Ophthalmic physical examination not only checks vision, but also needs these kinds of examinations.

Everyone's impression of eye health examination probably stays on the eye chart and optical examination, but in fact, the eye is a very complicated organ, and its requirements and accuracy are no less than other physical examinations. One of the most important points is "visual field examination", which is often overlooked by everyone, but can see the disease factors.

Basic ophthalmological examination Generally speaking, there will be visual examination, intraocular pressure examination and fundus examination. In addition to looking at the eye chart, you should also sit on the optometry instrument and look at the balloon or small house in the machine to confirm the degree of hyperopia, myopia and astigmatism. This kind of inspection is very common, and basically professional optical shops can operate it, which is very convenient to use when matching glasses.

However, in addition to myopia and hyperopia, eye diseases include glaucoma, cataracts and retinal detachment. The early symptoms of these diseases are not obvious, or even easily overlooked, which may be the complications of other diseases. Therefore, when you go to the physical examination center, you are likely to do intraocular pressure examination and fundus examination again.

There are two ways to measure intraocular pressure. The first contact tonometer measures the hardness of eyeball, that is, the pressure of eyeball itself is converted by the force required to flatten cornea. When doing this test, be sure to keep your eyes straight ahead, don't deliberately open your eyes wide or narrow your eyes, and keep them open and closed normally. Another method is a non-contact tonometer, which uses jet air to flatten the cornea.

Usually, the intraocular pressure below 20~2 1mmHg is called normal intraocular pressure, and there is a risk of glaucoma if it exceeds this standard, but in fact, everyone's optic nerve has different tolerance standards for intraocular pressure, so the proportion of glaucoma caused by low intraocular pressure is also very high. It is suggested that attention should be paid if the intraocular pressure difference between the two eyes exceeds 4mmHg, or the value at regular examination is much higher than that at the last examination.

Fundus examination and visual field examination Fundus refers to retina, optic nerve and choroid. Retina is responsible for visual projection, while choroid is the source of nutrition and oxygen. Through the photographic examination of fundus, we can clearly see whether the blood vessels, shapes and colors of retina, macula, optic nerve and choroid are abnormal, and then check out various problems.

For example, retinal breaks, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, optic neuritis, and even eye wind, diabetes, and hypertension can all be seen through subtle changes in fundus blood vessels. Some people find that they have diabetes simply because of blurred vision. Conversely, diabetic patients can also understand how their physical condition is controlled through fundus examination.

Visual field examination refers to the range that the eyes can see, generally speaking, it is 50 degrees upward, 60 degrees toward the nose, 90 degrees outward and 70 degrees downward. If you can't see clearly on both sides, it may be a visual field defect. For example, if you can't see around your eyes, or in the middle of your eyes, you can't see what is on your right. It may be glaucoma, cataract, retinal detachment, macular degeneration, etc. Even a blood clot formed by brain tumor or stroke pressing the optic nerve.

The way to check is to use a visual field scanner. The inspection process takes about 10 minutes. After leaning your head against the machine, you must always look at the center of the screen, but the machine will flash bright spots in all directions. When you see a bright spot in which direction, be sure to press the button in that direction to confirm where the field of vision is missing.

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