How can we effectively improve photography technology?

Basic photography training 1, Quan Jingshen practical subjects: general scenery, flowers, urban buildings and other scenery with strong impact. Requirements: All the pictures are in focus. Suggestions: 1. Use a wide-angle lens: 24 mm-35 mm for shooting, and the aperture: f116, and the aperture gives priority to AE mode. Training 2, single focus practice requirements: only focus on ... basic photography training! ! ! ! Very useful! 20 10-02-28 12:35 | (classification: default classification)

Unit 1 Basic Photography Training

Training 1, Quan Jingshen practice.

Theme: general scenery, flowers, urban architecture and other scenery with strong impact. Requirements: All the pictures are in focus.

Suggestions: 1. Use a wide-angle lens: 24 mm-35 mm for shooting, and the aperture: f116, and the aperture gives priority to AE mode.

Exercise 2, single focus exercise

Requirements: only focus on the subject, the depth of the scene.

Suggestion: medium telescope head: above 85MM, aperture above F5.6. Aperture priority AE mode.

Training 3, freeze-frame exercise

Theme: sports, walking cars, trains, running water, waterfalls, etc.

Requirements: Record the instantaneous action or instantaneous expression of the subject who is violently moving.

Suggestion: AE mode with high speed shutter11000 seconds and shutter speed first.

Exercise 4, dynamic exercise

Theme: sports, dynamic figures, running water, waterfalls, etc.

Requirements: The body parts of athletes and dynamic figures are empty or the body background is empty. Flowing water, waterfalls, etc. have a sense of streamline.

Suggestion: slow shutter115s-1 1 sec. 1/30 seconds to start practicing, and then 115, 1/8, 1/4, 1/2,1second to practice step by step. Use a tripod.

Training 5, framing practice

Requirements: Highlight the theme, keep the picture concise and convey the atmosphere of the scene * This training is the basis of composition training. .

Suggestion: Telescope head, large aperture.

Training 6, close practice

Theme: flowers, still life, insects, etc.

Requirements: The proportion of the subject in the picture should be as large as possible, and the shape and interesting parts of the subject should be highlighted in high definition.

Suggestion: Use macro lens or macro function and close-up lens to shorten the shooting distance as much as possible and keep the lens parallel to the subject. Use tripod and cable to release.

Training 7. Practice with various focal length lenses (lens focal segments).

Practice shooting with various focal length lenses (each focal length segment of the lens), so as to understand the characteristics of each focal length of the lens, understand the relationship between painting angle and perspective, and flexibly use the different depth of field of each focal length segment.

Standard lens: a lens with a focal length of about 50MM-extremely natural and not exaggerated.

Wide-angle lens: a lens with a focal length less than 35MM-emphasizes the sense of distance.

Telescope head: a lens with a focal length of 85 mm ~ 135 mm-closest to the perspective sense (distance) of the human eye, which can correctly reflect the shape of the subject. YF is mainly used for portrait photography.

Telescope head: a lens with a focal length of more than 200MM-almost no sense of distance and compression effect. (Easy to shake, try to use a tripod)

Unit 2: Picture Composition and Composition Training

Exercise 8, Landscape and Vertical Composition

Theme: scenery, mountains and rivers, architecture, people, etc.

Requirements: use horizontal composition to express stability and breadth, use vertical composition to express depth and height, and there should be no useless space in the picture.

Suggestion: 1, shoot the same theme with horizontal and vertical composition respectively, and compare the different feelings of the works.

2. When the horizontal composition shows a sense of stability, use a lens above the standard focus, and use a wide-angle lens when it shows a sense of width.

3. Use wide-angle lens to express the sense of depth and height in vertical composition, and pay attention to the position configuration of close-range and distant view in the picture. Pay special attention to the horizontal and vertical when composing a composition, and use a tripod.

Exercise 9, Triangle Composition

Subject matter: triangular or triangle-like scenery, architecture, character modeling, etc.

Requirements: Use triangles in different positions in the drawing to show a sense of stability, jumping, height and width.

