The Chief of Staff of the 36th Division of the National Army stayed behind first.

The 36th Division has a deep relationship with the 87th and 88th Divisions. 1September, 933, based on the four regiments of the 87th Division and the 88th Division, 36th Division was established, with Song Xilian as the division commander, Zhong Bin as the deputy division commander and Xiang Xianju as the chief of staff.

Officers at all levels of the 36th Division: (1completed the reorganization in February, 936, 1937 10 awarded the military flag).

Teacher Song Xilian, deputy teacher Zhong Bin, chief of staff Xiang Xianju;

Chen Ruihe, brigade 106, under the jurisdiction of 2 12 regiment Gu Baoyu and 2 13 regiment Li Zhipeng;

Yang Guangyu, 108 Brigade, governs Liu Ying, 2 15 Regiment, Hu Jiaji, 2 16 Regiment.

1In September, 933, the 36th Division, which was just established less than one month ago, started fighting in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province, and participated in the fifth encirclement and suppression campaign of the Red Army as a reserve of the Northern Route Army. 165438+1In mid-October, the battle was in Wan Hu, and the 36th Division fought fiercely with the Red Third Army in the southeast of Bajiaoting, causing the Red Army to be forced to quit the battle after suffering heavy casualties.

Fujian Incident and the Red Army's encirclement and suppression

After the Fujian Incident broke out, Chiang Kai-shek decided to send his own troops into Fujian to attack the Fujian "People's Government" and its 19 Route Army.

The 36th Division is subordinate to the Fifth Route Army under the command of Wei and assembled in Shaowu and Shunchang areas in western Fujian. The 36th Division passed through the Soviet area in the northwest of Fujian, marched continuously for 20 days on the narrow mountain path, arrived at Shaowu on 1934 65438+ 10/0, and marched to Yanping after two days' rest.

Yanping City, located in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, is the intersection of Jianxi River, Futunxi River and Shaxi River. The river is deep and fast, and there are many dangerous beaches and reefs. Yanping is surrounded by water in the east, south and north, and mountains in the west, especially Jiufeng Mountain in the west. Moreover, the 56th Division of Liu Heding has been operating here for many years, and built a large number of strong fortifications on the mountains in the west. Natural barriers and strong fortifications make Yanping a place easy to defend but difficult to attack. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek only asked the camera of the 36th Division to attack to contain the enemy. After the frontal attack is successful, he will annihilate the enemy of Yanping. Song Xilian, the commander of the 36th Division, personally led the battalion commanders of various brigades to conduct detailed reconnaissance on the terrain and enemy situation of Jiufeng Mountain. He found that there were dense trees and weak fortifications between the fourth and fifth peaks of Jiufeng Mountain, so he decided to feint the eighth and fifth Jiu Feng with 2 1 1 regiment, and moved to the foot of Jiufeng Mountain at night for reuse.

65438+1On October 20th, the 36th Division first concentrated its artillery fire on the northwest highland, and the 2 1 1 regiment launched an attack under the cover of aircraft, capturing several supporting points of the enemy line. In the afternoon, 2 1 1 regiment stormed the 8th and 8th Jiu Feng with two battalions, which induced the defenders to think that the 36th Division was making an all-out onslaught, so they dispatched right-wing troops to reinforce them. Eighth, just as the war in Jiu Feng was in full swing, the 2 15 regiment suddenly launched an attack on the enemy's weak defense points, only met with weak resistance, and occupied the fourth and fifth peaks in less than ten minutes. This victory completely shook the determination of the defenders, and their organized resistance on the front line of Jiufeng Mountain soon collapsed. When Jiufeng Mountain fell, the defenders of Yanping knew that the barrier had arrived and it was difficult to hold on, so they approached the Central Army to surrender the next day. When Chiang Kai-shek learned of the results of the 36th Division, he personally wrote a commendation order, airdropped it to the 36th Division by plane, and ordered the whole army to commend it that night.

