Analysis of Novice Photography Skills (2)

3. Busts and head close-ups should be shot with a large aperture, so as to make the subject clear, the background slightly blurred, enhance the perspective of far and near space, and thus highlight the subject. In addition, the effective aperture of the lens is large, so you can still use a faster shutter speed when shooting dynamic people in slightly dim light without flash.

Twelve, jitter/shutter speed /ISO grasp skills

Many people don't make any settings after buying a camera, just set the camera to be fully automatic, no matter what they shoot. In fact, if you have a certain understanding and research on the camera, you can prevent the shooting from failing.

Virtual focus, hand jitter and subject jitter

First of all, when we don't shoot well, we should start with the failed photos. It can be clearly seen that the failed photos are basically due to virtual focus, hand shake and subject shake. You don't know how to shoot like this until you know the reason. So when shooting badly, don't just think it's a failure, but analyze the reasons for the failure.

Virtual focus refers to' focus shift leads to blurred portrait'. Generally speaking, the in-focus place will be shot clearly, the portrait will be sharp, and the out-of-focus place will be blurred.

Digital cameras often fail: the focus is on the background, but the person who wants to shoot is blurred. This is because when the shutter is pressed, the camera will automatically focus on the background, not closer to the main body of the camera. On the other hand, there are times when the focus is on nearby objects, such as trying to shoot a child sitting across the table, but the focus is accidentally on the plate on the table. This is not good.

It is difficult to distinguish virtual focus on the LCD screen of digital camera. If you think there is something wrong with it, pay attention to it and shoot it seriously. Here are some tips.

(photos of virtual focus. What's the point? Just press the shutter of the digital camera. The shutter works in two stages. Half press, the camera begins to focus (that is, half press). Then press all the shutters and you can shoot.

In order to prevent virtual focus, it is best to press the shutter for half a turn to focus, and then press the shutter at a suitable time. Generally, digital cameras are looking for the object in the middle, so first put the child to be photographed in the middle to focus, and then move the camera slightly to decide the composition. Using this technology can prevent virtual focus to some extent.

It is difficult to get used to this skill, but it is easy to understand. I don't have to pay attention to such complicated things as half-pressing the shutter, focus according to my own wishes, and then take good photos. However, the camera is just a machine and can't understand your wishes. So users need to cooperate with the camera. This will make it easier to take photos with accurate focus.

In addition, there are cases where the focus distance is too close to cause virtual focus. Therefore, according to the type of aircraft, macro mode can be considered when shooting objects 50 cm away from the eyes.

Then there is the problem of jitter. The difference between virtual focus and jitter is very obvious. The whole outline is fuzzy and belongs to jitter. The background and foreground are very clear, and only the fuzzy subject belongs to virtual focus.

There are two kinds of shaking, one is hand shaking, because the hand is shaking when pressing the shutter, and the photos taken will be blurred.

In fact, even if there is hand shake, the photo will not be blurred because of the high shutter speed. However, when the shutter speed is 1/20 seconds, the hand shake in the photo is obvious.

In order to prevent hand shaking, we should first pay attention to the method of holding the camera. As I said last time, hold the camera tightly with your right hand, and then hold it with your left hand. It is best not to leave your body. If there is something nearby to support your body or elbow, you can put your elbow on the table. It is also possible to put your elbow close to your body without support. Then press the shutter gently.

If you always pay attention to hand shaking and be careful that the shooting still fails, then put your elbow on your knee or put your hand on a table or chair when shooting and relax yourself when shooting.

There is also a kind of jitter, that is, subject jitter. Please look at the two photos taken below. What blurs the background and children is hand shaking, while what blurs the background and children is subject shaking. In other words, the child moved within a few tenths of a second of pressing the shutter. Some people mistakenly think that subject jitter is virtual focus, but there are many cases.

In order to prevent the subject from shaking, the best way is to catch the moment when the child stops. If you look carefully, the moments between actions can be considered static. Just press the shutter at this time.

This is about hand shaking. The baby and the background are blurred. The door in the background is also haunted by shaking hands. )

(This is the subject shaking. The background is clear, only the subject is blurred. This is because the timing of pressing the shutter is just when the baby and mother are moving. ) But shaking is not absolutely impossible. Sometimes if there is shaking, you can take a good picture.

Thirteen, the photographer's magic trick-fill light technology

All professional photographers are magicians, and fill light technology is one of their common magic tricks.

The so-called auxiliary lighting technology is to use a flashlight for proper auxiliary lighting when the light is too dark or the light ratio is too large, so as to obtain the lighting effect required by the photographer. Its original use is to overcome the inherent shortcomings of photographic film and paper, because no matter what kind of photosensitive material, compared with the human eye and brain system, the brightness range that can be recorded is much smaller, that is, the contrast range is much narrower.

For example, if you shoot a model with a shadow face outdoors, if you measure the light according to the brightness of the background, many details and layering of the dark part of the model's face will be lost. If the face is exposed normally by increasing exposure, the background will turn white again.

Of course, you can make up for this in darkroom production, or use a computer to adjust the contrast, but the best way is to fundamentally solve the problem, that is, to reduce the contrast between the subject and the background, which is the place where the fill light technology comes into play. All you have to do is use a portable flash. The photos selected here are all taken like this.