Suggestion: 1. There are easily recognizable triangular shapes in the picture, and the focus of complex objects composed of triangles should be realistic and balanced.

2. For tall and slender scenes such as tall buildings and roads, use a wide-angle lens below 20 mm..

3. Use the depth of field prediction function

Exercise 10, symmetrical composition

Subject matter: all symmetrical scenery, figures and buildings.

Requirements: Use symmetrical composition to express stable and surreal artistic conception.

Suggestion: 1. Choose a beautiful symmetrical shape, the focus on both sides of the symmetrical shape should be solid, and each symmetrical shape should be obvious.

2. Try to use a lens with a standard focal length or above, and keep the camera parallel to the subject when using a light angle lens.

3. When shooting symmetrical composition scenes on shore and in water, use polarizers.

When you have to shoot Quan Jingshen with a small aperture, please use a tripod.

Exercise 1 1, vertical and horizontal composition

Subject: landscape, architecture, etc.

Requirements: the picture is a simple beauty composed of multiple parallel lines or vertical lines.

Suggestion: the lines of the picture should be horizontal or vertical, the lines should be beautiful, and the horizontal or vertical lines should shape the whole picture. Use a tripod.

Exercise 12, S-shape and diagonal composition

Photographed: S-shaped or diagonal urban roads, rivers, mountains, bridges and roads.

Requirements: Use an S-shape to express the sense of depth, and diagonal lines to express the sense of extensiveness and abduction. The S-shape should reach both ends of the picture. If it breaks halfway, there should be room in front.

Suggestion: The configuration of S-shaped and diagonal lines should have a sense of balance, and carefully feel whether the works have a sense of depth and breadth, and whether the subject is clear. } the theme should be prominent.

Exercise 13, golden section composition

Subject: Anything.

Requirements: The subject to be represented should be at or near the demarcation point, line, balanced composition, prominent subject and no unnecessary parts in the picture.

Suggestion: Write a composition according to your own ideas first, and then use the golden section flexibly.

Unit 3: training with light 1

Exercise 14, daytime flash exposure compensation

Subject: People, flowers, pets, small-scale natural scenery, still life and other close-up small-scale scenery.

Requirements: It is used when the above-mentioned subject is in backlight, side backlight and the surrounding light is stronger than the subject, or when the subject is in darkness during the day. Suggestion: 1. Using the flash to measure the speed synchronously (average photometry) to get the aperture value, and then dividing the index of the flash by the aperture value to get the shooting distance, you can get the photos with accurate exposure. Instantaneous example: the flash synchronization of the camera is1125 seconds, the f value obtained by the camera's automatic metering is 16, and the index (GN) of the flash is 40, that is, 40 ÷16 (f) = 2.5m. At this time, the shooting distance is 2.5m. Namely: GN÷ distance = f.

Exercise 15, use flash to reflect the three-dimensional sense of the work.

Theme: people, flowers, pets, still life, etc.

Requirements: Use an external flash, make the flash leave the camera through the connection, project light from the oblique top or back to create a three-dimensional effect, or project it on the ceiling or use a reflector to create a refracted soft light. The specific projection mode and direction are arranged according to your own intentions. But try to avoid ghosting.

Suggestion: Try all kinds of light projection methods and exposure compensation as much as possible to create a three-dimensional effect.

Exercise 16, indoor and night lighting photography

Theme: Party under indoor lighting and night view of city lighting.

Requirements: Use color temperature to create a unique (reddish) atmosphere invisible to naked eyes under indoor and night lighting.

Suggestion: The lighting layout in the picture should be as uniform as possible. It is best not to have a strong light source near the lens, and no strong light can enter the lens. Use a tripod when shooting still life, and use ISO400 film when shooting. If you want to get a work faithful to the original color, use 80A filter to correct the color temperature. No exposure.

Reference: color temperature: sunny = =5500K, cloudy = =6500K, morning and evening = =4500K, general illumination = =2800K.

Exercise 17, sunrise, sunset, night scene

Theme: Mountains, coastlines, natural scenery and night scenes at dawn and sunset.