After recovering Yanping, the 36th Division marched into Gutian, an important town in northern Fujian, and joined the Fourth Route Army under the command of Zhang Zhizhong. In this way, three elite divisions of the German army joined forces at the front line in Fujian. Zhang Zhizhong saw that Gutian Yugoslav capital was strong, so he sent people into the city to surrender and avoid casualties. The defenders saw that reinforcements were hopeless, but the strength of the Central Army was increasing. The fall of Yanping, the defending city, dealt a great blow to the defenders, so they agreed to surrender, and the Central Army left Gutian without bloodshed. Almost at the same time, Shuikou, another important town in northern Fujian, was also captured by the Central Army, and the gateway to Fuzhou was opened. The central army assembled in southern Fujian is also advancing to Xianyou. Fujian People's Government and the 19th Route Army were surrounded by the Central Army on all sides. Its leaders are Li, Chen, Jiang Guangnai and Huang Qixiang. In a critical situation, the army fled to Hong Kong by sea, and only Cai Tingkai led the main force of the 19th Route Army to retreat to Quanzhou. In the pursuit, the 36th Division fought fiercely with the defenders of the 19th Route Army, and Wang, the head of the 2 16 regiment, was killed. Song Xilian, the commander of the 36th Division, learned from interrogating the prisoners that he was fighting the 49th Division of the 19 Route Army. His teacher, Zhang Yan, was the deputy teacher of the 6 1 division during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period. He had fought side by side and had a deep friendship, so he wrote to surrender. Zhang Yan immediately wrote back with an encrypted telegram to Yang Yongtai, Secretary General of Chiang Kai-shek's Nanchang Hangying. It turns out that Zhang has long been in contact with the Central Committee.

In Quanzhou, the remnants of the 19th Route Army were surrounded, and Cai Tingkai saw that the tide was gone and left the army alone. The Central Army sends planes to distribute leaflets over Quanzhou every day, telling the location of the Central Army, indicating that the 19th Route Army has been completely trapped and urging its representatives to contact and surrender. At the same time, the Central Army sent Fu, chief of staff of the 83rd Division, to Quanzhou to persuade him to surrender. Fu is from Guangdong and is familiar with some senior officers of the 19th Route Army. Under the dual pressure of military and politics, together with Mao Zedong and Zhang Yan, who have kept in touch with the central authorities for a long time, they advocated a peaceful solution. Finally, the 19th Route Army Ministry accepted the conditions put forward by the Central Committee, all the troops were downsized into divisions according to the original designation, and all the division heads were replaced by people sent by the Central Committee. Were the troops, divisions and heads of the original 19th Route Army sent abroad by the Central Committee or sent in by themselves? After the signing of the agreement, the rest of the 19th Route Army left Quanzhou and went to Xianyou and Putian for reorganization. Because of the strong anti-Chiang consciousness of the 19th Route Army, Chiang Kai-shek was afraid of something, so he secretly ordered his 36th Division to take sudden action to collect the remnants of the 19th Route Army. Subsequently, these teams were sent to Henan and other places for training. All the officers above the battalion commander were replaced by officers of the Central Military Academy, and these divisions were gradually concentrated.

During this period, the 36th Division also participated in an important historical event: Qu Qiubai, the leader of * *, was shot by the firing squad.

1934 10, the main force of the Red Army started the Long March, and Qu Qiubai, who was seriously ill, stayed in Ruijin. At the beginning of 1935, the struggle situation in the Soviet area became more sinister, and Qu Qiubai's condition worsened. The central government decided to send him to Shanghai for medical treatment via Hong Kong. On February 24th, Qu Qiubai and his party were arrested near Xiaojing Village, Shuikou Town, Tianzhuo District, Changting County, Fujian Province. On June 2, Chiang Kai-shek issued a secret order from Wuchang to Chiang Kai-shek: "Qu Fei Qiu Bai was shot on the spot in Fujian and took photos for inspection." /kloc-in June of 0/8, Qu Qiubai died in Changting at the age of 36. -Song Xilian in the memory of his later years, deeply guilty about this matter.

