On the art of using light in photography and the art of composition in photography. Please help me find such a paper urgently! ! ! ! ! ! !

photography relies on light to shape images and create pictures. Without light, we can't see the scenery that exists in the objective world.

light mainly includes four characteristics-light intensity, light properties, light directionality and light color.

we mainly talk about the directionality of light, that is, we often talk about forward lighting, side lighting, back lighting and top lighting.

1. Shun lighting This is a kind of light with the flattest effect. It doesn't use the three-dimensional sense and spatial depth sense of the photographed object, and it lacks vitality.

2. The effect of sidelight illumination has been obviously improved, and the change of light and shade of the subject shows three-dimensional sense and surface texture, which is more in line with people's normal visual habits, so it is widely used in photography.

3. Backlighting It can outline the shape of the object and make it separate from the background. Forming bright lines on the edge of the object's shape can render the atmosphere to be expressed, enrich and activate the picture. When shooting with backlight, add auxiliary light to illuminate the shadow part properly, and pay attention to setting off the bright part of the edge of the subject with background, such as using a "fool" camera and using forced flash mode.

4. The effect of the top lighting makes the picture show a kind of hot feeling, which causes a strong projection under the eyes, nose and chin of the characters, and plays an ugly role in the image of the characters. Obviously, no one wants to enjoy this kind of photos. Changing the top lighting effect can make the heads of the characters tilt up or wear a lace straw hat.

running out of light in portrait photography in Gao Fancha

May 11, 26 15: 32: 49

It is an interesting attempt to shoot a portrait with high contrast and no normal tone spacing. It can create some vivid and moving images by using contrasting and hard light.

To get this portrait of Gao Fancha, we need considerable skills in exposure and development, and also have certain requirements on lighting during shooting. In an article in Darkroom Photography, American photographers J Mitchell and J Hannum put forward a simple light distribution method:

Direct light or scattered light can be used for lighting, and generally one lamp or two lamps are better. For the convenience of shooting, it is best to use a spotlight, so that you can directly observe the light effect. Of course, a flash can also be used. In most cases, it is enough to use only one lamp. If the subject's hair is dark, a second lamp can be used to illuminate the subject's hair directly or from behind it to create a brighter outline, thus distinguishing the object from the background. In order to achieve a touching effect, you can try to illuminate the subject with side light or light with a 45-degree angle. Side light only illuminates half of the subject's face, while 45-degree light can illuminate most of the face and create a triangular bright part on the cheek facing the light source. This Gao Fancha effect is best with a dark, unlit background. C In order to distinguish the image from the background better, the subject's head can be brightened with light: the backlit silhouette portrait can actually be regarded as a kind of portrait photography in Gao Fancha. M kipling, a British photographer, pointed out that a backlit photograph is the silhouette image effect taken by the subject with the light source on his back. Usually, the tolerance of photographic film to feel and express tone is very limited. In contrast, people's eyes have a much wider range of perception of color tones. In this way, darker objects can pop out in silhouette against a brighter background.

Daylight is often used as the light source when taking silhouette photos against light, but any light can be used as the light source according to the photographer's convenience or preference. Kipling thinks that it is reasonable to take a silhouette photo against the background of the sky after sunset or before sunrise. In order to produce a good backlit silhouette effect on the negative, the ratio of the brightest part to the darkest part in the photo is usually 5: 1. This is especially true when shooting with slides, because its color tone tolerance is narrower.

/luntan/yutian/9.htm

Plane composition in commercial photography.