Computer assembly and maintenance training report

Practice content: computer assembly and maintenance

Internship location: school/computer room KLOC-0/.

Exercise purpose: Through computer assembly, understand the hardware and structure of the computer, and understand the whole assembly process and precautions of the computer.

Practice requirements: be able to identify various parts of the computer and assemble a computer by yourself.

I. Identification components:

1.cpu (core component) Main functions: arithmetic unit and controller. It is through these pins that the cup communicates with other parts of the computer and transmits data and instructions.

2.cpu fan: cpu will emit a lot of heat when it works. If it is not cooled in time, it may burn out the cpu. Therefore, a fan is added to achieve the purpose of heat dissipation.

3. Motherboard: It is the most important part of the main roof of the computer, and it is connected with other devices to work.

4. Memory stick: it is temporary storage, and the data will disappear after power failure.

Hard disk: records all kinds of information by reading and writing, and stores all kinds of software, programs and data.

6. Floppy drive: Usually you can insert a floppy disk to store data.

7.CD-ROM drive: You can insert a CD to read data.

8. Power supply: convert alternating current into DC voltage.

9. Display card: the boring digital information composed of 0 and 1 is converted into a color image and appears on the screen.

10. Network card: an input and output device connecting a computer and a network. It has the functions of sending data to the network, controlling data, receiving and converting data.

1 1. Sound card: It is one of the core components of computer multimedia equipment. Its main function is to process sound signals and transmit them to speakers or headphones, so that the latter can make sounds.

12. Mouse: The movement of the rolling ball drives the aperture of X axis and Y axis to rotate, generating data of 0 and 1, and then sending the relative coordinate values back to the computer and reflecting them on the screen. At present, most of them basically use photoelectric mouse, and the principle is basically the same as that of rolling ball mouse. )

13. Keyboard: one of the most important input devices of a computer and one of the indispensable standard accessories in a PC system.

14. displays: mainly include cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, liquid crystal displays (lcd), and plasma display (PDP) displays. CRT is mostly used now, but lcd will soon occupy the market.

Two. Installation:

1. Install the motherboard: first open the chassis and remove the side cover. Align the I/O port of the motherboard with the back of the chassis, align the positioning hole of the motherboard with the motherboard bracket on the chassis, and fix the motherboard with bolts.

2. Installing cpu: First, gently push the handle beside the motherboard socket outward, then pull the handle upward to the vertical position, and insert the first pin (pin with hole) of cpu into cpu. It should be noted that the fillet should be aligned and inserted to prevent damage, the guard plate should be pressed back, and the handle should be clamped and fixed.

3. Install the fan: install the fan on the cpu, hang the low elastic hook of the fan on the hooks at both ends of the socket, and insert the three-hole power plug of the fan into the fan power socket of the motherboard (generally close to the cpu).

4. Install the memory stick: The notch on the memory stick is aligned with the notch of the memory stick slot on the motherboard, and it is pressed vertically downward into the slot, and the white fixing clips on both sides of the slot automatically snap upward to lock the memory stick.

5. Install the power supply: put the power supply on the chassis, and the fan of the power supply should retreat towards the chassis and aim at the fan hole. Secure the power supply with bolts. The connection point originates from the motherboard (the motherboard power interface is generally near the cpu)

6. Installation of hard disk: First, fix the hard disk in the host bracket (the label is upward and the wiring part faces the inside of the chassis) and fix it with bolts. Then, connect the D-type four-hole plug of the power supply with the power socket of the hard disk. Connect one end of IDE data line to the hard disk,

(Pay attention to setting the master and slave disks of CD-ROM drive and hard disk, and make clear their relationship. How to set the master-slave disk can refer to the parameter table on the IDE device. )

7. Installation of floppy disk: The installation method is the same as that of hard disk. The tail port of the data line is connected with the floppy drive interface of the motherboard, and the 1 line of the data line is aligned with the first pin of the interface. Insert the small four-hole plug of the power supply into the power plug of the floppy drive.

8. Install the optical drive: the installation method is the same as that of the hard disk. The tail port of the data cable is connected with the optical drive interface of the motherboard, and the 1 line of the data cable is aligned with the first pin of the interface. Insert the small four-hole plug of the power supply into the power plug of the optical drive.

9. Connect the serial port line of AT motherboard

Ordinary AT motherboards also connect serial lines and parallel lines to the motherboard, and ATX motherboards are directly attached to the motherboard, which can save this step.