August 1939, 13, August13 Songhu incident broke out! 18, 36 division set off from Xi 'an at night and arrived at Wujiazhai area in the northern suburb of Shanghai. 19, the 36th Division concentrated two regiments from the north side of Yangshupu to the south, and set out from the area captured by the 522nd Regiment to Baoding Road. That night, the Japanese army used tanks to support the infantry to counterattack the 87 th and 36 th divisions many times, all of which were repelled.

On the morning of 20th 1, the 36th Division 106 Brigade continued to attack south, and entered Shajing Port, Yuezhou Road and Kunming Road at dawn. The left wing had contacted the 87th Division. Zhang Zhizhong visited Jiangwan 87th Division Command to direct operations. He is determined to take advantage of the favorable situation that the 87th Division and the 36th Division broke into Yangshupu Concession and entered Yuezhou Road, and launch a surprise attack on Huishan Wharf with the main force to achieve a breakthrough in the central government, cut off the connection between the left and right wings of the Japanese army, and then attack the two wings. To this end, six 6-ton British Vickers light tanks from Panzer Regiment 1 and Battalion 2, which had just arrived from Nanjing, were assigned to the 36th Division of the new army, and the teaching battalion equipped with German-made 37mm anti-aircraft guns was assigned to the 87th Division, further strengthening the assault force.

In the afternoon, Zhang Zhizhong ordered the 87th Division to cooperate with the 36th Division to storm the enemy head-on, and strive to reach Huishan Pier. At the same time, the 88th Division pretended to attack Hongkou and the 98th Division guarded the west of Shajing Port.

Song Xilian, the division commander of the 36th Division, opened the division headquarters in Xingang, and personally commanded the 2 1 1 regiment to attack the enemy on the west bank of Shajing Port. 2 15 Regiment and 2 16 Regiment, with the cooperation of chariot 1 Company, stormed south along Deng Tuo Road and Zhaofeng Road, while 2 12 Regiment attacked along Zhoushan Road to cover the flank of the main attack direction. At 24: 36 that night, the division began to attack. As the leading chariot, 1 Company fought bravely and broke through several Japanese defense lines, but the infantry was blocked by Japanese intensive fire and failed to follow up in time. As a result, the tank was destroyed by the Japanese because it lost infantry support! Although the subsequent infantry lost tank support, they still stormed without hesitation. The Japanese army occupied the high-rise buildings on both sides of the road, formed a cross-dense fire network from the commanding heights, and used tanks and armored vehicles to cover the infantry units to carry out counterattacks. 2 12 regiment was intercepted by intensive fire at Huade intersection in zhoushan road, causing heavy casualties. 106 Chen Rui, the brigade commander, was also seriously injured in the battle. The attack of 2 15 regiment was also difficult to advance, and Ceng Li, the battalion commander of 2 battalion, was killed. When the troops saw that the frontal attack could not work, they went around the alley behind the side and prepared to climb the window from behind the tall building. As a result, Japanese tanks suddenly broke out, blocked the alley with artillery fire, and then slammed with incendiary bombs, killing more than 300 officers and men! 2 16 regiments rushed across Broadway one after another until they reached the gate of Huishan Wharf, but they didn't destroy the solid iron gate of the wharf with accompanying artillery fire. The Japanese troops around rained down, and there were a lot of casualties if they were delayed. Hu Jiaji, the head of the team, took the lead in climbing the iron gate, and officers and men followed suit. However, the troops that broke into the dock were immediately suppressed by Japanese fire, causing heavy casualties. Hu Jiaji's entourage was all killed and injured, and so was Hu Jiaji. Seeing that it was impossible to consolidate the gains and suffered heavy casualties (2 16 Regiment was killed as many as 570 people), 2 16 Regiment had to return to Yinxiang Port, and the Japanese army took advantage of the situation to fight back, so Song Xilian rushed into the engineering barracks of the divisional reserve to stabilize the front.

