, wears a dress that only married women can wear at the ceremony, and even imitates the royal etiquette ceremony, adding melons and axes. However, because marriage is a major event in life, although there are excessive acts, the government generally does not interfere. But since the pre-Qin era, the utensils used in weddings have surpassed its status. For example, the ink car used by scholars is the doctor's car; Goose as a gift is also a doctor's specification. Zheng Xuan explained this phenomenon as? She sheng? It means that a little offside behavior can be allowed on special occasions such as weddings.

The sedan chair welcomes the man's house, and the neighbors (mainly children) also want lucky money. What is this called? Close the door. The farewell party threw copper coins and sweets into the air, and the children scrambled to grab them. Scatter all over the sky? . In addition, someone will take a flower bucket and scatter food, beans, money, fruit and other things at the door? What's your name? Sprinkle corn beans? It is said to be used to avoid evil spirits that prevent the bride from entering the house.

The bride got out of the sedan chair and couldn't land on her feet. This is because the ancients believed that heaven and earth were inviolable out of awe of the gods of heaven and earth, and once the bride's feet touched the land, they would inevitably violate the god of the land, so they had to cover them with blankets or mats to avoid it. In the Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi recorded this custom in the poem "Marrying a Daughter in Spring Festival": Tsing Yi turned into a felt mattress with a beautiful slope. ? In the Song Dynasty, the felt was changed into a mat. What was it called? Pass the seat? Or? Pass the bag? Pass the mat or sack to the bridal chamber, which means to carry on the family line. Until the Republic of China, businessmen used bread in marriage and southern ceremonies, which was called yue? Empty the bag? , too? Bag by bag? The significance of continuous fireworks.

When the bride comes to the front of the new house, she must cross the saddle to show her peace and carry a brazier. On the one hand, it means to ward off evil spirits, and fire means to suppress evil spirits. On the other hand, it also indicates that the future life of newcomers is booming.

From an ancient wedding? Six gifts? It lasted until the Tang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty? Six gifts? Simplified into three sections: accepting gifts, accepting coins (equivalent to Naji in ancient ceremonies) and welcoming relatives, following the Qing Dynasty.

Three books refer to the documents exchanged in the Six Rites, including? Letter of appointment? 、? Gift book? And then what? Welcome this book? .

? Letter of appointment? This is an engagement letter, and both men and women formally conclude an engagement. When Najib (Guo) is used.

? Gift book? It is a gift book, that is, a gift list, which lists the types and quantities of gifts in detail. Use it when receiving gifts.

? Welcome this book? A book on marrying a bride. For picking up the bride on the wedding day.

Specifically, the six certificates refer to placing a bucket, a ruler, a steelyard, a pair of scissors, a mirror and an abacus on the table of heaven and earth. How much food there is, Katsuko (Dou) bears witness. Whether the clothes are cut well or not, scissors testify. How long is this cloth? The ruler testified. The mirror proved my true colors. how much money do you earn? Abacus proves. How heavy is the thing? Say it.)