Using fill light technology, you will see beautiful eyes when shooting people, and people will look younger and more energetic; When shooting natural scenery, the colors will be brighter and the saturation will be higher. If there is enough flash synchronization speed, electronic flash can solidify people and things in motion. The flash synchronization speed of most 135 SLR cameras does not exceed 1/250 seconds, generally1125 seconds.

When you use flash combined with live light photography (that is, using fill light technology), you will get a clear image under a blurred background, which is called flash ghost. The slower the shutter speed, the more serious the ghost, from the edge of the object to a blur.

The college dance shot by Adrian Collins (figure 1) and the casino scene shot by Jeff Jacobson (figure 2) make effective use of ghosts. Sports photographers often use ghost images when shooting moving bodies. Just look at the photos of air movement people taken by El Leo (Figure 3).

Fourteen, teach you how to hold the camera correctly.

Proper camera holding will help to take clearer photos, so don't take photos with one hand smartly or absently when it is unnecessary. A safer way is to hold the camera with both hands balanced. Because the shape of the camera is different from everyone's holding habits, the method of holding the camera is not necessarily the same. But the general principle is fluency, convenience and stability.

When taking banner photos, press the shutter with your right hand, hold the camera with your left palm (see bottom left), and adjust the aperture and focus with your fingers. To further enhance stability, you should tighten your arms and press your elbows toward your chest. When you take a portrait, you just need to put your hand down (see bottom right). This technique is faster, but it takes longer for the arm to get tired.

So some people like another technique: hold the palm of your left hand against the bottom of the camera, adjust the aperture and focus with your fingers, or put your fingers together, press the shutter with your index finger, and hold the fuselage tightly with the other four fingers. Many times, photographers don't want to hang their cameras around their necks, but use them directly in their hands. At this time, remember to wrap the camera belt around his wrist in time to avoid being broken because the camera accidentally falls.

Fifteen, photography skills: the skills of life photography mode

Characteristics of life photography:

Real life itself is extremely rich. After work, people should carry out various activities, such as study, rest, entertainment and housework. People of different occupations have different lifestyles, and people of the same sex have different hobbies. These colorful photos of real life provide extremely rich materials. Life photography is also very lively. Life photography is different from industry, agriculture, sports and stage photography. It has no more restrictions, shooting is free, there are no rules and regulations, and it is generally not restricted by time, environment and climate.

General requirements of life photography:

1. A photo that reflects the truth of life shows the real people in life, which is the truth of life. Although the truth of life exists objectively, it is a natural thing, with good and bad, beauty and ugliness coexisting, so what happens in life, reflected in photos, should be healthy in thought.

2. Reflecting people's mental outlook, life photography, like other types of photography, is an endless activity. Through people's specific activities, we can reflect people's living conditions and record people's life experiences. Therefore, it is very important to reflect people's mental outlook, and it should also be vivid in form. Some life photography works only see the appearance of the characters, but not the heart of the characters. This kind of work is not a true record, let alone artistic value.

3. Have a strong flavor of life. Life photography works must have a strong flavor of life, which is different from other photography creations. Works without life breath are dull in content and dull in image. Therefore, the author must learn to capture the real shot and avoid man-made and fake.

Life photography practice:

1. Taking a group photo In life photography, taking a group photo is common, and "all" is this type of photo. All kinds of cameras can take pictures. If possible, put the camera on a tripod to slow down, narrow the aperture and increase the depth of field. Before shooting, arrange the subject reasonably, focus, and check whether the nearest person and the farthest person are within the depth of field of the aperture used. When you are ready, predict to the subject: "Attention, get ready to shoot!" " At the same time, observe the expression of the subject and wait for an opportunity to press the shutter.

Shooting points: 1. Select side light and expose it according to the dark part of the face; Second, use a small aperture and a long depth of field; Third, the arrangement of characters should not be too wide, and the line of sight of characters should be consistent.

2. Take small photos of people. Whether shooting old people, young people or children, we should be good at reflecting their characteristics and depicting their external forms and internal psychology. The treatment of lighting, composition and tone should be suitable for everyone.

When shooting people, use a standard lens or a telephoto lens. The telephoto lens can capture the natural expression of the subject when he is not paying attention.

Shooting points: First, the light can be side light, side backlight and backlight; Second, the depth of field should be short and the focus should be realistic; Third, tone management varies from person to person and from situation to situation; Fourth, pay attention to expression and advocate snapshot.

3. When taking photos of family life, you should also be good at choosing the lens. Pay attention to the emotions of the characters when shooting, don't be pushed around by others, and don't go against the truth of life.

Shooting points: First, we should make great efforts to refine the theme, so that the environment and atmosphere are consistent with the theme; Second, the scene should be realistic; Third, the picture is vivid and the life atmosphere is strong; Fourth, make full use of the on-site light source and fill the light appropriately; Fifth, the aperture and speed should be flexible.

Sixteen, digital photography skills: common mistakes in beginners photography 18 case.

1. All four corners of a photo taken with a wide-angle lens are black.

Mainly because the coverage of the flash does not match the field of view of the wide-angle lens. Most of the flash coverage of the old flash can only be matched with a small wide-angle lens of 35mm. The field of view of the 28mm wide-angle lens is larger than that of the 35mm lens by 12 degrees, so the picture appears black due to insufficient light. There are two ways to prevent it. One is to add a diffuser to the light to make the flash turn into scattered light to expand the coverage. The second is to cover the lamp holder with white gauze to scatter the light, so that the whole picture receives light evenly.

2. The color of the picture is blurred