At 3: 00 on the 23rd, after a short adjustment, the 36th Division attacked Huishan Wharf again with three tanks and three infantry battalions. This time, the mixture ratio of Butan and Tantan was greatly improved yesterday. Tanks destroyed many Japanese positions in succession, and infantry attracted Japanese deep heavy machine gun fire with flesh and blood, covering tanks to break into enemy lines and destroy them. At 0500 hours, they rushed into Huishan Wharf again and wiped out the Japanese troops at the wharf. However, the Japanese warships moored on the Huangpu River immediately bombarded with naval guns, and then the Japanese troops at both ends of Broadway counterattacked from two sides with the support of planes. All the national tanks were destroyed, and the officers and men who rushed into the dock suffered heavy casualties. Only a few dozen people survived! Forced to return to Tangshan Road, the assault failed!

However, in the past few days, the onslaught of various ministries of the national army has cut off the two wings of the Japanese army and oppressed its main force to shrink to several isolated strongholds, such as the Marine Corps Command and the Cotton Mill of the University of Technology. In the face of the heroic assault of the national army, the Japanese army in Yangshupu set fire in panic, and the fires on Broadway Road and Fair Road burned for three days and three nights! There are three * * * groups of about four or five hundred people who desperately fled to Waibaidu Bridge and surrendered to the British troops guarding the concession! After disarming, he was detained in the Bund Park.

Defend Nanjing

As a result, after the Battle of Shanghai and Song Dynasties, the High Command of the National Government decided to stick to Nanjing for one to two months, and took Tang Shengzhi as its capital to command the defense of Nanjing. At the beginning of February, the National Government mobilized eleven divisions from the third and seventh war zones to strengthen Nanjing's defense forces. At this time, the 36 th Division and the 87 th Division, the 88 th Division and the Teaching Corps were among them.

On February 3, 65438+, the Japanese army began to advance all the way to Nanjing, and the battle of defending Nanjing officially began. By the 6th, the war had gradually broken through the warning positions of various ministries of the national army and approached the periphery of Nanjing.

12, the Japanese offensive was more prosperous, and the core position of Yuhuatai fell on 10. At noon, the Japanese army concentrated its artillery fire and slammed the wall of Zhonghua Gate. The wall on the west side of Zhonghua Gate collapsed, and the Japanese army immediately swarmed in. Unable to resist the enemy, the 88th Division began to retreat to the city. Residents near Zhonghua Gate also fled to the city to escape the war. Refugees and routed troops crowded the roads, and the city was in disorder!

17, Tang Shengzhi held a meeting of generals above the division level to deploy evacuation operations and issue evacuation orders and plans. The basic idea of its plan is that all ministries break through from the front, and only a few departments, such as the 36th Division, follow garrison headquarters to cross the river from Shimonoseki.

Before the evacuation order was issued, many routed troops had flocked to Jiangmen, but the 36th Division stationed there still carried out the original martial law order because it didn't receive the evacuation order, and even shot to stop it in the face of a flood of routed troops. It also aggravated the chaos of retreat. The situation at Shimonoseki Wharf is even more chaotic, and various troops are scrambling to grab ships. Many ships sank because of overload. Some people saw that there were no ships to cross, so they made simple swimming tools to cross the river with floating equipment such as door panels, and most of them died in the middle of the river.

Tang Shengzhi, the commander-in-chief of the garrison, led his staff to cross the river from Shimonoseki on the evening of 12, and the 36th Division took advantage of the convenience of controlling the small steamboat stationed in Yimeng, and also crossed the river by small steamboat after crossing the river at the headquarters, with little loss.

The 87th Division, the 88th Division and the Teaching Corps are not as lucky as the 36th Division. Most of them failed to cross the Yangtze River (those who stayed in the city became the ghosts of the Nanjing Massacre), and only a few officers and men crossed the river to return home.

