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[Edit this paragraph] Author introduction

Du Fu (A.D. 7 12-770), Han nationality, with beautiful words, was named Shaoling Yelao, Du Shaoling and Du Gongbu. He was born in Gongxian (now gongyi city) and is the grandson of the famous poet Du. China, the greatest realistic poet in Tang Dynasty, was called "Da Du Li" and "Poet Saint" together with Li Bai. He wrote 1400 poems in his life. Originally from Xiangyang, Hubei Province, Gong County, Henan Province. The distant ancestor was Du Yu, a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, and his father was Du Xian. Tang Suzong, Official Left Addendum. After he entered Shu, he was recommended by his friends as a staff officer of Ren Jiannan Drug Rehabilitation Center, and Yuan Wailang was appointed as the school's engineering department. Therefore, later generations also called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu. Du Fu (712-770) studied and traveled before the age of 35. During the Tianbao period, he went to Chang 'an and had no way to join the army. After ten years of hardships, he won a small position in which you Wei led Cao to join the army. At the beginning of An Shi Rebellion, he was exiled and captured by the rebels. After getting out of danger, the official got a left pickup truck. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he abandoned his official position and went west. Finally he went to Sichuan and settled in Chengdu. He once played Yuan Wailang in Jiannan Our Time Yanwu, so he was also named Du Gongbu. In his later years, his family moved eastward, staying in Kuizhou for two years and leaving the gorge. Wandering in Hubei and Hunan, he died of poverty and illness. Zi Mei lived in the historical period from prosperity to decline in the Tang Dynasty. Her poems are mostly about social unrest, political darkness and people's sufferings, which is called "the history of poetry". He is concerned about the country and the people, with noble personality and exquisite poetic skills. Du Fu is good at using many systems of classical poetry and creatively developing them. He is the pioneer of the new Yuefu poetry style. His Yuefu poems contributed to the development of the new Yuefu movement in the middle Tang Dynasty. His "May 7th" ancient novel, which is also a history of poetry, begins to narrate and focus on the whole story, marking the high achievement of China's poetry art. Du Fu also showed extraordinary creativity in the May 7th law, and accumulated complete artistic experience in the aspects of temperament, antithesis and refining words and sentences, which made this genre reach a fully mature stage. Du Gongbu has been handed down from generation to generation. The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, criticized and exposed the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life. He sympathized with the people and even fantasized that he was willing to make self-sacrifice to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, which shows Du Fu's greatness. His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences. At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry. Du Fu also inherited the spirit of Yuefu in Han and Wei Dynasties, got rid of the shackles of the ancient Yuefu themes and created many new Yuefu themes, such as the famous Three Officials and Three Farewells. After his death, he was highly praised by Huang Fan, Han Yu, Yuan Zhen and Bai Juyi. Du Fu's poems had a far-reaching influence on Bai Yuan's literary thought of "New Yuefu Movement" and Li Shangyin's near-body allegorical current affairs poems. However, Du Fu's poems were widely valued after the Song Dynasty. Yu Wang, Wang Anshi, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Lu You and others highly praised Du Fu, while Wen Tianxiang regarded Du Fu's poems as a spiritual force to adhere to national integrity. The influence of Du Fu's poems, from ancient times to the present, has long gone beyond the scope of literature and art. For details of his life, see Old Tang Book 190. This is Du Gongbu. Three Officials and Three Farewells are the representative works of Du Fu's realistic poems. It truly describes the thoughts, feelings, actions and language of county officials, customs officials, old women, old people, brides, husbands and others in a specific environment, vividly reflects the social reality of that period and the profound disasters and pains of working people, and shows people tragic life tragedies. In these descriptions of life sufferings, on the one hand, the poet has deep sympathy for the people who have suffered greatly, and hates the enslavement and persecution of the people by officials; On the other hand, he supported the counter-insurgency war of the dynasty and hoped that the people would suffer hardships and cooperate with the dynasty to put down the rebellion. This complex and contradictory thought accords with the poet's thought of worrying about the country and the people.

[Edit this paragraph] Original poem

Looking for flowers by the river (1)

The spring flowers by the river bother me so much that I have to go everywhere.

He came to the south to find a drinker and went out for a drink ten days ago.

Looking for flowers by the river (2)

Flowers are like splendid flowers, like a river, and the steps are askew in the meantime. My heart is really afraid of spring.

But now poetry and wine can listen to me, and I don't have to bear any psychological burden for my bald head.

Looking for flowers by the river (3)

There are two or three families living in the bamboo forest beside the river bank, and the provocative red flowers set off the white flowers.