Requirements: It is necessary to fully reflect the atmosphere in the morning and evening, and to reproduce the gorgeous scenery of the night scene in the morning and evening. There must be no unnecessary objects in the picture, and it is best not to faint.

Suggestion: Using manual operation, basically the aperture is around F8 ~ 1 1, AE aperture takes priority, and the perspective is adjusted to infinity, so that bananas can be seen clearly on the most easily visible objects such as point light sources within 10M. Use a tripod and consider multiple exposures.

Exercise 18, white object

Theme: white objects, such as snow scenes, white beaches and white flowers.

Requirements: clearly reproduce the texture and tone of white objects.

Suggestion: Make proper exposure compensation according to the measured exposure. The compensation amount is generally between 0.5 ~ 1.5 EV, depending on the proportion of white objects in the picture and your work intention. When black and white objects alternate in the picture, they should be adjusted according to their respective proportions.

Unit 4: Light Training

Exercise 19, application of backlight (transmitted light)

Theme: people, scenery, flowers, still life and snapshots illuminated by the light behind them.

Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of backlight to create a sense of transparency and three-dimensional sense. Pay attention to the brightness balance between the subject and the background, and there can be no halo beyond the creative intention.

Suggestion: Use exposure compensation and reflector. The exposure compensation amounts are +0.5,+1.0,+1.5, ++2.0EV, etc. The greater the compensation, the brighter the subject. If you don't grasp the exposure compensation, you can shoot more in stages to ensure the success of shooting.

Exercise 20, Use of Side Lights

Subject: People, landscapes, flowers, plants, pets and snapshots related to this light.

Requirements: Make full use of the shadow effect, make the picture atmosphere conform to your shooting intention, and improve the sensitivity to light through practice.

Suggestion: When shooting, observe the subject from the sequence of smooth light, side light, oblique light, semi-backlight and backlight, and pay attention to the difference of stereoscopic impression created by side light and backlight. For example, strong side light can shape a man's fortitude, while weak side light can shape a woman's gentleness. Use a hood.

Exercise 2 1, Use of Point Light and Streamer in Forest

Subject: Scenery with light emission characteristics in the forest and cloudy world, such as mountains, rivers, lakes and the sea.

Requirements: Make full use of the characteristics of point and light to create a touching atmosphere.

Suggestion: pay attention to the control of light ratio range and exposure, and the difference between light and shade should be appropriate. Measure the light and dark exposure by spot photometry, and then take the middle value as the final exposure.

Exercise 22, Application of Extreme Exposure

Subjects: All subjects who want to express high-profile (light and shadow) or low-profile (big contrast).

Requirements: the intention and theme of photography should be clear, the necessity of high-profile or low-key should be considered, and the atmosphere of the subject should be coordinated.

Suggestion: The compensation for high-profile exposure should be from 0 to+2.0, and that for low-profile exposure should be from 0 to-2.0. The effects of exposure compensation under various conditions can be mastered by subsection exposure.

Exercise 23, The Track of Light

Theme: cars, boats, starry sky, fireworks, etc. Bloom at night.

Requirements: the expression of optical flow is smooth, the color, shape and size of optical flow line should be coordinated with the surrounding atmosphere, and the exposure should be appropriate.

Suggestion: adopt average metering and center key metering mode. You can also set the aperture to F4 or F5.6, and the exposure time is 30 seconds to 2 minutes (door B is available). Fireworks generally use ISO 100 film, and the aperture is between F5.6 and F11. The longest exposure time of starry sky can reach 1 ~ 2 hours. All the above are tripods.

Exercise 24, Illuminated Objects

Theme: Buildings and plants illuminated by lights at night in the city.

Requirements: the visual angle should reflect the charm of the subject, choose the exposure that can fully express the atmosphere, and the proportion of the subject in the picture should be appropriate.

Suggestion: Use tripod and cable release, use manual mode, B-door or T-door, and use exposure compensation of +0.5— 1.5 EV. Pay attention to the brightest and darkest parts of the picture when composing, to avoid disparity in brightness, and pay attention to the problem of fluctuation during long-term exposure. Use a wide-angle lens!