The 36th Division is the only German division that participated in the Nanjing Defence War. However, due to heavy casualties, he was transferred to Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province for more than three months. 1May, 938, immediately after the war in eastern Henan began, he was ordered to take part in the war, killing more than a thousand people in the battle around Kaifeng. In the August 1938 Wuhan Battle, the 36th Division finally lived up to expectations and achieved the most brilliant exploits during the whole Anti-Japanese War.

On September 1 day, the 36th Division started in Fujinshan and 800 Highlands, and formed a front with other departments of the 3rd Corps to stop the 2nd Army of the Japanese Army which detoured from Hefei to Wuhan.

On September 3rd, the Japanese 13 Division, under the cover of planes, tanks and artillery, broke through the warning positions of 7 1 Army in Xinjizi and Shimenkou, and then headed for Fujinshan, the main position of 7 1 Army held by the 36th Division. 7 1 Song Xilian, commander of the 36th Division. He knew that Fujinshan Line was the key to the whole front. Once the Japanese army falls, it will March in, and the follow-up troops of the national army behind the 36 th Division are still being assembled. It's too late to organize effective defense and attack Wuhan at the gates! Therefore, it can be said that every day or even an hour of the 36th Division in Fujinshan is precious! On the morning of the same day, from 10, the Japanese army invested in the main force of the 26th Brigade, and with the support of 24 planes and artillery of the whole division, stormed Fujin Mountain, all of which were repelled by the 36th Division.

The Japanese attack on Fujin Mountain gradually increased from the initial regiment to a whole brigade and four brigades. Under the cover of heavy machine gun's air-ground fire, the 36th Division made use of the favorable terrain of Fujin Mountain to fight to the death, and the Japanese army suffered heavy casualties and did not lose an inch of land!

On September 7th, the Japanese 10 Division captured Gushi and attacked Wumiaoji, west of Fujinshan, with United forces, which seriously threatened the rear of Fujinshan position. Song Xilian immediately dispatched the 523rd regiment of the 88th Division of the General Reserve to ambush Aokoutang, the only way for the Japanese army to go south, and was hit hard by the invading enemy and forced to return to Gushi. On the front of Fujin Mountain, the Japanese follow-up unit 16 Division has entered the west of Lu 'an, and 13 Division has relieved its worries and stormed with all its strength. From 9th to 10, the 36th Division fought bloody battles and smashed all the Japanese attacks. The Japanese 13 Division started to attack with all its strength in the early hours of 1 1. At about 9 o'clock, the battle broke in from the junction in front of Fujin Mountain and Shimenkou. Under the command of Chen Rui and his division commander, the 36th Division fought back with the heart of death. The officers and men fought bravely and fought to the death with the Japanese army, and the situation was extremely tragic. After many days of bloody fighting, the 36th Division was reinforced by a regiment of the 88th Division, but at this time of heavy casualties, it was only a drop in the bucket, and it was difficult to repel the Japanese flood with the dominant numbers and firepower. By the afternoon of 16, the 36th Division had all fallen except the commanding height of the main peak of Fujin Mountain. At such a critical juncture, Mr. Chen Rui and Mr. Wang organized the residual forces of the whole division to make the last powerful counterattack. Although it was hit hard by the Japanese army, there were only less than 1000 men left in the 36th Division, so it was difficult to fight again. Therefore, Song Xilian launched a counterattack from the right wing of Fujinshan with 6 1 division, seized the line from the 800 highland to Miaogao Temple, and covered the retreat of the 36th Division, where Fujinshan changed hands. -The 36th Division held fast to Kuya in Fujiyama for 9 days, delayed the attack of the 2nd Japanese Army with tenacious defense, and wiped out more than ten thousand Japanese troops 13 Division 1 10,000 (among them, Major General Tokugawa Morita, head of the 26th Brigade, was seriously injured, and his four joint commanders suffered heavy casualties), which won precious time for the adjustment and deployment of the national army and completely shattered the Japanese attempt to cross the Dabie Mountains and bypass Wuhan. Therefore, in September of 14, Chiang Kai-shek electrified the whole army to commend him: "... Yes, Mr. Chen's great achievements have already won the price of transcendence, especially in spirit, which is enough to convince the enemy that the more we fight, the stronger the spirit of the war of resistance, and the longer it lasts, which makes him breathless. ..... "And called on the whole army to learn the spirit of the 36th Division," go forward bravely "and kill the enemy to serve the country. Song Xilian, Chen Rui and both won the Hua Shen Medal of Honor. The only remaining 36 German-style teachers have dropped from 1 10,000 to 800, almost losing all their money, which has written the final glory and glory for German-style teachers! Those 36 divisions that survived the bloody battles in Songhu and Nanjing.