I have a place to repay the happiness of spring. Joan can take her time at the hotel.

Looking for flowers by the river (4)

Look east at the flowers and cigarettes in Shaocheng. It's time for the high glistening in western restaurants to resolve jealousy.

Who can take me to drink, call a beautiful woman, sing, laugh, dance and have a good life?

Looking for flowers by the river (6)

The water in front of the Yellow River flows eastward, giving people a sense of sleepiness and spring breeze in spring.

Peach blossoms have no owner, and lovely deep red loves light red.

Looking for flowers by the river (6)

Four yellow maiden flowers thrive on the road covered, and thousands of flowers bow and the branches are low.

The butterflies in the flowers are dancing, and the soft yinger in freedom is just singing happily.

Looking for flowers by the river (7)

Love flowers don't want to die, but they are afraid to spend all their years urging each other.

Many branches are easy to fall, and young leaves are discussed in detail.

[Edit this paragraph] Definition of words

1. Looking for flowers alone: walking alone to enjoy flowers.

2. Huang Siniang: Du Fu's neighbor when he lived in Chengdu Caotang.

3. Path (xρ): Path.

4. Jiao: Cute.

5. Cha Cha: Describe the harmony of birds' songs.

6. lingering: it has the same meaning as "lingering", and it is lingering and reluctant to leave. This poem is used to describe flying around among flowers, reluctant to part. "Liulian" is a conjunction. The two words that make up Lian Mian's Ci only record the pronunciation of the word, which has nothing to do with the meaning, so a Lian Mian Ci may have several different writing forms, but the meaning of the word is still the same.

7. Riverside: Riverside.

[Edit this paragraph] Poetry translation

The path around Huang Si's maiden is full of colorful flowers.

Thousands of flowers bent the branches.

The playful butterfly doesn't want to fly around,

Free and easy oriole, the sound is harmonious and moving.

[Edit this paragraph] Poetry appreciation

Du Fu, a poet in the first year of Shangyuan (AD 760) in Tang Suzong, lived in Chengdu, Sichuan, and built a thatched cottage beside Huanhuaxi in the western suburbs. He found a place to live for the time being and felt much more comfortable. In the spring season, he walked alone by the river to enjoy the flowers and wrote a set of seven-character quatrains, which is the sixth of them.

The first sentence "Huang Siniang's home is full of flowers" points out the place to find flowers. A "path" is a path. "Flowers are all over the path" means that many flowers cover the path and connect it. The second sentence is "a thousand flowers are low." "A hundred flowers blossom" describes a large number. The words "pressure" and "low" in "Pressing branches low" are used very aptly and vividly, vividly depicting the dense, large and numerous flowers in spring, which bend the branches. This sentence is the embodiment of the word "full" in the previous sentence The third sentence, "There is a butterfly dance". "Linglian" describes butterflies flying around and reluctant to leave. Write the bright fragrance of spring flowers from the side. In fact, the poet was also attracted by colorful spring flowers and stayed. The fourth sentence is "Jiao Ying chirps". "Jiao" is a description of Ying Ge's softness and roundness. "Chen Wenjing Ti" means that when the poet came to enjoy the flowers, the oriole was singing. Just because the poet was happy, he took it for granted that oriole sang for himself. This is the same as the previous sentence, saying that butterflies are attached to spring flowers, which is empathy. Because the poet successfully used this technique to integrate things with me and create a scene, this little poem is more intimate and interesting to read.

In the first year of Shangyuan (760), Du Fu lived in Xiguo Caotang, Chengdu. After the troubled times, he began to have a place to live, which made the poet feel gratified. In spring, he walked alone along the river, and his feelings were born with the scenery, which became seven poems. This is the sixth group of poems.

The first sentence points out that the place to look for flowers is on the path of "Huangsiniangjia". This sentence is written in a poem by a famous person, which has a strong interest in life and a folk song flavor. The second sentence "a thousand flowers" is the embodiment of the word "full" in the previous sentence. "The branches are very low", which depicts the flowers bending the branches heavily, and the scenery is lifelike. The words "pressure" and "low" are used accurately and vividly. In the third sentence, colorful butterflies on the flower branches wander around, and they "linger" because they love flowers, suggesting that the flowers are fragrant and fresh. The flowers are lovely, and the dancing of butterflies is also lovely, which inevitably makes people who walk "linger". But he may not stop, but move on, because the scenery is infinite and there are many beautiful scenery. "Always" is not an occasional sight. Using this word, the fun of spring is rendered. Just when it was pleasing to the eye, a string of beautiful songs by oriole happened to wake up the poet who was intoxicated with flowers. This is the artistic conception of the last sentence. The word "jiao" describes Yinger's soft voice. "Freedom" is not only an objective portrayal of Jiao Ying's posture, but also a pleasant and relaxing psychological feeling. The poem ends with Ying Ge's "Chen Wenjing", which is full of charm. Reading this quatrain, I seem to be walking on the road to "Huang Si's maiden" in the suburbs of Chengdu thousands of years ago, enjoying the infinite beauty endowed by spring with the poet.

