There are many loanwords and network terms in modern Chinese. Please give a few examples to explain briefly.

Trade between ethnic groups, cultural exchanges, mixed immigration, war conquest and other forms.

State contact can cause language contact. There are different types of language contact, the most common of which is.

What I see is the borrowing of words.

After the reform and opening up, China has strengthened its ties with the outside world, as well as new cultures and ideas overseas.

Ideas, new technologies and new products flooded into Chinese mainland, and then these were accused.

As loanwords, new words with new things and new concepts have entered modern Chinese in large numbers. foreign word

The appearance of "grape, pomegranate and alfalfa" was not only present, but also appeared in the Han Dynasty.

Lions, glass, etc. It was borrowed from the Western Regions in the Han Dynasty, and was later borrowed by various dynasties.

Use. Linguists have come to a conclusion about the characteristics of loanwords, such as several common loanwords.

Word formation includes transliteration, transliteration and free translation, transliteration and free translation, free translation and Chinese.

Sue, borrow it and use it directly.

Before the reform and opening up, China people cautiously borrowed foreign languages and directly used the original.

Less; After the reform and opening up, due to this greatest and most profound social change, it gave China

Great changes have taken place in China, and the process of social development has been accelerated. Therefore, foreign words

Another new feature of the influx of foreign languages is that more foreign languages are directly used than others.

There is a tendency to match.

The following are collected by the author and used in various newspapers, magazines and social terms in recent years.

Some loanwords with high frequency:

NBA (abbreviation of American professional basketball game)

AC Milan (famous Italian football team)

BASIC language (abbreviation of English "general symbol instruction code for beginners")

BP machine (English beeper, abbreviation of pager)

CD

CT (abbreviation of "Computer X-ray Tomography" in English)

VCD (abbreviation for English video disc and laser disc)

DNA (abbreviation of "deoxyribonucleic acid" in English)

DOS (short for "Disk Operating System" in English)

IQ (abbreviation of "IQ" in English)

Ok (English "good")

Karaoke (an electronic graphic accompaniment entertainment method originated in Japan)

TOEFL (abbreviation for English test as a foreign language)

XO (a famous French wine)

W.c (abbreviation of "bathroom" in English)

A.B.C (meaning "Introduction to English")

UFO (abbreviation of "UFO" in English)

T-shirt (short sleeve T-shirt)

MTV (short for MTV)

AA system (share equally or go Dutch at meals)

AB system (a method in which a troupe rehearses a play and the protagonist is often played by two people)

B-mode ultrasound (abbreviation of B-mode ultrasound)

CPU (abbreviation of "computer central processing unit" in English)

ISO (English abbreviation for "International Organization for Standardization")

KTV (karaoke box in performing arts or restaurants)

OA (abbreviation of "office automation" in English)

PH value (French abbreviation for "hydroxide ion concentration index")

International distress signals of ships and aircraft

SOS Children's Village (Orphan Charity)

X-ray (roentgen ray)

K gold (low purity gold, mainly used in jewelry)

0 157 (hemorrhagic colibacillosis)

(The above is the direct use of the original text)

CLONE: transliteration of English clone, which means clone.

NIKE: English Nike transliteration, American famous brand shoes.

LASER (also called laser): transliteration of English laser.

El Nino: Spanish transliteration of El Nino refers to Peru and Ecuador in South America.

There are thousands of kilometers of water temperature anomalies in the eastern and western equatorial Pacific Ocean near er.

Temperature rise phenomenon.

Massek: transliteration of English MOSIC.

Mercedes-Benz: transliteration of English BONZE, a brand-name car.

Sprite: transliteration of English SPRING, a drink.

MINI: transliteration of English mini, mini skirt.

TAXI: transliteration of English taxi.

BIKINI: transliteration of English bikini, covering small swimming trunks.

Hilton: English transliteration of HILLTON, the name of American tobacco.

MARLBORO: English Marlboro transliteration, American cigarette name.

DISCO: transliteration of English disco, a kind of dance.

Copy: transliteration and reproduction of English copies.

Sauna: transliteration of English Sana, using steam bath.

NIKON: transliteration of English Nikon. The name of a famous Japanese camera.

FUJI: transliteration of English fuji, a famous Japanese film.

BOYEATT: English transliteration, which means collective boycott.

Pudding: the transliteration of English pudding is a dessert in western food.

Cocaine: transliteration of English cocaine, a drug.

COCA-COLA: transliteration of English coca-cola, a drink.

Goldlion: Translated from English GOLDENLION, which means Golden Lion, a brand.

Lyme disease: a fatal infectious disease.

Ebola fever: an infectious disease originating in Africa.

As can be seen from the above examples, loanwords in the new period have an obvious feature, that is, direct use.

There are many foreign languages. Modern Chinese Dictionary (revised edition) has an appendix "Xi".

Words that begin with letters ",there are 38 words. But now there are other ways.

The analysis is as follows:

(1) directly quotes the original letter form, such as:

OK NBA VCD MTV SOS UFO

Abcbbp machine

⑵ Transliteration: Record the pronunciation of loanwords directly with Chinese characters.