Unit 5: Emphasize color training

Exercise 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30

Do exercises in subjects with red, blue, yellow, green, white and black as the main characteristics to express the theme.

Theme: All kinds of objects and figures with the above colors, flowers, etc.

Requirements: To show the distinctive features of the above three colors and grasp the three elements of color: hue, lightness and saturation.

Suggestion: Pay attention to the performance of cold and warm colors, use color filters and closed photography if possible, and experience the effect of exposure compensation on color performance.

Exercise 3 1, show the transparency of water.

Object: Any object related to water.

Requirements: Pay attention to the overall performance of the work while expressing the sense of water transparency.

Suggestion: Pay attention to the light reflection on the water surface, use PL mirror and rotate PL mirror to find the best performance.

Exercise 32, Color Contrast

Theme: fields, parks, architecture, etc. The colors contrast.

Requirements: Use color contrast to enhance the appeal of the work.

Suggestion: Don't let too many colors into the picture. The greater the brightness difference of contrast colors, the stronger the contrast. Bright colors and contrasting colors are easy to stand out, and the real focus and virtual focus of the same color can be compared.

Exercise 33, Black and White Photography

Subject: Any object, person, etc.

Requirements: Understand the relationship between theme and background, and understand the characteristics of black-and-white photography.

Suggestion: you need to know the specific changes after the color changes to black and white, that is, red is considered as thick black, yellow is gray, and so on. And understand the relationship with gray scale.

Exercise 34, monotonous performance

Theme: natural plants, large-area monochromatic flowers, indoor rooms and halls with uniform colors, etc.

Requirements: effective use of uniform tone, balanced composition, and full control of tone.

Suggestion: Pay attention to the color saturation, relax the color expression in the picture, and use the color temperature filter.

Unit 6: Training of expressing actions and feelings

Exercise 35, Dynamic Performance

Theme: sports, animals, commemorative activities, flowers, rivers, etc.

Requirements: fully record and express the moving objects or figures, show the sense of strength and dynamic beauty of the movement, have a reasonable composition, and master the shutter suitable for the scene and the timing of pressing the shutter.

Suggestion: If conditions permit, try to use shutter priority mode. The shutter speed is1/500-11000 seconds when moving at high speed,11/4 seconds when showing fluency, and1/4 seconds when shooting.

Exercise 36, the real performance of the net

Subject: fire and accident scene, sacrificial activities, ceremonies, natural meteorological conditions, etc.

Requirements: try to show a sense of presence and make people immersive. Even ordinary subjects should use technology and equipment to create a sense of presence.

Suggestion: Try to get close to the subject with super wide angle or telescope head, and use F 1 1, F 16, F22 for large depth of field. When representing natural meteorological conditions such as typhoon, rainstorm, fog, rapids, etc., use a tripod, and the shutter of 1/8, 1/4, 1/2 seconds takes precedence, and closed shooting mode can be adopted.

Exercise 37, the performance of silence

Subject: Natural scenery.

Requirements: Photographers should be quiet and steady, choose the best shooting time and weather, and choose a stable, concise and easy-to-convey composition.

Suggestion: The best shooting time is dawn, evening, moonlit night, rainy day, foggy day and snowy day. Choose symmetry and triangle to increase the sense of silence. The composition should be horizontal and vertical, and there should be no tendency to emphasize concentration and stability. Use a tripod.

Exercise 38. Expression of feelings

Theme: Close-up of human and animal faces and bodies (instantaneous motion capture).

Requirements: master the best shutter timing and resonate with the heart of the person or animal being photographed. In addition to the face, we should also pay attention to the performance of other limbs with the theme, and pay attention to all the composition details.

Suggestion: Start with people around you, especially children and pets, pay more attention to their joys and sorrows at ordinary times, find out interesting features, and then take pictures with a telescope when the person or animal being photographed is not paying attention. Try to use automatic mode when you start practicing.