This poem is about appreciating the scenery, which is common in the quatrains of the prosperous Tang Dynasty. However, it is rare to see such a poem with exquisite description and unusually beautiful colors. For example, "So people are at the peach blossom bank until the stream flows in front of the door" (Chang Jian's "Looking for Li Jiuzhuang in Three Days"), "Last night, the wind opened the peach well, and the moon was high in the front hall of Weiyang" (Wang Changling's "Spring Palace Complaint"), these scenes all appear "beautiful"; After Du Fu's Flowers Blooming, a Thousand Flowers, butterflies and songs were added, and the scenery was beautiful. This kind of writing is unprecedented.

Secondly, people in the prosperous Tang Dynasty paid great attention to the harmony of poetic tone. Their quatrains can often be strung together, so they are very harmonious. Du Fu's quatrains are not written for singing, but purely poetry, so there are often awkward sentences. According to the law, the sentence "flowers are pressing branches" in this poem should be flat. But this "contradiction" is by no means an arbitrary destruction of the melody, and the overlap of "letting a hundred flowers blossom" has a taste of beauty. Although the word "duo" of "Qianhua" and the word "four" in the same position in the previous sentence belong to the same tone, the rising tone and falling tone are different from each other, and the tone still changes. It's not that poets don't pay attention to the musical beauty of poetry. This is manifested in the use of disyllabic words, onomatopoeic words and reduplicated words in three or four sentences. "Liulian" and "Freedom" are disyllabic words, such as the connection between beads and melody. "Chen Wenjing" is an onomatopoeic word, which describes the voice of Jiao Ying and gives people an immersive auditory image. "Yes" and "Chen Wenjing" are overlapping words. Even if the upper and lower sentences form antithesis, the meaning is stronger and more vivid, which can better express the poet's sudden joy when he is infatuated with Hua Hudie and suddenly awakened by the sound of warblers. Except for the words "dance" and "warbler", these two sentences are all tongue-toothed.

The use of this series of tongue-and-teeth sounds creates a sense of language, which vividly shows the feeling that flower lovers are intoxicated and surprised by the beautiful scenery. The utility of sound is very helpful to the expression of emotions.

Syntactically, most of the poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty were naturally mixed, but Du Fu was different from them. For example, "antithesis" (later couplets) is the style of quatrains in the early Tang Dynasty, and there are few quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, because it is difficult to achieve a perfect ending. Du Fu, however, is hard to see, and such a poem couplet is both steady and memorable, which makes people feel that it is used properly: when it is pleasing to the eye, isn't it more fascinating to listen to Ying Ge's "Cha Cha"? Besides, according to customary grammar, these two sentences should be written like this: butterflies dance when they play, and yinger crows freely. Put "lingering" and "freedom" at the beginning of the sentence,

[Edit this paragraph] Appreciation of famous sentences

"Huang Sinian's family is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are low."

This is an interesting poem about scenery. The path is full of flowers, the branches under the flowers are pressed down, and colorful butterflies are hovering above the petals, dancing around the flowers. From here, we smell rich flowers. On the path beside the flowers, there are orioles chirping crisply. Their lively and comfortable behavior can give people a relaxed and happy feeling. Poets use rhythmic words like "always" and "cha cha" to make the whole bright and complicated picture full of movement, and also make poetry have a brighter and smoother rhythm. The whole poetic language is full of spoken language. It is very kind to read, and the poet's heartfelt happiness in spring is vividly on the paper.

The whole poem uses the methods of dynamic and static combination, visual and auditory combination, and depicts the beautiful scene of spring flowers and flowers and birds singing by selecting typical images such as flowers, butterflies and orioles, expressing the poet's joy.

This poem describes the author walking alone and enjoying flowers by the Jinjiang River in Chengdu. The path around Huang Si's maiden is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers bend the branches.

Butterflies are dancing all the time, and charming songbirds just crow.

Butterflies are dancing in the flowers, lingering, and lovely orioles are singing freely in the flowers.