10. Installing the graphics card: find a Conde PCI slot, insert the interface of the graphics card into the slot toward the back of the chassis, and fix the graphics card on the chassis.

1 1. Install the sound card: find a Conde PCI slot, insert the interface of the sound card into the slot toward the back of the chassis, and fix the sound card on the chassis.

12. Installing the network card: find a Conde PCI slot, insert the interface of the network card into the slot towards the back of the chassis, and fix the network card on the chassis.

13. Connect the control panel: First, find the connection position of the indicator light and the key on the chassis panel on the motherboard (generally metal pins), and then connect the HDD LED, TB SW, TB LED, Reset, speaker and PowerLED on the chassis panel on the motherboard pin according to the principle of "positive connection and negative connection".

14. Seal the remaining notches with baffles. Then carefully check the connection of each part, and then turn on the power to observe the operation of the computer. Run ok, cover the chassis and install the screws, so that the installation process of the host is basically completed.

15. Plug in the mouse and keyboard.

19. Install DOS and WIN98 operating systems (recorded according to the actual situation).

The first step is to understand the minimum requirements of WIN98 system.

The second step is to install WINDOWS98 operating system.

1) Start the system with the startup disk, and divide the hard disk into three partitions according to the previous method, where C is the system disk and D and E are the file storage disks.

2) Put the Win98 CD into the CD-ROM drive, and it will automatically start running and enter the installation mode. Then Win98 will start to copy the temporary files needed for installation to the hard disk (root directory of disk C), and then prompt to restart the computer to enter the next installation process. In this series of operations, the installer will provide us with the opportunity to customize advanced options. What needs to be changed is that during the installation process, the system can manually select the partition to be installed, and the rest can keep the default values.

3) After the restart, we enter the second stage of Win98 installation. The installer loads all kinds of drivers needed to detect the hard disk from the temporary folder on the hard disk, and then displays the hard disk partition, so that we can choose which partition to install Win98 (because the advanced options for selecting the installation partition have been customized). After that, the installer will copy files, detect hardware, set up the system, and so on. And there will be one or two restarts, all the way down, and finally Win98 is completed. The whole installation process takes about an hour, which has a lot to do with the hardware configuration of the computer.

Step 3 Install the device driver

Understand the device and its model, such as whether the device to be installed is a video card or a sound card.

Experimental experience:

2 1 century is the information age, and information and computers are inevitably related, but people pay more attention to computer software and network technology, which are considered as the main ones. Technically, they are better than hardware such as computer assembly. But I think it is very important to assemble and maintain this course, because it is the foundation of the whole computer and a part of the whole system. Without a foundation, nothing else can be discussed.

Learning the course "Assembly and Maintenance" is very touching. I used to think that computer knowledge was deep and difficult, but now it is no longer a problem to assemble a computer! In the study of this course, I understood the teacher's sentence, "Learning is for use, learning is just for use." The combination of learning and application is easy to accept, understand and generate interest in learning.

Through this internship, I have mastered and understood the basic composition of PC and the structure and function of each component. And I can assemble the PC, and I know the precautions in the installation process. For some simple faults, you can do them yourself, such as:

1. If the memory module is not installed, an alarm will sound. If no graphics card is installed, it will beep.

2. When creating partitions, it is worth noting: main partition and logical partition.

The main partition is characterized in that only one partition can be active at any time. When a primary partition is activated, other primary partitions on the same hard disk can no longer be accessed. Therefore, the operating system in one primary partition can no longer access files in other primary partitions on the same physical hard disk. The logical partition does not belong to the operating system. As long as its file system is compatible with the started operating system, the operating system can access it.

3. Check the internal connection of the computer:

A. Whether the power switch can be turned on and off normally, with clear voice and no linkage or poor contact;

B. Whether other buttons and switches are turned on or off normally;

C. Whether the signal line connected to the outside is open or short-circuited;

D. Whether the host power supply has been correctly connected to the corresponding sockets of the main components, especially the motherboard;

E. Whether the jumper settings on the board, especially the motherboard, are correct.

4.BIOS setting check:

A. check whether the fault disappears by clearing CMOS;

B whether the settings in the B.BIOS are inconsistent with the actual configuration (such as disk parameters, memory type, CPU parameters, display type, temperature setting, etc.). );

C update the BIOS as needed to check whether the fault disappears.

Personally, I think this internship is very meaningful to me, and it is very helpful to my personal influence and my growth.