After the Battle of Fujinshan in the 36th Division, Xiangyang and Suixian first consolidated in Dabie Mountain area, then retreated to southern Shaanxi with 7 1 Army, and then moved to Lingbao, Henan Province, where they rested for eight months and gradually recovered. 1in March, 940, Li Zhipeng followed Chen Rui and led his troops to southeast Shanxi to deal with the Japanese army for several months. The first battle was to control Changzhi, which effectively covered the adjustment and deployment of the national army. Later, he went to the west of Shaanxi to rest, then went south to Sichuan, and entered Xichang in July of 194 1. 1in March, 942, the 36th Division was ordered to enter Yunnan as the backup of the expeditionary force. In May, the Japanese army defeated the Chinese expeditionary force that entered Myanmar and followed the expeditionary force that withdrew from the country. As the 66th Army retreated without fighting, the Japanese army went straight to western Yunnan and threatened Kunming. At this time, the 36th Division had just arrived in Xiangyun, western Yunnan, and immediately assembled vehicles to drive to Baoshan urgently. After the 36th Division arrived at Huitong Bridge on the east bank of Nujiang River, it immediately launched an attack on the enemy, quickly wiped out the small Japanese troops crossing the river by rubber boats, and built fortifications to launch defense. Because Huitong Bridge was blown off, the Japanese army could not cross the river with the main force and heavy equipment. Seeing that the whole army of the 36th Division was ready for battle, they gave up their attempt to cross the river and turned to Songshan, and the two sides formed a confrontation.

1944, the 36th Division transferred to the 20 th Army and 54 th Army, participated in the counter-offensive in western Yunnan, crossed the Nujiang River and captured Tengchong. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the 36th Division first fought the Dongjiang column of the People's Liberation Army in Guangdong and won many victories. 1946 was reorganized into the 36th brigade, and Li Zhipeng, the brigade commander belonging to the 54th division, went to the battlefield in East China. As the main force attacking Jiaodong, it captured Pingdu in September of 1947. 1947 At the beginning of February, the 106 regiment and 1 battalion of this brigade 108 regiment were annihilated in Laiyang. 106 Hu Yixuan, the head of the regiment, led the defense for more than ten days, and finally only led 17 troops to break through. Although he lost his division, he also lost his ground. Then the 36th Brigade rebuilt the 106 regiment. In the same month, the main force of the 54th Division was reorganized and transferred to the Northeast, while the 36th Brigade stayed in Shandong and transferred to the 45th Division to defend Qingdao.

1948165438+10. In October, the reorganized 36th Brigade resumed the designation of the 36th Division, with its teacher Hu Yixuan as its subordinate to the 50th Army (i.e. the original reorganized 45th Division). 1June, 949, she boarded the ship from Qingdao and withdrew from Guangdong. 1949 10 10 On October 36, the division was severely damaged by the 43rd Army of the People's Liberation Army in Yangjiang, Guangdong, and its division commander Li Chengzhong was captured. Zhang Guoying took over as a teacher and led others to Hainan Island, and was immediately dismissed. The glorious history of the 36th Division is over.