MOSAIC: transliteration from English mosaic

CLONE: transliteration from English clone

Copy: transliteration English copy

Others such as:

Canon Fuji Taxi Nikon boycotts Sharp Mini Nissan.

Sprite Benz

Disco cocaine Minolta bikini Hilton Santana

Coca-Cola Pierre Cardin Company

Transliteration is also the main way to translate words in the new era.

(3) Transliteration and free translation: record the pronunciation of foreign words and the meaning of Chinese characters with Chinese characters.

Meaning to express its meaning, such as:

Mercedes-Benz: translated from English BONZE；;

Aids: translated from English AIDS;

Coca-cola: translated from English coca-cola;

This translation method can give consideration to both sound and meaning, killing two birds with one stone.

Sculpture is the best translation method, but this method is more difficult, so there are not many examples.

(4) transliteration plus ideographic: transliteration is accompanied by an ideographic morpheme in Chinese, such as:

Lyme disease AIDS T-shirt mini skirt

5] the original plus transliteration plus ideographic morphemes, such as:

T-shirt

[6] Semi-transliteration and semi-originality.

karaoke

Several words that are easy to translate are "AIDS, Goldlion, karaoke".

It should be pointed out that.

The word "AIDS" comes from American English. When it first appeared, Beijing CCTV

Translated into "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" in the news broadcast (1984.4.27 night), in which

This word is not only long but also difficult to understand, so there is no way. Only literal translation. Later, people answered

Received the translation of AIDS from Hong Kong. The translation of this loanword gives attention to both sound and meaning, and it is really integrated.

Kill two birds with one stone. It's really ingenious to savor this foreign word carefully. Now some newspapers will "love"

I'm afraid there is a reason to change it to "Ai" and "AIDS" to "AIDS"

When people talk about "love", they are afraid that the word will be stained with "yellow", so they choose vanilla (Ai).

Be a scapegoat.

"Goldlion" is a fashionable brand name in recent years, and it is Goldlion International.

Name of the company. Originally called "Golden Lion" (English), but "Golden Lion"

In Cantonese, it is homophonic with "gold loss", which is taboo for many consumers in Hong Kong and Macao. This company

After some hard thinking, Ceng Xianzi, the boss, decided to combine free translation with transliteration.

China people were named "Goldlion" to cater to consumption and good luck, which was quickly accepted by the public.

"Karaoke" has always been popular in urban and rural areas of China, but who has really tasted this word?

What's the point? Among the foreign words so far, it is a very unique word, semi-transliteration.

(Kara), semi-original (OK), which was unique in the past. "karaoke"

It is a transliteration of Japanese "がろォヶ", which means "empty", and "ォヶ" is

The Japanese transliteration abbreviation of English ORCHESTRA, together, is "empty band";

There is only music accompaniment, and the lyrics are empty for others to sing. This word was originally borrowed from English.

KALAROKE, and then enter Chinese. When the word crossed the ocean, it just set foot in Chinese mainland.

Hou's words immediately attracted a lot of criticism, for fear that this medium-sized thing would be given to China people.

Vocabulary brings confusion, and even officials step in and try to use other names instead. In that way

And this word is still alive with its tenacious vitality. Everyone took pictures today.

However, few people discriminate against it any more.

To sum up, all kinds of loanwords coexist in the new period, but they all use the original text directly.

There are too many. The situation of a hundred flowers blooming in Hangzhou is probably due to the following reasons:

(1) The improvement of people's foreign language proficiency.

In the new era, due to the need to communicate with the outside world, most people who have attended school have been exposed to the outside world.

Language. No matter your level, you are familiar with foreign languages, especially the most popular English.

You can borrow a dictionary to read general articles. This is the most direct reason.

(2) Based on the principle of simplicity.

The accelerated pace of modern life requires people to make a long story short. A large number of abbreviations in foreign languages

Just adapt to this demand. For example, "CT" is like "Computerized X-ray Tomography"

Much simpler. MTV，VCD，DVD，UFO，ISO，DOS

This is the case.

⑶ Some loanwords are difficult to transliterate or translate freely.

When a large number of scientific and technological predictions are borrowed from Chinese, Chinese is not easy to translate and often does not understand each other.

Corresponding words, so use the original text directly, like "karaoke", and then like "

CPU, DNA ",etc.

(4) for rhetoric.

There are some "indecent" or "sensitive" words in Chinese, which are in the original text.

Can dilute their "indecent" color. If "WC" is used instead of "toilet",

Can dilute the "indecent" color of the familiar "toilet"; Replace "sex" with "sex"

"sexy" is used because "SEXY" is a commendatory term in English, which implies certain gender specificity.

In China, the word "sexy" includes "coquettish, flirtatious and provocative".

The meaning of sex.

5] Influenced by Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Hong Kong and Taiwan have emerged because of their special status and geographical location and more contacts with the outside world.

A large number of loanwords are borrowed, and the mainland is directly transferred from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Such as: "MTV, Kara.

OK "and so on. This is the case.

Whether the appearance of a large number of original loanwords is beneficial or harmful, I dare not jump to conclusions now, but

What can't help worrying is that there are often mixed situations in language.

Attract people's attention, especially that of linguists and translators.

References:

Chysky