[Edit this paragraph] Supplement

Looking for flowers by the river (2)

Du Fu

Flowers are everywhere around the river,

Walking in danger and fearing spring.

Poetry salvation can still be driven,

Never mind the white-headed man.

Flowers are like flowers, afraid of the river, the steps are dangerous (being alone). But now poetry and wine can listen to me, and I don't have to bear any psychological burden for my bald head. "

Among them, the word "cooking" is quoted from "Detailed Explanation of Du Fu's Poems". "Aunt Han Kang heard Er Wu crying and said,' Choose an official and take care of this person first.' When he said that he joined the army to ride a car, Huan said, "Wang said,' You have been an official for a long time, so take care of yourself.' ”，

(1) quoted from "Zhu Qian Du Shi" and "Du Shijing Quan" are the same. ⑵ According to: The dishes in Shi Shuo and Jin Shu should be sorted out and taken care of, which is extremely inappropriate for Du Fu's poems. Zhang Xiang, a close friend, summed up the four meanings under the cooking rules: arranging, helping, sending away and teasing. He also instructed Du Fu's poem "Cooking a White-headed Man" to arrange help. (3) The same as Qiu's. Here, the key to the problem is that the moral training of the word cooking has not been thoroughly studied. According to the author's research, in the poems from the Six Dynasties to the Tang and Song Dynasties, the word cuisine has four meanings besides those summarized by Zhang Xiang, and it also has the meanings of playing tricks, bullying and teasing. For details, please refer to my book Notes on the Meaning of Ancient Chinese (China Chinese 1979 No.2), and I won't repeat them here. However, Du Fu's poem "Never mind the white-headed man" is regarded as bullying, playing tricks and teasing. According to this explanation, let's interpret Lao Du's four poems: "Flowers like flowers are afraid of the river, walking in danger is afraid of spring." These two sentences have the same meaning. If it means: spring is coming, look at the two sides of the river, flowers are blooming and competing for beauty, and I am old, walking hard and inconvenient to move, and I am really a little afraid of this beautiful spring! On the surface, I am afraid of spring, but I am actually sighing that I am too old to appreciate this beautiful spring. Then, three or four sentences are the next turning point: "Poetry and wine are still driving, and you don't have to take care of the white-headed people." (This word should come from Zhang Xiang. It's well trained. This means: although I am old, I can still write poems and drink. I am not old. In spring, don't bully (or tease or provoke). ) I am a bald man! Training cooking is bullying, Doby. The theme is spring. Spring scenery is personified, which is a constant phenomenon in poetry. ) Contact the first sentence of this quatrain: "The river is troubled by flowers ..." At such times, those who are annoyed tease and provoke. (4) Flowers can tease people, so can't spring tease people? Let's look at another poem by the Ministry of Industry, The Poem of Sending Six Servants to the Palace: "Jian Nanchun is still a rogue". When Shi Hongbao read Du Shi's poem, he quoted the words "The treacherous and cunning children in the Jianghuai area are all rogues [5]", which is very acceptable. ("A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems" Volume III, page 985, it is untrue to note that "hooligans" are "chaos". However, it is not surprising that spring can be "deceptive and cunning". It can play tricks on people and bully them.

There is also: personifying spring scenery means that people can be teased and provoked, which is not only the usual skill of Lao Du, but also the poet. For example, a sentence in Lao Du's "Nine Poems Wandering": "See (before writing) the guest is worried, and the rogue comes to Jiangting in spring." [6][ Song] Yang Wanli's "Faming Qimen Five-method Temple Creek Trip" is the sixth poem: "It is already cold in the mountains, and it is even more Shui Han, and the wind and rain are unprovoked. Poets have no bones, and they come to see dishes in spring. " Once, there were examples.

Text note:

(1) A Detailed Interpretation of Du Fu's Poems, Volume II, Page 8 17.

(2) Qian () is quoted from ... in Biography of the Book of Jin, and Yang () is quoted from ... in Shi Shuo.

③ See page 604 of this book, Zhonghua Book Company, April edition 1953.

(4) See Page 5 17 of Lexical Interpretation of Poetry and Quyu.

5] Reading Poems of Du Fu, 108, Zhonghua Book Company, 1962.

[6] The Complete Works of Tang Poetry, Volume 4, Volume 227, Page 245/kloc-0.

Once "Zhai Chengji" Volume 4.

The sixth meaning:

The path of Huang Si's family is full of flowers, and thousands of flowers are hanging on the branches.

The frolicking butterflies are constantly dancing, and the charming Oriole sings just right.